新高考英语读后续写能力提升微讲座:读后续写微讲座四读精(精析语言

读后续写微讲座四：读精(精析语言)

距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！

养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。

Ⅰ 外刊输入——悟语言之道

Mother Nature Always Has a Surprise for Us Up Her Sleeve

When Mother Nature decides to unleash (发泄) her anger, there's very little we

can do except deal with it.

In the past year, a series of natural disasters has shocked the imagination and

reminded us of our human limitations. There have been floods, droughts and big

earthquakes. They've shaken our senses as they've affected big cities and small

villages.

And now a volcano on Iceland erupts. After being inactive for almost 200 years,

it has been emitting (喷发) balls of fire, ice and a giant cloud of ash that has paralyzed

much of European air travel. It seems as if the sky was covered by a black curtain!

What's worse, the air feels difficult to breathe. The authorities called on people to

avoid activities in the open air.

With all of our attempts to tame (驯服) or predict nature, we often find ourselves

caught off guard when “acts of God” challenge our understanding.

We put our trust in our dams and levees (堤岸), early warning systems and

modern­day weather radar and the manpower we summon (召集) when

uncontrollable forces strike us with an intense fierceness.

Most often we can only respond to disaster rather than prevent the emergency.

We suffer the destruction, death and shortage of essential supplies. We have no

choice but to try our best to rescue as many as possible, bury the dead, rebuild from

the ruins and move on.

Nature will always remind us that as long as we are on this Earth we will have to

deal with this planet's characteristics (特性) —its winds and waves, its fires and rain,

and its quakes and eruptions. We must accept its natural order and disorder so that we

can survive.

When we start to get a little full of ourselves or attach too much importance to

our small accomplishments, remember that a little volcano (whose name most of us

can't even pronounce) sitting on a little island in the North Atlantic forces us to sit still

in total wonderment or even sweep away what we own now.

1.重点词汇再现

(1)disaster n.

(2)shock vt.

(3)flood n.

(4)drought n.

(5)affect vt.

灾害

(使)震惊

洪水

旱灾

侵袭

(6)volcano n.

(7)erupt vi.

(8)breathe vi.

(9)in the open air

(10)strike v.

(11)emergency n.

(12)death n.

(13)supply n.

(14)rescue v.

(15)bury vt.

(16)ruin n.

(17)survive vi.

(18)sweep away

火山

(火山)爆发

呼吸

在户外

侵袭

紧急情况

死亡

补给品

营救

埋葬

废墟

存活；生存

消灭

2．经典句型再现：as if引导表语从句

It seems as if the sky was covered by a black curtain!

天空看起来好像被黑色的窗帘遮住了！

Ⅱ 迷你语料库(Mini Corpus)

序号

佳句呈现

Strange things were happening

1

in the countryside of

northeastern Hebei.

Chickens and even pigs were

2

too nervous to eat, and dogs

refused to go inside buildings.

At about 3：00 a．m., on 28 July

1976, bright lights were seen in

描写灾难前发生的异常情况：3

the sky outside the city of

Tangshan and loud noises were

heard.

出现亮光和不明原因的噪声。句中使用了并列的被动结构。

赏析

描写灾难前的场景。特别注意in the countryside 中使用定冠词the。

描写灾难发生前的动物异常情况。其中运用“”结构，意为“太……以至于(不能)……”

4

At 3：42 a．m., everything

began to shake.

It seemed as if the world were

coming to an end！

Nearly one third of the whole

nation felt it！

A huge crack, eight kilometres

概括性描述灾难的开始。

概括性描述灾难的严重后果。句中as if引导表语从句。

描述灾难的严重性。

5

6

7

long and 30 metres wide, cut

across houses, roads, and

waterways.

描述地震时地面裂开的场景。

描述地震中山被震碎的场景，8

Hard hills of rock became

rivers of dirt.

In less than one minute, a large

city lay in ruins.

Two thirds of the people who

10

lived there were dead or

injured. Thousands of children

were left without parents.

11

续 表

序号

佳句呈现

Bricks covered the ground like

12

red autumn leaves, but no wind

could blow them away.

赏析

描述灾难之后，房屋倒塌，红砖落地如红色秋叶，满目疮痍。句子运用了比喻这一修辞手法。

13

People were in shock.

Water, food, and electricity

were hard to get.

描述灾难之后，人们的心理状况。

描述灾难之后断水、断电、断Everywhere survivors looked,

there was nothing but ruins.

