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2023年12月25日发(作者:sql where if)
比较级
比较级(Comparative Degree)就是将二者进行比较产生的词形,是由形容词原级转化而来的,一般是在原级后面加er,也有一些不规则的转化,比如good—better,bad—worse,有很多。相对二者的比较,还有三者及以上的比较,这时就产生了最高级。在英语中通常用下列方式表示的词:在形容词或副词前加more(如 more natural,more clearly )或加后缀 -er(newer,sooner )。典型的是指形容词或副词所表示的质、量或关系的增加。英语句子中,将比较两个主体的方法叫做“比较句型”。其中,像“A比B更……”的表达方式称为比较级。组成句子的方式是将形容词或副词变化成比较级的形态。
构成
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单音节形容词和部分双音节词,一般在词尾加-er。
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以字母e结尾的词,在词尾直接加-r。
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重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母,元音发短音时,双写尾字母,再加er。
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以"辅音字母+y“结尾的双音节词,变”y“为”i“,再加-er。
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多音节词和部分双音节词,在词前加”more“。
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部分形容词和副词的比较级是不规则的,如:good/well-better,bad/badly-worse。
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由“动词+后缀-ing/-ed”构成的形容词,在词前加more构成比较级。如:interesting-more interesting,bored-more bored。
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由“形容词+后缀-ly”构成的副词,在该副词前加more构成比较级。如:slowly-more slowly,happily- more happily。
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用法
一般
1. 表示"比...更"。用比较级形容词+than+比较成分, than后主词的述语动词往往省略, 非正式用法的than后的人称代名词可用宾格。
He is younger than me.
他比我年轻。
I am a better swimmer than he(him).
我游泳比他好。
2. 表示"较...低; 不及..."用less+原级形容词+than+比较成分。
I am less young than he (is).
我不比他年轻。
3. 表示两者之中"较...", 用the+比较级+of the two。
This one is the bigger of the two houses.
这所房子是两座房子中较大的。
4. 定冠词或指示形容词+比较级+名词表示比较。
The taller boy is John.
那个身材较高的男孩子是约翰。
5. 有少数以ior结尾的形容词, 如inferior(次于), junior(年幼的;下级的), posterior(之后), prior(之前), senior(年长的,上级的), superior(优于)等本身就有比较的意思, 常与介系词to连用。
This method is superior to that one.
这种方法优于那种方法。
6. 比较形容词可以被副词如a little(一点),much(得多), even(更加),
still(更加), far(...的多)等修饰, 但不可用very修饰。
翻译: 现在的生活简单得多了。(误)Life is very easier than it was
twenty years ago.(正)Life is very much easier than it was twenty years
ago.
特殊
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no more… than… 与……一样不……
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not more…than… 没有……那样……,不如……
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not less… than… 不亚于……
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more than… 不止,仅仅,非常,极其 This more than satisfied me.
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more than a little 非常
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not more than 不多于 no (not any) more than不过,仅仅
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no less than 有……之多,多达 not less than 至少,不下于
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neither more nor less than 恰好,不多不少,简直,和……完全一样
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better than 多于,超过 It is better than 20 km to the station.
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(in) less than no time 立即,一会儿
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(be) little/no better than 实际上,简直就是
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nothing less than 完全是,和……一模一样
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all the more 越发,更加
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any (the) less 较小/更小一些,小的
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all the better 更好,更加
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so much the better/worse (for sb./sth.) 甚至更好/更坏
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go one better (than sb./sth.) 胜过……一筹
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more…than… 与其说……不如说……
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would sooner/rather…than 与其……宁愿
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(be) more like…than 不像……倒像
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rather…than…/rather than 宁可……而不
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other than 除了……,除……之外
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rather…than otherwise 不是别的而是
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no/none other than 正是,除……之外无其他
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no more 不再,不复存在,也不,也没有
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less than 不……
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more often than no 经常,多半
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see more/less of someone 更常/少见;再/少见到……
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none + the + 比较级 毫不……,毫无……
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have seen better days 情况转坏
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think better of sth. 改变……的念头
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for better or (for) worse 无论好坏,同甘共苦
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all the better 因……而更加
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more than meets the eye/ear 另有隐情,并非表面那么简单的
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More is meant than, meets the ear. 意在言外
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There is more ( to it ) than meets the eyes. 现象背后有文章
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the+比较级……,the+比较级……. 越……,越……
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无比较级单词
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表示国籍的形容词没有比较级和最高级.
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例如:Chinese(中国的),English(英国的),Japanese(日本的)等等
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表示方位和时间的形容词没有比较级和最高级.
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例如:east(东边的,东方的),west(西边的,西方的)past(过去的)等等
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表示绝对概念的词和已达极限的形容词没有比较级和最高级.
