英语四级翻译常用词汇及基本句型

英语四级段落翻译常用词汇：中国历史与文化

京剧 Peking opera

秦腔 Qin opera

功夫Kungfo

太极Tai Chi

口 技 ventriloquism

木偶戏puppet show

皮影戏 shadowplay

折子戏 opera highlights

杂技 acrobatics

相声 witty dialogue comedy

刺绣 embroidery

苏绣 Suzhou embroidery

泥人 clay figure

书法 calligraphy

中国画 traditional Chinese painting

水墨画 Chinese brush painting

中国结 Chinese knot

中国古代四大发明 the four great inventions of ancient China

火药 gunpowder

印刷术printing

造纸术 paper-making

指南针 the compass

青铜器 bronze ware

瓷器 porcelain; china

唐三彩 tri-color glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty

景泰蓝cloisonne

秋千swing

武术 martial arts

儒家思想Confucianism

儒家文化 Confucian culture

道教 Taoism

墨家Mohism

法家 Legalism

佛教 Buddhism

孔子 Confucius

孟子 Mencius

老子 Lao Tzu

庄子 Chuang Tzu

墨子 Mo Tzu

孙子Sun Tzu

象形文字 pictographic characters

文房四宝（笔墨纸观）the Four Treasures of the Study (brush, ink stick, paper, and ink stone)

《大学》The Great Learning

《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean

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《论语》The Analects of Confucius

《孟子》The Mencius

《孙子兵法》The Art of War

《三国演义》Three Kingdoms

《西游爷己》Journey to the West

《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Mansions

《水浒传》Heroes of the Marshes

《山海经》The Classic of Mountains and Rivers

《资治通鉴》History as a Mirror

《春秋》The Spring and Autumn Annals

《史记》Historical Records

《诗经》The Book of Songs

《易经》The I Ching; The Book of Changes

《礼记》The Book of Rites

《三字经》Three-character Scriptures

八股文 eight-part essay

五言绝句 five-character quatrain

七言律诗 seven-character octave

旗袍 cheongsam

中山装 Chinese tunic suit

唐装 Tang suit

风水 Fengshui; geomantic omen

阳历 Solar calendar

阴历 Lunar calendar

闰年 leap year

十二生肖zodiac

春节 the Spring Festival

元宵节 the Lantern Festival

清明节 the Tomb-sweeping Day

端午节 the Dragon-boat Festival

中秋节 the Mid-autumn Day

重阳节 the Double-ninth Day

七夕节 the Double-seventh Day

春联 spring couplets

庙会 temple fair

爆竹 firecracker

年画（traditional) New Year pictures

压岁钱 New Year gift-money

舞龙dragon dance

元宵 sweet sticky rice dumplings

花灯 festival lantern

灯谜 lantern riddle

舞狮 lion dance

踩高跷 stilt walking

赛龙舟 dragon boat race

胡同hutong

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山东菜 Shandong cuisine

川菜 Sichuan cuisine

粤菜 Canton cuisine

扬州菜 Yangzhou cuisine

月饼 moon cake

年糕 rice cake

油条 deep-fried dough sticks

豆浆 soybean milk

馒头 steamed buns

花卷 steamed twisted rolls

包子 steamed stuffed buns

北京烤鸭 Beijing roast duck

拉面 hand-stretched noodles

馄饨 wonton (dumplings in soup)