表示地震的严重程度。句子运用了比喻这一修辞手法。

概括性描述灾难的严重性。

描述灾难造成的人员伤亡。第二句是“leave＋宾语＋宾补”结构的被动形式。

从幸存者的角度描述灾难的严重后果。

9

14

粮的场景。

15

People began to wonder how

long the disaster would last.

Soon after the quakes, the army

sent 150，000 soldiers to

16

Tangshan to dig out those who

were trapped and to bury the

dead.

More than 10，000 doctors and

17

nurses came to provide medical

care.

Workers built shelters for

18

survivors whose homes had

been destroyed.

Hundreds of thousands of

19

people were helped. Water and

描述积极救助之后，城市逐渐food were brought into the city

by train, truck, and plane.

概括性描述积极救助之后，城20

Slowly, the city began to

breathe again.

市恢复的场景。句子运用了“拟人”这一修辞手法。

概括性描述积极救助之后，城21

Tangshan started to revive itself

and get back up on its feet.

With strong support from the

government and the tireless

22

efforts of the city's people, a

new Tangshan was built upon

the earthquake ruins.

23

In times of disaster, people

must unify and show the

是文章升华处的描写。表明大家只有靠团结和智慧，才能够描述在大家的共同努力下，灾后重建取得成功的场景。

市恢复的场景。句子运用了“拟人”这一修辞手法。

恢复的场景。

描述灾难之后，医护人员积极救助的场景。

描述灾难之后，工人们积极帮助幸存者、提供庇护所的场景。

描述灾难之后，军队士兵积极救助的场景。

描述灾难之后人们惶恐不安的心情。

wisdom to stay positive and

rebuild for a brighter future.

Fishermen, tourists, hotels,

homes, and cars were swept

24

away by huge waves caused by

the strong earthquake that

reached a magnitude of 9.0.

I was having breakfast with my

25

three children when water

started filling my home.

26

We had to leave everything and

run to safety.

Foreign aid is being organised

for the tsunami-hit countries.

However, dangerous conditions

28

and damaged roads will make it

difficult to deliver food and

supplies.

成功地进行灾后重建。

细节描述地震的严重程度。

运用了“when”句型，表示灾难发生的突然。

描写灾难发生的突然性。

描述灾后国际合作救援的场景。

描写灾后救援会遇到的困难。运用了“make ＋it＋宾补＋to do sth.”结构。

27

Ⅲ 读后续写入门篇：读精——精析语言(Analyze the language)

做读后续写时，为了保持所写的内容和语言与原文的连贯性和一致性，需要通过回读原文，利用 “拉平效应”， 创造性地模仿和使用语言，从而提高写作的效率和流畅度。

分析语篇，可以从五个方面理解原文的语言运用技巧：

1．场景描写(Surroundings)

场景描写包括人、物、事发生的时间、地点、自然环境及社会场景等。场景描写可以充当背景信息，提供人、物、事发生的具体情景设定。其次，场景描写可以表达角色的感情、情绪，可以随着情节的发展有所变化，甚至可以提示、推动情节的发展，增强语篇的代入感。

2．动作描写(Action)

动作描写指的是描写人物在具体情况下的行为举止，是情节发展的具体体现。

恰到好处的动作描写不仅可以塑造生动形象的人物，还可以反应人物的情感态度及心理变化，并最终反映人物的性格特点及思想品质。

3．心理描写(Feelings)

心理描写指的是描写人物在具体情况下的看法、感受、情感及心理活动，并由此反映人物的性格特点及思想品质。心理描写除了对心理的直接描写，还可以结合动作描写及场景描写，共同构建连贯紧凑的语篇。

4．有效对话(Effective dialogue)

有效对话是记叙文中塑造人物的一个重要手段。对话的有效性首先表现在符合人物设定。这样的对话不仅能够有效地推动情节的发展，而且能够增加叙述的生动性。此外，对话语言也要符合记叙文的语言特点——生活化、简化及去书面化。

5．修辞(Figure of speech)

修辞是增加语言生动性的最佳手段。可以引起共鸣，使抽象的情境具体化。常见的修辞手法：比喻、拟人、夸张、排比。

【典题精析】

阅读下面的材料，完成以下任务。

When there was news that a storm was coming, Sarah didn't think much about it.

She simply shrugged it off like any other normal day. When she went to the grocery

store and saw that it was full, she still didn't worry.

People inside ran like mad between aisles (过道), grabbing what they could.

