考研英语模拟试题及答案

考研英语模拟试题及答案

Section I Use of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered

blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

The head of a company that says it has produced the first human clone

said on Monday that the mother and baby were home following the child's

birth last week and genetic proof demanded by scientists and other

skeptics should be 1 in a week.

Brigitte Boisselier, chief executive of Clonaid, which is linked to

a group that 2 mankind was created by extraterrestrials, 3 to say whether

the 31-year-old American mother and her child were in the United States

or 4 .

Her claim to have cloned a human being last week drew 5 reaction from

experts 6 the field and she 7 no proof, 8 said that genetic testing was

9 for Tuesday.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration strongly opposes human cloning,

10 was showed in many occasions， said on Friday it was "taking steps to

11 " Clonaid's claim. It 12 the implantation of a cloned baby into a woman

is 13 in the United States14 FDA approval.

Clonaid was 15 by the creator of the Raelian Movement, a group 16

claims 55,000 17 around the world and 18 that life on Earth was sparked

by 19 who arrived 25,000 years ago and 20 humans through cloning.

1. [A] complicated [B] available [C] durable [D]disposable

2. [A] reports [B]intensifies [C] claims [D] believes

3. [A]denied [B] opposed [C] distinguished [D]declined

4. [A]anywhere [B]nowhere [C] otherwhere [D]elsewhere

5. [A] content [B] skeptical [C]critical [D]obvious

6. [A] in [B] on [C] upon [D]from

7. [A]indicated [B]manifested [C] offered [D]provided

8. [A] but [B] but also [C]although [D]despite of

9. [A] required [B]speculated [C] scheduled [D]disposed

10.[A]than [B]as [C] but [D]that

11.[A]look [B] inquire [C] investigate [D]study

12.[A] said [B] showed [C] is said [D]manifested

13.[A]improper [B] illogical [C] impossible [D] illegal

14.[A] from [B] without [C]against [D]under

15.[A] raised [B] founded [C] produced [D]manufactured

16.[A] which [B] that [C] what [D]unless

17.[A] participants [B] opponents [C] followers [D]counterparts

18.[A] asserts [B] estimated [C]announced [D]predicts

19.[A] materials [B] extraterrestrials [C] substances [D]things

20.[A] discovered [B]produced [C] created [D]invented

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:

Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text

by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (40 points)

TEXT 1

How should one read a book? In the first place, I want to emphasize

the question mark at the end of my beginning sentence. Even if I could

answer the question for myself, the answer would apply only to me and not

to you. The only advice, indeed, that one person can give another about

reading is to take no advice, to follow your own instincts, to use your

own reason, to come to your own conclusion. If this is agreed between us,

then I feel at liberty to put forward a few ideas and suggestions because

you will not allow them to restrict that independence which is the most

important quality that a reader can possess. After all, what laws can be

laid down about books? The battle of Waterloo was certainly fought on a

certain day; but is

Hamlet a better play than

Lear? Nobody can say. Each

must decide that question of himself. To admit authorities, however

heavily furred and gowned, into our libraries and let them tell us how

to read, what to read, what value to place upon what we read, is to destroy

the spirit of freedom which is the breath of those sanctuaries. Everywhere

else we may be bound by laws and conventions—there we have none.

But to enjoy freedom, if this old statement is pardonable, we have

of course to control ourselves. We must not waste our powers, helplessly

and ignorantly, spraying water around half the house in order to water

a single rose-bush; we must train them, exactly and powerfully, here on

the very spot. This, it may be, is one of the first difficulties that faces

us in a library. What is “the very spot”? There may well seem to be

nothing but a conglomeration and huddle of confusion. Poems and novels,

histories and memoirs, dictionaries and blue-books; books written in all

languages by men and women of all tempers, races, and ages jostle each

other on the shelf. And outside the donkey brays, the women gossip at the

pump, the colts gallop across the fields. Where are we to begin? How are

we to bring order into this multitudinous chaos and so get the deepest

and widest pleasure from what we read?