豆腐 tofu? bean curd

麻花 fried dough twist

烧饼 clay oven rolls

皮蛋 100-year egg; century egg

蛋炒饭 fried rice with egg

糖葫芦 tomatoes on sticks

火锅hot pot

长城 the Great Wall of China

烽火台 beacon tower

秦士台皇陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Qinshihuang

兵马俑 Terracotta Warriors and Horses

大雁塔 Big Wild Goose Pagoda

丝绸之路the Silk Road

敦煌莫高窟Mogao Grottoes

华清池 Huaqing Hot Springs

五台山"Wutai Mountain

九华山 Jiuhua Mountain

蛾眉山Mount Emei

泰山 Mount Tai

黄山 Mount Huangshan; the Yellow Mountain

故宫 the Imperial Palace

天坛 the Temple of Heaven

午门 Meridian Gate

大运河 Grand Canal

护城河the Moat

回音壁Echo Wall

居庸关 Juyongguan Pass

九龙壁 the Nine Dragon Wall

黄帝陵 the Mausoleum of Emperor Huangdi

十三陵 the Ming Tombs

苏州园林 Suzhou gardens

西湖 West Lake

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九寨沟 Jiuzhaigou Valley

日月潭 Sun Moon Lake

布达拉宫Potala Palace

鼓楼 drum tower

四合院 quadrangle; courtyard complex

孔庙 Confucius Temple

乐山大佛 Leshan Giant Buddha

十八罗汉 the Eighteen Disciples of the Buddha

喇嘛Lama

英语四级段落翻译常用词汇：中国社会

多元文化论 cultural pluralism

文化适应 acculturation

社会保障 social security

班车 shuttle bus

相定迁户 a relocated unit or household

大龄青年 single youth above the normal matrimonial age

独生子女 the only child in a family

单亲 single parent

福利彩票 welfare lotteries

家政服务 household management service

民工 migrant laborers

名人 celebrity

农村剩余劳动力 surplus rural labor/laborers

青春期 puberty

全民健身运动 nationwide fitness campaign

全国人口普查 nationwide census

社会保险 social insurance

暂住证 temporary residence permit/card

青少年犯罪 juvenile delinquency

性骚扰 sexual harassment

走私 smuggling

*性别歧视 gender/sexual discrimination

年龄歧视 age discrimination

工作歧视 job discrimination

享乐主义hedonism

文盲 illiteracy

贫富分化 disparity between the rich and the poor

盗版 pirated/illegal copies

一国两制 One Country, Two Systems

三个代表 the Three Represents Theory

两会（人大、政协）Two Conferences (NPC and CPPCC)

南南合作 South-South Cooperation

南北对话 North-South Dialog

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人大常委会 People’s Congress Standing Committee

法制观念 awareness of law

法制国家 a country with an adequate legal system

改革开放 reform and opening-up

公务员 civil servants

官僚主义作风 the bureaucratic style of work

和谐并存 harmonious coexistence

计划生育 family planning

计划生育基本国策 the basic state policy of family planning

4青才申文明建设 the construction of spiritual civilization

居委会 neighborhood committee

科教兴国 national rejuvenation through science and education

可持续发展 sustainable development

廉洁高效 honesty and high efficiency

两岸关系 cross-straits relations

两岸谈判 cross-straits negotiations

领 土完整 territorial integrity

民族精神 national spirit

普选制 general election system

求同存异 seek common ground while shelving differences

人大代表NPC member

物质文明和精神文明 material and spiritual civilization

小康社会 a well-off society

小康水平 a well-off standard

一个中国原则 the one-China principle

与时俱进 keep pace with the times

综合国力 overall national strength

共同愿望common desire

“走出去”（战略）going global

不结盟 non-alignment

单边主义 unilateralism

多边政策 multilateralism

多极世界 multipolar world

人 口 老龄化 aging of population

人口出生率birth rate

社区月服务 community service

道德法庭 court of ethics

盗用公款embezzlement

成人夜校 night school for adults

在职进修班 on-job training courses

政治思想教育 political and ideological education

毕业生分酉己 graduate placement; assignment of graduate

充电 update one’s knowledge

初等教育 elementary education

大学城 college town

大学社区 college community

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高等教育 higher education

高等教育“211 工程” the “211 Project” for higher education

高等学府 institution of higher education

综合性大学 comprehensive university

文科院校 colleges of (liberal) arts

理工科大学 college / university of science and engineering

师范学院 teachers’ college; normal college

高分低能 high scores and low abilities

高考(university/college) entrance examination

高校扩招 the college expansion plan

教育界 education circle

教育投入 input in education

九年义务教育 nine-year compulsory education

考研 take the entrance exams for postgraduate schools

课外活动 extracurricular activities

必修课 required/compulsory course

选修课 elective/optional course

基础课 basic courses

专业课 specialized courses

课程表 school schedule

教学大纲 teaching program; syllabus

学习年限 period of schooling

学历 record of formal schooling

学分 credit

启发式教学 heuristic teaching

人才交流 talent exchange

人才战 competition for talented people

商务英语证书 Business English Certificate (BEC)

适龄儿重入学率 enrollment rate for children of school age

升学率 proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade; enrollment rate

英语四级段落翻译常用词汇：中国经济

总需求 aggregate demand

总供给 aggregate supply

企业文化 corporate/entrepreneurial culture

企业形象 corporate image (Cl); enterprise image

跨国公司 cross-national corporation

创业精神 enterprising spirit; pioneering spirit

外资企业 foreign-funded enterprise

猎头公司head-hunter

假日经济 holiday economy

人力资本human capital

航空和航天工业aerospace industry

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飞机制造工业aircraft industry

电子工业 electronic industry

汽车制造工业 car industry

娱乐业 entertainment industry

信息产业 information industry

知识密集型产业 knowledge-intensive industry

国有大中型企业 large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises

轻工业 light industry

博彩业 lottery industry

制造业 manufacturing industry

垄断行业 monopoly industries

市场多元化 market diversification

市场经济 market economy

市场监管 market supervision

购买力 purchasing power

熊市 bear market

牛市 bull market

城镇化 urbanization

房地产 real estate

首付 down-payment

业主 home owner

个人购房贷款 individual housing loan

经济全球化 economic globalization

经济特区 special economic zones (SEZ)

经济增长 economic growth

泡沫经济 bubble economy 关税tariff

纳税人tax payer

宏观经济macro economy

货币投放量 the size of money supply

流动性过剩excess liquidity

经济过热 overheated economy

通货膨胀inflation

抑制通货膨胀curb inflation

注入流动性 to inject liquidity

贴现率 discount rate

存款准备金率 reserve requirement ratio (RRR)