More people were crowding in, pushing each other. Even more were waiting outside,

trying to make their way into the store. Bare shelves and long lines made Sarah

chuckle(咯咯笑).They must be overreacting, she thought.

On her way home, she looked overhead. Dark clouds were indeed forming. And

they seemed to be running quickly across the sky. Still, Sarah was not bothered. The

rain would be nice since it had been warm lately.

When she got home, Sarah made popcorn and sat on the sofa with her dog,

Cooper, and got ready to watch a movie. Just as she hit play on the remote(遥控器),

she heard the thunder, as loud as a bomb. Rain started to come down hard, making it

almost impossible to see the trees in her front yard through the window. Cooper

immediately jumped from the sofa, barking in fear in the corner.

“It's OK.” Sarah said. She moved to one side and saw Cooper looked a bit

nervous. Sarah turned off the movie and instead skipped to the local news station. The

storm was much more serious than she had thought. People in a nearby city even said

they spotted a tornado. The reporter advised people to stay inside and secure all of the

doors and windows.

Sarah got up and began making her way around the house. Cooper followed

close behind as she checked all of the windows to make sure they were all fully closed.

By the time she got back to her sofa, the rain had stopped.“That wasn't so bad，”

Sarah said aloud.“Just a nice shower.”

She turned to Cooper, who had gone back to the corner and still looked a bit

frightened. She looked outside. It was actually very calm, but she could see that the

wind was picking up. The branches of the trees were dancing wildly and the garbage

bin had tipped over.

1．场景描写(Surroundings)

请选出以下场景描写的作用。

A．介绍发生的时间

B．介绍发生的地点

C．介绍发生的自然环境

D．介绍发生的社会场景

E．推动情节发展

F．表达感情

(1)When there was news that a storm was coming, Sarah didn't think much about

it. A

(2)When she went to the grocery store and saw that it was full, she still didn't

worry. B

(3)Bare shelves and long lines made Sarah chuckle. D

(4)Rain started to come down hard, making it almost impossible to see the trees

in her front yard through the window. C

(5)And they seemed to be running quickly across the sky. Still, Sarah was not

bothered. F

(6)The branches of the trees were dancing wildly and the garbage bin had tipped

over. E

2．动作描写(Action)

(1)请选出以下动作描写的作用。

A．反映人物的形象

B．反映人物的情感态度

C．反映人物的心理变化

D．反映人物的性格特点及思想品质

①She simply shrugged it off like any other normal day. B

②When she got home, Sarah made popcorn and sat on the sofa with her dog,

Cooper, and got ready to watch a movie. A

③Sarah turned off the movie and instead skipped to the local news station. C

④Sarah got up and began making her way around the house. Cooper followed

close behind as she checked all of the windows to make sure they were all fully closed.

D

⑤She turned to Cooper, who had gone back to the corner and still looked a bit

frightened. She looked outside. C

(2)例④反映了萨拉什么性格特点？

反映了萨拉能够全面周到地考虑到各个方面， 并且遇到问题能够做出积极的应对。

3．心理描写(Feelings)

请选出以下句子用什么手法描写心理活动。

A．动词直接描述心理活动

B．动作体现心理活动

C．场景描写衬托心理活动

D．间接引语体现心理活动

(1)...she still didn't worry. A

(2)They must be overreacting, she thought. D

(3)Still, Sarah was not bothered. The rain would be nice since it had been warm

lately. C

(4)Cooper followed B

4．有效对话(Effective dialogue)

找出文章中的对话，并体会其有效性。

5．修辞(Figure of speech)

请选出以下句子用了什么修辞手法。

A．比喻 B．拟人 C．夸张 D．排比

(1)People inside ran like mad between aisles (过道), grabbing what they could. C

(2)And they seemed to be running quickly across the sky. B

(3)Just as she hit play on the remote (遥控器), she heard the thunder, as loud as a

bomb. A

(4)People inside ran like mad between aisles (过道), grabbing what they could.

