初中英语常考词性转化

初中英语常考词性转化

（派生法）汇总

第一类动词→形容词

(1)动词加-ed或-ing变形容词

satisfy---satisfied---satisfying

follow---following

come---coming

smile---smiling

scare---scared

worry---worried

please---pleased

stress---stressed

marry---married

amaze---amazed---amazing

bore---bored---boring

excite---excited---exciting

interest---interested---interesting

relax---relaxed---relaxing

surprise---surprised---surprising

tire---tired---tiring

develop---developed---developing

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frighten---frightened---frightening

(2)动词加a-变形容词

live---alive

(3)动词加-ive变形容词

act---active

(4)动词加-able变形容词

enjoy---enjoyable

comfort---comfortable

believe---believable

(5)动词加-ful变形容词

care---careful

use---useful

thank---thankful

(6)过去分词变的形容词help---helpful

harm---harmful

create---creative

sleep---asleepwake---awake

forget---forgettable

change---changeable

count---countableaccept---acceptableafford---affordableforget---forgetfulregret---regretfulwonder---wonderful

lose---lost

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(7)特殊的动词变形容词

die---dead

fool---foolish

(1)动词加-er(or/r)变名词

play---player

climb---climber

lead---leader

work---worker

wait---waiter

paint---painter

perform---performer

print---printer

report---reporter

fight---fighter

(2)动词加-ress变名词

act---actress

(3)动词加-ion或-tion变名词attract---attraction

collect---collection

celebrate---celebration

communicate---communicati

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on

congratulate---congratulation

direct---directionspeak---spoken

like---likely

sleep--sleepy/sleeping/asleep

第二类动词→名词

record---recorder

sing---singer

speak---speaker

teach---teacher

dive---diver

dance---dancer

drive---driver

own---owner

ride---rider

write---writer

wait---waitress

educate---education

express---expression

introduce---introduction

invent---invention

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invite---invitation

describe---descriptionbreak---broken

live---lively/alive/livingeducate---educationalrun---runner

swim---swimmertravel---traveler

win---winner

explore---exploreract---actor

direct---director

invent---inventorvisit---visitor

operate---operationorganize---organizationprotect---protectionpollute---pollutionsuggest---suggestionpronounce---pronunciation