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例如:perfect(完美的),blind(瞎的),dead(死的)等等
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说明物体材质和形状的形容词没有比较级和最高级.
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例如:solid(固体的),round(圆形的),plastic(塑料的)等等
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表示数字、顺序或者时间的形容词没有比较级和最高级.
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例如:next(下一个),several(若干的),daily(每天的)等等
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在语法上做表语的表示状态的形容词没有比较级和最高级.
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例如:alone(孤独的),awake(醒来的),alive(活着的)等等
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本身就有比较级含义的形容词没有比较级和最高级
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例如:junjor(年少的),minor(次要的),superior(上等的)等等
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同样,此类词汇的另一个特点是:不能用表示程度的副词如(very ,so)等等来修饰.
例如:very dead, so awake是错误的
基本句型
同级比较
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由“...as + 形容词原型 + as...”或“...as + 形容词 + 名词
+ as...”构成。
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My grandpa is as energetic as a young man.
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Exercise is as useful a way as any other to lose unwanted weight.
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I try to find as much information as I can about what happened.
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由“...not so (as) + 形容词或副词原型 + as...”或“...not
so (as) + 形容词 + 名词 + as...”构成。
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Luckily, the weather is not so wet as it is today.
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降级比较
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由“……形容词比较级+ than...”构成。
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He is more concerned about others than about himself.
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由“...many / much more + 可数 / 不可数名词 + than...”
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My friend earned much more money than I did last year.
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特殊句型
编辑
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表示“越来越……”的意思: “比较级 + and + 比较级”或“more and more
/ less and less + 原级”结构,与这类结构搭配的常用动词有grow,get,become等。
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She felt herself becoming more and more nervous.
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As the winter is drawing near,it's getting colder and colder.
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表示两者之间更···the + 比较级 + of the two + 名词。
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Jane is the taller of the two children in our family.
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表示“越……”:“the + 比较级……,”,The more magazines you sell,the
more money you will get.
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“否定 + 比较级” 相当于最高级。
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— Wait until we get a satisfactory reply,will you?
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— I couldn't agree more. The idea sounds great to me.
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“a + 比较级 + 名词(than...)” 结构常出现在以never构成的完成时态的动词后面。
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How beautifully she sings!I have never heard a better voice.
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倍数表示法:...times as +形容词原级 + as...;
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...times + 形容词比较级 + than...;...times the + 性质名词 + of...。
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The dining hall is three times as large as that one.
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The dining hall is three times larger than that one.
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The dining hall is three times the size of that one.
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比较级表示最高级
英语中用比较级句型可以表最高级的含义,较为常见的有下列几种形式:
1、直接使用比较级
① How beautiful she sings! I've never heard a better voice. = She
has the best voice I've ever heard. ② I have never read a more interesting
novel. = It is the most interesting novel I've ever read.
any other + n.(单)
2、比较级+ than + the other +n.(复)
any of the other + n.(复)
① She goes to school earlier than the other girls. ② He works harder
than any other student.
③ China is larger than any of the other countries in Asia.
3、比较级 + than + anything/ anyone else ① George did more work than
anyone else.
② Tom cared more for money than for anything else.
4、在比较句型中使用 "no", "nobody", "nothing" + better than… 等词。
① I like nothing better than swimming. ② Nobody can do the work better
than he did. ③ No other building is as grand as the new hotel.
5、one of + the +adj.最高级 + n.(复) “最 „„的„„之一” eg. Paper-making
is one of the greatest inventions of ancient China.
6、the + 序数词 + adj.最高级 + n.(单) + in短语 “第几(长、大、远)„„” eg. The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
7、adj.最高级 可用在选择疑问句中,常用句型:Which/ Who … A, B or C?
eg. Which city is the biggest, Beijing, Shanghai or Chongqing?
8、当adj.最高级 前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格 修饰时,省掉最高级前的定冠词the。
eg. Linda is my sister’s best friend.
注意
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为了避免重复,需要用替代词替代前面已经提到过的东西。用the one代替单数可数名词;that代替不可数名词;the ones, those代替复数名词。
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The film is not as good as the one I saw yesterday.这部电影没有我昨天看的那部好看。
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The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai. 北京的天气比上海的天气冷。
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The new designs are much better than the old ones.这些新的图样比旧的好多了。
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当比较对象属于同一范围时,需使用other来排除自身,否则会造成与自身相比较的矛盾。
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Canada is larger than any other country in North America.
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“no + 形容词的比较级 + than”结构表达对两者均否定。
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Don't be proud so early. You are no better than me.
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比较级前面可以用even,still,yet,any,much,a little,a lot,by far等修饰语用以加强语气或表示比较程度。To tell you the truth,my boyfriend
is much older than me.