More people were crowding in, pushing each other. Even more were waiting outside,

trying to make their way into the store. D

高考质量提升是一项系统工程，涉及到多个方面、各个维度，关键是要抓住重点、以点带面、全面突破，收到事半功倍的效果。

一、备考策略务必精准

高三备考的不同阶段，目标和任务各不相同，就像打仗一样，攻克不同的山头有不同的打法，只有抓住要领，才能打赢主动仗。一是细化“作战地图”。从现在到一模考试前，主要任务是过课本、串教材，把基础知识再夯实，为专题复习奠定坚实基础。各学科组教师要认真学习新课程、新课标、《中国考试评价体系及说明》和近三年高考原题，把高考考点和试题变化点做成“作战地图”，平

时考试、练习要对照“作战地图”进行选题，并在“作战地图”上一一标注，确保考点训练无死角、考点覆盖无遗漏。二是组织集体攻坚。发挥学科组集体备考的优势，学科组内任务分解、责任到人，每次考试变式训练的预测由组长把关。学科组坚持“一课一研”、“一考一研”，新老教师步调一致，节奏有序，充分发挥分工协作的集体教研智慧。三是找准学科增分点。认真研究本省、本市、本校近年来的高考数据，细化到每一个知识点的得失分情况，找准突破点和增分点，有目的进行专项训练和突破提升。英语的阅读理解和小作文、语文的古文分析和作文、理科的做题速度、文科的答题思路等，都要制定详细的训练方案和突破的方法策略，在实践中调整提升，打破制约瓶颈，找到质量提升的突破口。

二、课堂教学务必高效。课堂是教育教学是主阵地。高三年级教学时间紧，教学任务重，更要切实发挥课堂40分钟的作用。一是上好微专题课。春节前后，一轮复习进入后期，学生不会的知识点逐步浮出水面。这些薄弱知识点如果解决不好，将直接影响到二轮复习的效果。高三年级要围绕浮现出来的问题，上好微专题或微微专题课，针对某一个点或几个点精讲、讲透，触类旁通。微专题课怎么上？可以针对学生不会的问题，每节课重点解决1-2个知识点，专题强调，专点训练，不贪多，顺一个点“追祖宗八代”，剖析透!微微专题，则更精、更准、更小、更有效，可以一节课只讲一道题，但是要把这一道题挖深、挖透，讲透一个会一类，做会一题能举一反三。二是上好试卷讲评课。试卷讲评课是高三的主打课型，必须切实收到实效。首先，要精确掌握考情。考试不过夜，打铁要趁热，每次考试以后，要对班级考试情况了如指掌，充分了解易错点、易考点，这样讲评时，才能有所侧重，才能有针对性地攻克重难点。其次，要规范讲评流程。针对错误率高或重点考察的试题，教师引导出方法思路；再由学生个人进行自评自纠，小组讨论展示，找出得分原因和失分原因，真正弄清楚解题思路。师生合作

再对解题思路进行再归纳总结，写到纸上记录下来，强化验证结果。三是克服“漏斗思维”。所谓“漏斗思维”，就是：今天正在学，突然有事不继续了，明天已经忘记一大部分，后天想起来，继续学，但是忘记的一大部分似乎又需要重新开始，周而复始，积累数月，结果是仅仅只有一点点的内容，而且是在同一个地方循环往复。对于常错、常考的知识点，要经常复习，要不就如同漏斗一样慢慢溜掉。尤其是对于已经进行过的专题训练、变式训练，不能认为进行过一次、两次就万事大吉，要每隔2周进行“回头看”，把学生的易错题重新编辑，归类整理后附上分析讲解印发给学生，克服漏斗思维，反复夯实专题训练的知识点。

三、学生训练务必得法。教师的教学能力最终要转化为学生的学习能力，对高三学生而言，就是要通过训练转化为学生的答题能力。一是严格限时训练。限时训练就是让学生在规定时间内做完训练题目，既训练速度，又锻炼准确度。限时训练可短可长，可以是课前十分钟，可以是一节课，但必须坚决做到即练即评，长期坚持，通过教师评阅提升学生答题速度和效度，做到日日清，周周清，月月清，适应高考临场答题要求。二是严格规范答题。要认真研究高考原题和高考答案，根据学生的答题情况认真进行比对。要把学生在考试时的原生态答卷原汁原味地展示出来，再让学生自己对照答案进行打分、评价，找出与标准答案的差距，小组内相互交流、讨论，制定答题标准模板，保证将来一分不丢。三是突出变式训练。对于临界生的典型错题或遗漏知识点，要进行变式训练，一题多变进行训练，把错题作为“母题”，至少进行一题五变以上，让学生写出每道题的解题思路，最后总结出此类变式的特点和解题入手点。教师必须要把变式训练当做作业认真批改，带领学生共同验证解题思路，形成答题的基本思路。四是落实“作业自助餐”。对学生要进行分类指导，不能一刀切，尤其是对于清北临界生和一本临界生，学校应高度重视临界生转化工作。要把握好临界生的学科短板，制定好