公开市场业务 open market operation (OMO)

逆回购 reverse repurchase agreement; reverse repo

引导降低市场借贷成本to guide the market borrowing costs to a lower level

稳健的货币政策prudent monetary policy

微调货币政策 to fine-tune monetary policy

硬着陆 hard landing

软着陆 soft landing

二十国集团 Group of Twenty (G2O)

财政部长 Finance Minister

全年预期经济增长目标the expected growth target for the whole year

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经济活力 economic vitality

大规模经济刺激计划 a massive economic stimulus package

结构改革 structural reform

硬资产 hard assets

软资产 soft assets

有形资产 tangible assets

经济走廊 economic corridor

整顿市场秩序 to rectify the market order

反垄断 antitrust; anti-monopoly

定价浮动 price fluctuations

谋求利益最大化 to maximize profit

债务审计audit of debt

地方性政府债务 local government debt/liability

公共财政体制改革 an overhaul of the public finance system

债务管理 debt management

信用支持 credit support

英语四级翻译中的基本句型：

1. 否定句型

1) 部分否定: all/ every/ both/ always etc. + not

2) 完全否定: no/ none/ nobody/ nothing/ nowhere/ neither/ never etc. + 谓语

3) 双重否定:

S + cannot + refrain from/ help + doing;忍不住…, 控制/ 抑制不住….

S + cannot + but/ choose but/ help but + do ; 不得不, 只好….

There be no + S + but <是关系代词> + 谓语.

Eg. There is no rule but has its exceptions.

2. 判断句型:

1) 强调判断句: S + be + no/ none + other than + 表语 ----

不是别的…, 正是 ….;

Nothing but/ other than …;

It is …. that ….

2) 正反判断句: not A but B; not that… but that ….;

not … because …., but because ….

3) 比较判断句: more A than B; less B than A; A rather than B; not so much A as B

Eg. It wasn’t so much the clothes as the man himself who impressed us immediately.立刻给我们以深刻印象的与其说是衣服还不如说是这人本身.

3.倍数表示句型

1) S + be/ v. + 倍数 + that of 被比较的对象;

+ n.

+ as + adj./ adv./ n. + as ..;

+ 比较级 + than …

Eg. ☆ China is twenty times the size of Japan.

☆ This year our factory has turned out three times as many bicycles as it did 10 years ago.

☆ The floor space of the new building is twice that of the old one.

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☆ The yield of wheat in 1996 was four times greater than that of 1966.

☆ Americans eat twice as much protein as they actually need.

4.比较句型:

☆ as …. as…; more/ less than…. No more/ less than ….;

☆ Would rather / sooner do A than do B

5. 程度句型:

☆ so/ such … + that – clause;

☆ so/ such … as to do …;

☆ too …. to do …

6. 倒装让步句型: as 表示 “虽然, 尽管” 时, 用倒装结构.

☆ 表语 + as + S + be, + 主句;

☆ 副词/ 动词 + as + S , + 主句

Eg.☆ Child/ Young as he is, he knows much bout the world.

☆ Try as we might, we could not accomplish it.

7. 作形式主语的常见句型:

☆ It is adj./ vi./ n./ done that ……

Eg. It’s possible/ It turns out/ It’s a pity/ It’s said that …..

虚拟语气：

在英语四级汉译英考生应该注意以下几种虚拟语气的形式：

（一）：由 “ if ”引导的虚拟句子

(1). 与现在的事实相反：[If --- + were/did---, --- + would do---]

If I were you , I would marry him.

如果我是你,就会嫁给他。

(2). 与过去的事实相反：[If --- + had done---, --- +would have done---]

If you had worked hard , you would have passed the exam.

果你用功学习,就会通过考试了。

(3). 与将来的事实可能相反：[If ---+ should do---, ---+ would do---]

If it should rain tomorrow , what would you do ?

如果明天下雨,你怎么办?

（二）用在表示要求、建议、命令等的名词从句中

从句谓语形式为：“---(should ) + do sth”(在美语中should常省去) 。

类似用法的动词有： insist (坚持) , suggest (建议) , order(命令) , propose (建议) , demand (要求) , command (命令) , advise (建议) , desire (要求请求) , request (请求) , require (需要、要求) , ask (要求) , prefer (宁愿),

recommend(推荐) , arrange ( 安排) , advocate ( 拥护、提倡) ,maintain(坚决主张)等后面的宾语从句中。

（三）用在“It + be + important (,necessary , natural , essential , strange , absurd , amazing , annoying , desirable,

surprising , vital , advisable , anxious , compulsory , crucial , imperative , eager , fitting , possible , impossible ,

improper , obligatory , probable , preferable , strange , urgent 等, 以及insisted , suggested , ordered , requested ,

arranged , recommended 等) + that ---”结构中的that 引导的主语从句中

（四）用在It is time that --- 结构中, 表示“该干某事了”, 含建议的意思, 用动词过去式。

It is time (that) we went to bed .咱们该睡觉了。

注意: time 前可加about (表示“大约”) 或high(表示“强调”) 等。

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