2021届高考英语复习之真题阅读词块与阅读练习(五十三)含答案详解

2021高考英语复习之真题阅读词块与阅读练习（五十三）

2019北京卷（D篇）

目录

第一部分

第二部分

第三部分

一：真题试做

By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks

to a warming climate, according to a new study.

At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms（海洋微生物）called

phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create

colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the

type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in

some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean’s appearance.

Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）into

the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean,

an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to

the ocean’s warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect

phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also

nutrients.

Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT’s Center for Global Change Science, built a climate

model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃,

it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that

currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such

as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas

will turn greener.

＂Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing,＂she

said,

＂but the type of phytoplankton is changing.

＂

内容

高考真题试做

真题词块解析

模拟题训练

And why does that matter? Phytoplankton are the base of the food web. If certain kinds begin

to disappear from the ocean, Dutkiewicz said,

＂it will change the type of fish that will be able to

survive.＂ Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.

Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too

gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes.

＂It’ll be a while before we

can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change,＂ Dutkiewicz

said,

＂but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we

really have changed our planet.＂

42. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?

A. The various patterns at the ocean surface.

B. The cause of the changes in ocean colour.

C. The way light reflects off marine organisms.

D. The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.

43. What does the underlined word＂vulnerable＂in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A. Sensitive.

Unnoticeable.

44. What can we learn from the passage?

A. Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.

B. Dutkiewicz’s model aims to project phytoplankton changes.

C. Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate.

D. Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.

45. What is the main purpose of the passage?

A. To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes.

B. To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain.

C. To explain the effects of climate change on oceans.

D. To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton.

参考答案：BADC

B. Beneficial. C. Significant. D.

二：词块梳理

1：warming

英[ˈwɔːmɪŋ] 美[ˈwɔːrmɪŋ]

n. 加温，升温

v. （使）变暖，被加热，暖和起来( warm的现在分词 )；（使）变得更友好，变得更可爱

双语例句

ation: warming handbags, medical products, commodity etc.

用途: 制作暖手袋 、 医疗用品及日用品等.

is cosy fire on a bitterly cold winter night, warming the heart.

友谊又如寒冷的冬夜中炽热的火焰, 温暖了你的心灵.

milk is warming ( up ) on the stove.

牛奶在炉子上热着呢.

2：climate

英[ˈklaɪmət] 美[ˈklaɪmət]

n. 气候；氛围；形势

变形

复数：climates

双语例句

will not grow in a cold climate.

咖啡不能生长在寒冷的气候下.

plants will not seed in a cold climate.

有些植物在寒冷的气候条件下不能结果实.

climate and plentiful rainfall favour the growth of plants.

炎热的气候和充足的雨水有助于植物生长.

3：phenomenon

英[fəˈnɒmɪnən] 美[fəˈnɑːmɪnən]

n. 现象；杰出的人

变形

复数：phenomena

双语例句

Mechanism research of the phenomenon, of hydraulic shock in hydraulic

driving reciprocating pump.

对液压驱动往复泵冲击现象进行了机理研究.

s say the El Nino is becoming a new phenomenon called the La Nina.

据专家说,现在厄尔尼诺正转变成一个新的现象,叫做拉尼娜.

phenomenon has been observed experimentally.

这一现象进行过实验性观察.

4：marine

英[məˈriːn] 美[məˈriːn]

adj. 海洋的；海产的；海军的；海船的

n. 海军陆战队士兵

变形

复数：marines

双语例句

which point did you get into a verbal altercation with the two Marine

captains?

在什么情况下你和两个海军陆战队上校发生了口角?

2.I'm a marine engineer.

我是船舶机械师.

leopard seal is one of the Antarctic fiercest marine predators.

豹海豹是北极最凶猛的海洋捕食者之一.

5：organism

英[ˈɔːɡənɪzəm] 美[ˈɔːrɡənɪzəm]

n. 有机体；生物体；微生物；有机体系，有机组织

变形

复数：organisms

双语例句

nouns denote the physical organism of a person or an animal.

