学案12:Language points

Language points

◆ 重点词组：

1. keep your eyes open 睁大你的眼睛

2. consist of由……组成

3. leave out省去 不考虑 遗漏

4. divide into 分成

5. prepare to 准备

6. compare A with B 与……比

7. compare A to B 把A比作B

8. asked the boss on the phone 通过电话

9. work out 做出；解决；设计出；计算出；锻炼；发展，进行；

work on对……起作用；企图影响或说服，忙于

work in 在……工作

work off 渐渐消除 处理 排除 卖掉 发泄

10. a furnished house with all modern conveniences 一个带家具的房子有所有的现代方便的设施

11. familiar with熟悉

12. worried about the time available担心时间不够

13. make a list of 列出关于…的清单

14. on special occasions 在特殊的场合

15. the four-hundred-year-old uniform 有四百年历史的制服

16. set the world time设置世界时间

17. on either side of the line 在线的两端

18. fall asleep入睡

19. with delight 十分喜悦的

◆词句精讲：

1. consist vi.由...组成, 在于, 一致

★ consist of=be made up of 由…组成;由…构成

Substances consist of small particles called molecules. 物质是由叫做分子的微粒组成的。

True charity doesn't consist in almsgiving. 真正的慈善不在于施舍。

2. 区别: separate ... from (把联合在一起或靠近的人或物分离出来）

into 把…分开 （把整体分为若干部分）

The teacher divided the class into two groups.

The Taiwan Strait separates Taiwan from Fujian.

3. debate about sth.

They debate about the proposal for three days.

★ debate/argue/discuss/quarrel辩论,争论

【解析】debate就已经确定或统一的问题,各述己见,公开,正式的争论.含交锋的意思；

argue指提出理由或事实，试图在争辩中说服对方，或促使他人拥护自己倡导的理由或观点；

discuss指一般讨论,谈论；

quarrel常指因琐事而感到气愤,进行争吵

4. clarify: vt./vi. (cause sth. to )become clear or easier to understand 澄清；阐明;清楚；明了

I hope what I say will clarify the situation.

Can you clarify the question?

5. be linked to = be connected to /be joined to 连接

【习惯用语】★ link A to B 将A和B连接起来

6. refer to

(1)提及，指的是……

When he said “some students”, do you think he was referring to us?

(2) 参考；查阅；询问

If you don't understand a word you may refer to your dictionaries.

Please refer to the last page of the book for answers.

(3) 关系到；关乎

What I have to say refers to all of you.

This rule refers to everyone.

★ reference: n. 参考

reference books 参考书

7. to one's surprise (prep)

“to one’s + 名词” 表 “令某人……”

常见的名词有 “delight, disappointment, enjoyment, astonishment 等。

I discovered, to my horror, that the goods were entirely unfit for sale.

To John's great relief they reached the house at last.

8. ... found themselves united peacefully

“find +宾语＋宾补( adj.; adv.; v.-ing; pp; 介词短语；不定式）”

A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen.

You’ll find him easy to get along with.

They found themselves trapped by the bush fire.

When I woke up, I found myself in hospital.

I called on him yesterday, but I found him out.

9. leave out省去,遗漏

You have left out the most important word in this sentence.

你在这一句中遗漏了最重要的一个单词。

Don't leave me out when you invite people to your party.

当你邀请人们去参加晚会时，别把我漏掉了。

[重点用法] leave for 动身到(某处) leave alone不管;撇下…一个人

leave aside搁置 leave behind遗忘;遗留

10. break down损坏，跨，压倒，分解

The bridge broke down. 桥塌了。

The engine broke down. 发动机坏了。

He has broken down from overwork. 他因工作过度而累垮了。

Water can be broken down into hydrogen and oxygen. 水可以分解为氢和氧。

The plan to build another chemical work has broken down because it will cause serious

pollution.

再建一个化工厂的计划失败了，因为这将引起严重的污染。

[词汇激活]

break away from摆脱，脱离

break in闯入；插话

break into闯入；破门而人；打断(谈话)

break off中止；折断；打折

break out爆发；突然发生

break through突破；冲垮

break up分解；(使)结束;分开,分离

11. take the place of代替,取代

In the future, natural gas will take the place of petrol as the major fuel.

将来天然气会代替汽油成为主要的能源。

I’ll take the place of Mr. Lin next week. =I’ll take Mr. Lin's place next week.

下周我将代替林老师。

[重点用法]

take place发生；举行

take one's place就位；代替某人

in place of (= instead of)代替

in place在适当的位置

out of place不得其所，不适当地

in the first place首先

from place to place到处；各处

12. influence

(1) v. 对……产生影响

What influence you to choose a career in teaching?

(2)可数n. 产生影响的人或事

He is one of the good influences in the school.

(3) (不可数n.) 影响

A teacher has great influence over his pupils.

13. There is no need to debate any more about why different words are used to describe the

four countries. 没有必要去争论为什么要用不同的词去描述这四个国家。

[解释] There is no need to do没有必要做某事

There is no doubt that ……是毫无疑问的

14. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and

died in London. 这似乎是一件怪事:这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，而且在伦敦去世.

[解释] It is/seems/…that …从句用虚拟语气，由“should+v.原形”构成

It is strange that my mother should agree with me.真奇怪我妈妈竟然答应了我。

It was strange that my mother should have agreed with me. 真奇怪我妈妈竟然答应了我。