connect---connection

create---creation

consider---consideration

(4)动词加-ment变名词

achieve---achievement

advertise---advertisement

agree---agreement

develop---development

(5)动词加-ing变名词

begin---beginning

build---building

cook---cooking

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cross---crossing

draw---drawing

end---ending

hear---hearing

(6)动词加-ance变名词

enter---entrance

(7)其他动词变名词

arrive---arrival

advise---advice

breathe---breath

choose---choice

decide---decisionexamine---examination

explain---explanation

produce---productioncompete---competitiondonate---donationexcite---excitement

improve---improvement

move---movement

punish---punishmenttreat---treatment

manage---managementhike---hiking

jog---jogging

meet---meeting

paint---painting

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read---reading

swim---swimming

skate---skatingshake---shaking

ski---skiing

spell---spelling

train---training

turn---turning

write---writing

walk---walking

perform---performance

discuss---discussion

express---expression

die---death

grow---growth

marry---marriagesucceed---successserve---service

think---thought

weigh---weight

第三类名词→名词（表身份、职业）

(1)名词加-ist变名词

art---artist

piano---pianist

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tour---tourist

(2)名词加-ian变名词

music---musician

(3)名词加-er/-r变名词

farm---farmer

office---officer

(1)名词加-y变形容词

cloud---cloudy

fog---foggy

fun---funny

health---healthy

luck---lucky

(2)名词加-ly变形容词

day---daily

friend---friendly

(3)名词加-ful变形容词

beauty---beautiful

color---colorful

meaning---meaningful

peace---peaceful

power---powerful

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(4)名词加-less变形容词

end---endlessviolin---violinist

science---scientist

novel---novelist

library---librarian

rule---ruler

interview---interviewer

第四类名词→形容词

noise---noisy

rain---rainy

salt---salty

shine---shiny

sleep---sleepy

love---lovely

week---weekly

success---successful

wonder---wonderful

help---helpful

use---useful

cheer---cheerful

harm---harmlesschemistry---chemistgarden---gardenersun---sunny

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snow---snowy

taste---tasty

wind---winy

hunger---hungry

joy---joyful

care---careful

harm---harmful

hope---hopeful

help---helpless

home---homelesshope---hopeless

meaning---meaninglessuse---useless

(5)名词加-e(r)n变形容词

east---easternwest---western

south---southerngold---golden

north---northernwood---wooden

(6)名词加-al变形容词

culture---culturalnature---natural

education---educationalperson---personal

medicine---medicalphysics---physical

music---musicalpractice---practical

(7)名词加-ous变形容词

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danger---dangeroushumor---humorous

(8)名词加-able变形容词

fashion---fashionablevalue---valuable

(9)表示国家或洲的名词变形容词

America---AmericanEngland---English

Britain---BritishFrance---French

China---ChineseJapan---Japanese

(10)其他名词变形容词

balance---balancedfool---foolish

energy---energeticinterest---interesting

第五类形容词→名词

(1)形容词加-ness变名词

careless---carelessnessdark---darknesswool---woolen

tradition---traditionalcenter---central

Australia---AustralianAsia---Asian

India---Indian

pleasure---pleasedtalent---talented

happy---happiness

ill---illness

kind---kindness

rich---richness

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(2)形容词把t变ce变成名词

confident---confidence

different---difference

(3)形容词加-ty变名词

able---ability

difficult---difficulty

(4)其他形容词变名词

medical---medicine

deep---depth

high---height

long---length

(1)形容词加-ly变副词

beautiful---beautifully

bright---brightly

careful---carefully

careless---carelessly

clear---clearly

correct---correctly

deep---deeply

certain---certain

exact---exactlysick---sicknesslonely---lonelinesssad---sadness

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unhappy---unhappiness

excellent---excellencepatient---patienceimportant---importanceabsent---absenceelectric---electricity

safe---safety

strong---strengthwide---width

strange---strangerfree---freedom

true---truthwise---wisdom

warm---warmthyoung---youth

第六类形容词→副词

especial---especiallyneat---neatly

general---generallypeaceful---peacefullymain---mainlypolite---politely

proper---properlyquiet---quietly

light---lightlyquick---quickly

different---differentlyreal---really

final---finallyrecent---recentlyfree---freelyregular---regularlyloud---loudlysad---sadly

safe---safely

slow---slowly

soft---softlysuccessful---successfully

sudden---suddenly

sure---surelyusual---usually

wide---widely

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wonderful---wonderfully(2)形容词以e结尾去e加-ly变副词

comfortable---comfortably

gentle---gently

impossible---impossiblypossible---possibly

simple---simply

true---trulyterrible---terriblyprobable---probably(3)形容词以y结尾吧变y为i加-ly变副词

angry---angrily

busy---busily

easy---easilyhappy---happily

heavy---heavily

healthy---healthily

第七类加前缀un-, im-, dis-变反义词

(1)加前缀un-变反义词

able---unable

comfortable---uncomfortable

common---uncommon

forgettable---unforgettable

friendly---unfriendly

fair---unfair

(2)加前缀im-变反义词

patient---impatient

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(3)加前缀dis-变反义词

agree---disagree

advantage---disadvantageappear---disappear

honest---dishonestlike---dislike

possible---impossiblepolite---impolite

happy---unhappy

healthy---unhealthy

helpful---unhelpful

important---unimportant

kind-unkind

known---unknownnecessary---unnecessarypleasant---unpleasantpopular---unpopularusual---unusual

welcome---unwelcomelucky---luckily

unlucky---unluckily

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