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两个比较对象用and连在一起可表达全面增加或减少,意为“越来越……”。
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The weather is getting warmer and warmer. 天气越来越暖和
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She is becoming more and more beautful. 她越来越漂亮
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考题思路
关键词答题
⒈ The new group of students is better-behaved than the other group
who stayed here ______.
A. early B. earlier C. earliest D. the earliest
【解析】答案选B。做此题的关键词是new,即把“新来的学生”与“早些时候呆在这儿的学生”进行比较。全句意为:新来的这群学生比早些时候呆在这儿的那些学生表现得更好些。
⒉ —Do you need any help,Lucy?
—Yes,the job is ______ I could do myself.
A. less than B. more than C. no more than D. not more than
【解析】答案选B。做此题要抓的关键词是yes,由于答话者对问话者的“你需要帮助吗?”作了肯定回答,说明答话者独自完成工作有困难,故填more than。
⒊ Of the two coats,I’d choose the ______ one to spare some money
for a book.
A. cheapest B. cheaper C. more expensive D. most expensive
【解析】答案选B。关键词是句中的two,因是两者比较,可将答案锁定在B和C之间;再根据句意,排除C。
通过分析隐含意思答题
⒈ There is an old proverb,“Love me,love my dog. ” But there is
______ wisdom in this: “Love me,love my book.”
A. some B. much C. more D. most
【解析】答案选C。这道题出得非常巧妙,句中既没有显示比较级的关键词,也没有暗示用比较级的than。而是将“Love me,love my dog”与“Love me,love
my book”两句进行比较,要求考生根据这两句话的内容确定哪句话更有wisdom。
⒉ With April 18’s railway speedup,highway and air transport will
have to compete with ______ service for passengers.
A. good B. better C. best D. the best
【解析】答案选B。句子大意为:由于铁路提速了,所以高速公路和航空业要提高服务质量来竞争客源。因将“高速公路和航空”与“铁路”比较,故用比较级。
⒊ The melon the Smiths served at dinner would have tasted ______ if
it had been put in the fridge for a little while.
A. good B. better C. best D. well
【解析】B。题目中将“放入冰箱中冷冻”与“不放入冰箱中冷冻”作比较,故用比较级。句意为:史密斯家人晚餐时上的甜瓜若能放入冰箱中冷冻一下味道会更好些。
⒋ Speaking of all the songs he has written,I think this is probably
his ______ one.
A. better-known B. well-known C. best-known D. most-known
【解析】C。因为是从他所写的所有歌中选出一首来比较,故用最高级。
修饰关系答题
⒈ After two years’ research,we now have a ______ better
understanding of the disease.
A. very B. far C. fairly D. quite
【解析】B。这四个副词中,通常只有far可用于修饰比较。注:quite有时也可用于修饰比较better,但它只用于表示“身体康复”,不用于其他意义。
⒉ Work gets done ______ when people do it together,and the rewards
are higher too.
A. easily B. very easy C. more easily D. easier
【解析】C。根据题意可知,说话者是将 when people do it together 和 when
people don’t do it together 这两种情况比较,故选比较级。注意不要选 D,因为在此题是要用副词修饰动词,不能用形容词。另外,根据句末的 higher too
也可知道此题是考查比较级。
重要考点
比较等级的基本用法
⒈ Of the two sisters,Betty is _________ one,and she is also the one
who loves to be quiet. (安徽卷)
A. a younger B. a youngest C. the younger D. the youngest
【解析】答案选C。根据句中的of the two sisters可知,此题涉及的是两者比较,故用比较级;另外,由于是特指两者中的一个,故其前用定冠词,不用不定冠词。
⒉ Of the two coats,I’d choose the _________ one to spare some money
for a book. (四川卷)
A. cheapest B. cheaper C. more expensive D. most expensive
【解析】答案选B。故用比较级,可将答案锁定在B和C之间;再根据句意,排除C。
⒊ Speaking of all the songs he has written,I think this is probably
his _________ one. (全国卷Ⅱ)
A. better-known B. well-known C. best-known D. most-known
【解析】答案选C。因为是从他所写的所有歌中选出一首来比较,故用最高级。
在语境中比较等级的用法
⒈ I don’t think this film is by far the most boring. I have seen
_________. (江西卷)
A. better B. worse C. the best D. the worst
【解析】答案选B。既然前文说“这不是最最烦人的电影”,那么下文说的肯定就“还有更糟的”,故用worse。有意思的是,2006年的这道江西卷的考题与下面这道2004年的湖南卷极为相似:
That doesn’t sound very frightening. Paul,I’ve seen _________. What
did you like most about the film? (湖南卷)
A. better B. worse C. best D. worst
由前句“这听起来并不十分令人恐惧”可知,说话人曾见过比这个更令人恐惧的事,所以用比较级worse。
⒊ There is an old proverb,“Love me,love my dog. ” But there is
_________ wisdom in this: “Love me,love my book.” (湖南卷)
A. some B. much C. more D. most
【解析】答案选C。由于是将“Love me,love my dog”与“Love me,love my
book”进行比较,故用比较级。此题的巧妙之处在于句中没有出现than,而是给出两个待比较的proverb。
⒋ With April 18’s railway speedup,highway and air transport will
have to compete with _________ service for passengers. (江苏卷)
A. good B. better C. best D. the best
【解析】答案选B。句子大意为:由于铁路提速了,所以公路和航空业要提高服务质量来竞争客源。因将“公路和航空”与“铁路”比较,故用比较级。
“否定词+a+比较级”结构
⒈ Your story is perfect. I’ve never heard _________ before. (全国卷Ⅲ)
A. the better one B. the best one C. a better one D. a good one
【解析】答案选C。“否定词(尤其是never)+a+比较级”的意思是“从来没有……一个更……的”,这类结构通常可视为在其后省略了一个than…短语,做题时要注意根据具体的语境作出正确的理解,如:I have never read a better
article. 我从未读过(比这篇文章)更好的文章(=这是我所读过的最好的文章)。I have never seen a worse film. 我从没看过(比这部电影)更糟的电影(=这是我所看过的最糟的电影)。本题中的I’ve never heard a better one before的意思是“我从未听到过(比你这个事故)更好听的事故”。
⒉ —Did you enjoy yourself at the party?
—Yes. I’ve never been to _________ one before. (四川卷)
A. a more excited B. the most excited C. a more exciting D. the most
exciting
【解析】答案选C。I’ve never been to a more exciting one before实为I’ve never been to a more exciting one before than this one. 其意为“我从未参加过比这个晚会更令人兴奋的晚会”,即“这是我参加过最令人兴奋的晚会”。又如:I’ve never had a worse morning than today. 我哪一天早上也不像今天早上这样倒霉。若意思明确,有时可省略than结构:He is
fine,never better. 他很好,比以往任何时候都好。
注意:有时根据不同语法结构的需要,也可能没有不定冠词。如:
No news could be more delightful to me. 这消息最令我高兴。
I have never drunk better beer. 我从来没喝过这么好的啤酒。
比较等级的修饰语
After two years’ research,we now have a _________ better
understanding of the disease. (全国卷Ⅱ)
A. very B. far C. fairly D. quite
【解析】答案选B。这四个副词中,通常只有far可用于修饰比较级。注:quite有时也可用于修饰比较级better,但它只用于表示“身体康复”,不用于其他意义。
相似比较级结构的区别
—Do you need any help,Lucy?
—Yes. The job is _________ I could do myself. (福建卷)
A. less than B. more than C. no more than D. not more than
【解析】答案选B。比较:less than意为“少于”;more than意为“多于,超过”;no more than意为“只有,只是”;not more than意为“不多于,至多”。做好此题的关键是注意句中的Yes,由于答话者做了肯定回答,说明答话者工作有些力不从心,所以填more than。
近义比较的区别
This washing machine is environmentally friendly because it uses
_________ water and electricity than _________ models. (北京卷)
A. less; older B. less; elder C. fewer; older D. fewer; elder
【解析】答案选A。less为little的比较级,主要用于修饰不可数名词,fewer为few的比较,主要用于修饰可数名词,据此可排除C和D,因为fewer不能用于修饰water;older与elder的区别之一是前者既可用于修饰人,也可用于修饰事物,而后者只用于修饰人,不用于修饰事物,故只能选A。
as…as结构的用法及修饰语的位置
⒈ It is reported that the United States uses _________ energy as the
whole of Europe. (广西卷)
A. as twice B. twice much C. twice much as D. twice as much
【解析】答案选D。由energy后的as可知,此题是考查as…as…结构。根据英语语法习惯,修饰as…as…结构的副词只能置于as…as…结构之前,不能置于其中。又如:Du Jiejie went out with a man twice as old as her. 杜姐姐和一个年龄比她大一倍的男子来往。It cost three times as much as I had
expected. 它花的钱比我预期的多两倍。
⒉ He speaks English indeed,but of course not _________a native
speaker. (上海卷)
A. as fluent as B. more fluent than C. so fluently as D. much fluently
than
【解析】答案选C。因为修饰动词speaks要用副词,排除A和B;又因为than只能用于比较级后而不能位于原级后,排除D。句意是:他的英语讲得的确不错,不过,当然不如英语本族人讲得流利。
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