这些名词都表示人或动物的身体组织.

complete set of genes for an organism is called its genome.

一个有机体的全套基因称为它的基因组.

must always point from an organism to its consumer and not the opposite

direction.

它一定要由一只生物指向它的消费者而不能指向相反方向.

6：colourful

英[ˈkʌləfl] 美[ˈkʌlərfl]

adj. 颜色鲜艳的；有趣的；粗鲁的

双语例句

is most colourful in autumn.

秋天,大自然的色彩最为丰富.

hope is to lead a colourful life.

她的愿望是过一种多姿多彩的生活.

launched out into a colourful description of his journey.

他开始绘声绘色地叙述他的旅行见闻.

7：pattern

英[ˈpætn] 美[ˈpætərn]

n. 模式；范例；图案；模型；样品

v. 构成图案；使形成

变形

过去分词：patterned

现在分词：patterning

过去式：patterned

复数：patterns

第三人称单数：patterns

双语例句

the blue wool onto the end of the gold pattern and work the same stitches

into the back.

在这金色图案边缘织上蓝毛线,在背面也用同样的方法来织.

checks are small in this pattern.

这图案中的方格太小.

's a pattern of all the virtues.

她是一切美德的楷模.

8：concentration

英[ˌkɒnsnˈtreɪʃn] 美[ˌkɑːnsnˈtreɪʃn]

n. 全神贯注；浓度；专注

变形

复数：concentrations

双语例句

computing methods of rainfall input and runoff flow concentration in grid

elements are discussed deeply.

深入探讨了单元网格的降雨输入和产汇流计算方法.

lery wastewater was typical organic wastewater with high ammonia

concentration.

酿酒废水是一种典型的高氨氮浓度的有机废水.

has great powers of concentration.

他注意力很集中.

9：fuel

英[ˈfjuːəl] 美[ˈfjuːəl]

n. 燃料；刺激物

v. 刺激；加剧；加燃料

变形

过去分词：fuelled

现在分词：fuelling

过去式：fuelled

复数：fuels

第三人称单数：fuels

双语例句

1.A new method of fuel injection was developed during the war.

一种新的注油方法在战争期间发展起来.

is a severe shortage of fuel.

燃料严重短缺.

must economize on fuel.

我们必须节约燃料.

10：appearance

英[əˈpɪərəns] 美[əˈpɪrəns]

n. 外表；（突然）到来，出现；问世；露面，演出，出庭；表现

变形

复数：appearances

双语例句

are similar in appearance.

他们在外貌上相似.

was very tense, but she preserved an appearance of nonchalance.

她内心很紧张, 可外表却装着满不在乎的样子.

s for their appearance has been duly issued.

要他们出庭的传票已及时发出.

11：regulate

英[ˈreɡjuleɪt] 美[ˈreɡjuleɪt]

v. 控制；调节；管理

变形

过去分词：regulated

现在分词：regulating

过去式：regulated

第三人称单数：regulates

双语例句

system can regulate the temperature of the room.

这种系统能调节室内温度.

will protect lawful incomes, regulate excessively high incomes and ban

illegal gains.

保护合法收入, 调节过高收入,取缔非法收入.

ng bars are a hazard to navigation and expensive to regulate.

移动沙洲将危害通航,而且要花费资金进行整治.

12：trend

英[trend] 美[trend]

n. 趋势，倾向；规范，风尚

变形

复数：trends

双语例句

was a bullish trend in the market.

市场行情有上涨趋势.

rise in violent crime is a disturbing new trend.

暴力犯罪的上升是一种令人担忧的新趋势.

general trend under heaven is that there is bound to be unification after

prolonged division and division after prolonged unification.

天下大势,分久必合,合久必分.

13：nutrient

英[ˈnjuːtriənt] 美[ˈnuːtriənt]

n. 营养物，营养品，养分，养料；滋养物

变形

复数：nutrients

双语例句

supply flower disc makes the nutrient that upside lamina makes in the

seed is formed.

