高考语法练习讲义附答案 第4讲 名词转换为形容词、名词或动词

高中语法突破

板块二 词性的转换

第4讲 名词转换为形容词、名词或动词

高考真题试做

1. The _______ (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds(蓓蕾) make fantastic

decorations.

2. In the 18th and 19th centuries, _______ (wealth) people travelled and collected plants,

historical objects and works of art.

3. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's

_______ (wonder).

4. They also shared with us many _______ (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were. . .

5. I'm a _______ (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.

6. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to _______ (strength) your

leg muscles(肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes.

命题角度解读

1. 给出名词, 考查其派生出的形容词形式；

2. 给出名词, 考查其派生出的另一名词形式；

3. 给出名词, 考查其派生出的动词形式。

考点一 名词转换为形容词

[题组试做]

单句语法填空

1. According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total _______ (globe)

fertilizer consumption.

2. It's never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and _______ (meaning)

college experience.

3. British Prime Minister paid an _______ (office) visit to China from Jan. 31 to Feb. 2.

4. He put his ear to the floor and heard _______ (anger) shouts, but no words were

distinguishable.

5. The policy was rejected in favour of a more _______ (caution) approach.

6. She feels _______ (guilt) about spending less time lately with her two kids.

1

7. There can be no doubt that you will succeed in your _______ (science) research.

8. The U. S. is sending _______ (addition) troops to the region where violence occurs

frequently.

9. It is _______ (fashion) to have short hair nowadays.

10. Unless you respect other people's religions, _______ (horror) mistakes and conflicts will

occur.

[要点解读]

名词转换为形容词

后缀

-al

-ed

例词

centre→central在中心的；中央的 origin→original原来的；起初的

crime→criminal 刑事的；犯罪的 practice→practical 实际的

gift→gifted有智慧的 talent→talented有才能的；天才的

office→official 官方的；正式的 face→facial 面部的

-ial

race→racial 种族的 finance→financial 金融的

industry→industrial 工业的 influence→influential 有影响的

peace→peaceful和平的；安静的；和睦的

-ful

meaning→meaningful有意义的；意味深长的

wonder→wonderful精彩的；令人高兴的；令人惊奇的

-less

hope→hopeless 没有希望的 use→useless 没用的

help→helpless无助的 end→endless无尽的

fashion→fashionable流行的；时髦的 reason→reasonable公平的；合理的

value→valuable有价值的；宝贵的

access→accessible可到达的；可进入的；可使用的；易懂的

horror→horrible极坏的；恐怖的 credit→credible可信的；可靠的

danger→dangerous有危险的；不安全的 courage→courageous勇敢的；无畏的

ambition→ambitious有雄心的；有抱负的；有野心的

guilt→guilty感到内疚的；有过失的；有罪责的

taste→tasty美味的；可口的 hunger→hungry饥饿的；挨饿的

science→scientific科学的 energy→energetic精力充沛的；充满活力的

economy→economic经济的；经济上的

2

-able

-ible

-ous

-y

-ic

-ish

self→selfish自私的 child→childish孩子气的；稚嫩的

fool→foolish愚蠢的；傻的

-ate

fortune→fortunate幸运的；吉利的 affection→affectionate表示关爱的

-ical

grammar→grammatical语法的 history→historical 历史的；有关历史研究的

-t

confidence→confident有信心的 silence→silent沉默的

absence→absent缺席的；茫然的

cost→costly昂贵的 friend→friendly友好的

order→orderly有秩序的 day→daily日常的

考点二 名词转换为名词、动词

[题组试做]

单句语法填空

1. The _______ (village) autonomy is great innovation in the rural political system.

2. She was once in deep despair in her _______ (child) because of her physical illness.

3. The President set the targets for the future to promote _______ (friend) with European

countries.

4. Ms. Green has asked me to _______ (deputy) for her at the meeting.

5. In addition, planting trees helps improve and _______ (beauty) the environment.

6. She had to _______ (choice) between giving up her job or hiring a babysitter.

7. She knew that Soli was trying to _______ (fright) her, so she smiled to hide her fear.

8. These human activities will _______ (danger) wildlife and affect the balance of ecosystem.

[要点解读]

一、名词转换为名词

后缀

-er

例词

astronomy→astronomer天文学家 village→villager村民

engine→engineer工程师

art→artist艺术家 physics→physicist物理学家

novel→novelist小说家

music→musician音乐家；作曲家

-ian

library→librarian图书馆馆长；图书管理员

politics→politician从政者；政治家

3

-ly

-ist

child→childhood童年；孩童时期

-hood

neighbor→neighborhood街坊；街区

mother→motherhood母亲身份；母性

-ship

friend→friendship友谊；友情 scholar→scholarship奖学金；学问

champion→championship冠军称号；锦标赛

二、名词转换为动词

前缀

en-

后缀

-en

-e

-ify

例词

danger→endanger使遭危险；危及；危害

courage→encourage鼓励；激励

例词

fright→frighten使惊吓；使惊恐 length→lengthen使变长

strength→strengthen加强；强化

breath→breathe呼吸 bath→bathe洗澡；沐浴

beauty→beautify美化；装饰 identity→identify识别；确认

class→classify分类；归类

memory→memorize 记忆 summary→summarize 总结

apology→apologize道歉

-ize

4

参考答案：

高考真题试做

1. beautiful 2. wealthy 3. wonderful 4. traditional 5. scientist 6. strengthen

考点一 名词转换为形容词

1. global 2. meaningful 3. official 4. angry 5. cautious 6. guilty 7. scientific

8. additional 9. fashionable 10. horrible

考点二 名词转换为名词、动词

1. villager 2. childhood 3. friendship

7. frighten 8. endanger

4. deputize

5

5. beautify 6. choose