辅导、转化和提升的具体措施，要实行面批面改，落实“作业自助餐”。针对不同的高频错题，由教师分别独立设置变式训练题，也就是A错题出至少5道变式训练，独立印刷；B错题再出5道变式训练，独立印刷；C错题也出5道变式训练，独立印刷；学生可以根据自己的错题，自主领取对应的变式训练题，通过针对性训练补齐学科或知识短板，提升整体备考效益。五是强化精神激励。高三学生学习任务重，压力大，师生缺乏必要交流，学生容易出现心理焦虑、缺乏归属感等心理问题。为此，要对高三年级学生多鼓励，多表扬。大人总想听好听话，学生也是如此，越是鼓励越有劲，因老师的一句话、一个眼神而改变一生命运的事例不胜枚举。教师要不吝赞美，从情绪上、从情感上调动学生学习积极性。

高考前30天冲刺复习方法：

英语

一、英语听力：要坚持每天听1、调整并保持听力状态很重要。建议考前，考生要保持每天20分钟的听力练习量。

2、真题最好反复演练。最后的30天，主要应该听去年各省市的高考听力试题和仿真度比较高的今年各市一模、二模试题。

3、听写训练。做一些真题的听写训练。基本方法，先整体听一遍，然后听一句写一句，坚持听写完为止，然后再对照原文，检查自己错在哪里。另外值得一提的是，在正式考试中，做完所有听力20道选择题后，一般来说，没有百分之百的把握，不要轻易改动第一次做好的答案。据统计，第一次选择往往比改动后的选择更可靠。

二、词汇语法：坚持每天复习一部分

在单项选择题上，适当做题是必要的，但不要采用题海战术。匀些时间看以前的听课笔记、讲义、以前做错的题目(错题集)也是复习该题型很好的方法。尤其要把做过的一些题，特别是错题，反复地看，同时简单的题要总结规律，难题记死记牢即可。要重视语境题、时态题、动词短语相关的单选题。关于语法，最近几年的高考在淡化语法，但并不是完全不考，而是以交际的方式考查，所以复习语法专题的同时要注意交际方面的问题，要特别注意从语境和语意中来解决语法问题。语法重点要掌握时态、非谓语动词以及定语从句三大块的内容。

三、完形填空：每天要保证做一篇1、培养语感。如何来培养语感呢？这里给同学们提一个成功学生使用过的、正确提高语感的方法：把去年的所有完形填空题正确答案填上，然后大声朗读，不要求背诵但是至少要能做到熟练朗读。在朗读中，慢慢领悟。

2、坚持训练。每天要保证做一篇，这是量上的一个要求。还要把做错的做出标记，重点记忆。应重视文章的整体性和逻辑性。完形填空的过程就是由已知信息推出未知信息的过程。

四、阅读理解：重中之重

阅读理解是高考的重头戏，提高成绩，阅读理解是关键。考试临近也要坚持阅读。与其陷入题海，不如抽出20-30分钟阅读英文篇章。

1、阅读训练不停歇。在冲刺阶段，应多进行一些限时训练，通常每五篇阅读材料作为一组，在35到40分钟里完成。这样既可以保证考场上充沛的阅读精力和体力，又可以营造考试的氛围，还提高了阅读速度。

2、阅读文章要复习。提倡在复习阅读的过程中对三点进行注意：单词、语法点以及复杂句。平时的阅读复习，在做完题目后要坚持每天读过几篇后，认真分析1-2篇。

3、把过去老出现错误的归纳一下，看哪类题自己容易错，重点对付该类题。需要注意的是读文章应力求题材多样化，科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等，但如果生词太多，影响理解或过于难懂的文章，则不应花更多的时间。

五、对话填空，认真练习应该比短文改错更容易拿分

对话填空要填写的十个单词本身不会太难拼写，不会超过2000单词表，所以虽然是新题型也不必恐惧。其实质上也是一种完形填空题，解题关键是要对所给的对话有一个整体把握，通读全篇对话，弄清谈话的语境及内容。

六、作文：考前至少精练10篇

重点背一些连词和英语固定表达的句型，以及常用的短语和有特点的动词词组。在写作的时候可以采用一些写作的套路。每次写作前问自己四个问题：这篇文章的体裁格式是怎样的？主体时态用什么时态？人称用第几人称？可以分几段，之间用什么过渡词、连接词？带着这四个问题去审题，搞清楚文章的主要内容，然后列出提纲。最后丰富自己的提纲就可以了。