中上部叶片制造的养分主要供给花盘促使种子形成.

most western countries, serious nutrient deficiencies are rare.

在大多数西方国家, 严重的营养不良很少见.

s and nutrient accumulation of poplar plantation on beach land in

Yangtse River in Anhui province.

与安徽长江滩地杨树人工林生物量和养分积累>>相似的文献.

14：multiple

英[ˈmʌltɪpl] 美[ˈmʌltɪpl]

adj. 多重的；多个的；复杂的；多功能的

n. 倍数；[电工学]并联；连锁商店；下有多个分社的旅行社

变形

复数：multiples

双语例句

le service management plans may be used in place of one large plan or

programme.

多服务管理计划或许可以被用在大型计划或者编程的场合.

2.A multiple crash can often be seen on that motorway.

那条公路上的联环撞车事故很多.

there is no simple single or multiple factor explanation of domestic or

international business fluctuations.

有没有一个简单的单个或多个因素的解释是国内的还是国际商业波动的影响.

15:survive

英[səˈvaɪv] 美[sərˈvaɪv]

v. 生存，存活；幸存；艰难度过；比…活得久

变形

过去分词：survived

现在分词：surviving

过去式：survived

第三人称单数：survives

双语例句

anyone survive the explosion?

那次爆炸事故中有人幸免 吗 ?

turned to prostitution in order to survive.

有些人为了生存而开始卖身.

infantile actions survive into adulthood.

某些婴儿期的行为一直保持到成年期.

三：阅读训练

There is more of a connection between food and culture than you may think. On

an individual level, we grow up eating the food of our culture. It becomes a part of

who we are. Many associate food from our childhood with warm feelings and good

memories and it ties us to our family, holding a special and personal value for us.

Food from our family often becomes the comfort food we seek as adults in times of

frustration and stress.

On a large scale, traditional food is an important part of culture. It also operates

as an expression of culture identity. Immigrants bring it wherever they go, and it is a

symbol of pride for their culture and means of coping with homesickness.

Many immigrants open their own restaurants and serve traditional dishes.

However, the food does not remain exactly the same. Some materials needed to make

traditional dishes may not be readily available, so the taste and flavor can be different

from what they would prepare in their home countries. Additionally, immigrants do

not only sell dishes to people from the same countries as them, but to people from

different countries. Therefore, they have to make small changes about the original

dishes to cater to a wider range of customers. Those changes can create new flavors

that still keep the cultural significance of the dishes.

Not only should we embrace our heritage(传统) through our culture’s food but

also become more informed about other cultures by trying their food. It is important

to remember that each dish has a special place in the culture to which it belongs, and

is special to those who prepare it. Food is a window into culture, and it should be

treated as such.

’s the function of food mentioned in the article?

help motivate homesickness.

show national identity.

reflect a country’s history.

show a community’s superiority.

does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

specific traditional food.

national culture.

C.A traditional expression of food.

old-fashioned taste.

do some immigrants have to change the original dishes in their restaurants?

attach cultural importance to their dishes.

announce the beginning of their life on foreign soil.

make the dishes popular among customers.

present their own food culture in a new way.

’s the author’s attitude towards different food cultures?

ve.

ed. .

geable.

答案

[语篇解读] 本文是说明文,介绍了食物和文化之间的密切联系,强调了食物在文化中的重要作用。

1.B 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“It also operates as an expression of

culture identity.”可知,食物的作用是显示民族特征,故答案选B。

2.A 推理判断题。根据第二段画线的it前的内容可知,it代指traditional

food,故答案选A。

3.C 细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句“Therefore, they have to make

small changes about the original dishes to cater to a wider range of customers.”可知,移民们改变餐馆里的菜是为了满足更多顾客的需求,故答案选C。

4.B 观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可知,每种食物在它所在的文化中都有一个特殊的地位,因此作者的态度是保持平衡的(balanced),故答案选B。negative消极的;unfair不公平的;unchangeable不可改变的。