21. Which of the following is true about the question raised at the

beginning of the passage?

[A] The author does have a universally correct answer to the question.

[B] The author implies that she is not interested in the question.

[C] The author thinks there may be different answers to the question.

[D] The author wonders if there is any point in asking the question.

22. A good reader should, according to the author, be able to

[A] maintain his own viewpoints concerning reading.

[B] take advice from everybody instead of any one person.

[C] share his experiences in reading with others.

[D] take the suggestions other people give him.

23. In comparing

Hamlet with

Lear, the author means that

[A]

Hamlet is better than

Lear.

[B]

Hamlet is no any better than

Lear.

[C] Both plays are good works.

[D] There is no way to tell which is better.

24. To the author, the advice in reading given by authorities is

[A] the most important for readers.

[B] unlikely to be helpful to readers.

[C] our guidance in choosing what to read.

[D] only useful in the libraries.

25. What is “one of the first difficulties that faces us in a

library?” (Paragraph 2)

[A] We may become too excited to be quiet in the library.

[B] We do not make best use of the library books.

[C] We may get totally lost as to what to choose to read.

[D] We cannot concentrate on our reading in the library.

TEXT 2

Human migration: the term is vague. What people usually think of is

the permanent movement of people from one home to another. More broadly,

though, migration means all the ways—from the seasonal drift of

agricultural workers within a country to the relocation of refugees from

one country to another.

Migration is big, dangerous, compelling. It is 60 million Europeans

leaving home from the 16th to the 20th centuries. Migration is the dynamic

undertow of population change: everyone’s solution, everyone’s

conflict. As the century turns, migration, with its inevitable economic

and political turmoil, has been called “one of the greatest challenges

of the coming century.”

To demographer Kingsley Davis, two things made migration happen.

First, human beings, with their tools and language, could adapt to

different conditions without having to wait for evolution to make them

suitable for a new niche. Second, as populations grew, cultures began to

differ, and inequalities developed between groups. The first factor gave

us the keys to the door of any room on the planet; the other gave us reasons

to use them.

Over the centuries, as agriculture spread across the planet, people

moved toward places where metal was found and worked and to centres of

commerce that then became cities. Those places were, in turn, invaded and

overrun by people later generations called barbarians.

In between these storm surges were steadier but similarly profound

tides in which people moved out to colonize or were captured and brought

in as slaves. For a while the population of Athens, that city of legendary

enlightenment was as much as 35 percent slaves.

“What strikes me is how important migration is as a cause and effect

in the great world events.” Mark Miller, co-author of

The Age of Migration

and a professor of political science at the University of Delaware, told

me recently.

It is difficult to think of any great events that did not involve

migration. Religions spawned pilgrims or settlers; wars drove refugees

before them and made new land available for the conquerors; political

upheavals displaced thousands or millions; economic innovations drew

workers and entrepreneurs like magnets; environmental disasters like

famine or disease pushed their bedraggled survivors anywhere they could

replant hope.

“It’s part of our nature, this movement,” Miller said, “It’s just

a fact of the human condition.”

26. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT according to the

first three passage

[A] Migration exerts a great impact on population change.

[B] Migration contributes to Mankind’s progress.

[C] Migration brings about desirable and undesirable effects.

[D] Migration may not be accompanied by human conflicts.

27. According to Kingsley Davis, migration occurs as a result of the

following reasons EXCEPT .

[A] human adaptability

[B] human evolution

[C] cultural differences

[D] inter-group inequalities

28. Which of the following groups is NOT mentioned as migrants in the

passage?

[A] Farmers. [B] Workers. [C] Settlers. [D] Colonizers.

29. There seems to be a(n) relationship between great events and

migration.

[A] loose [B] indefinite [C] causal [D] remote

30. The author uses the example of Athens to show that .

[A] Athens was built mainly by slaves

[B] Athens enlightenment has nothing to do with slaves

[C] Slaves are too many at that time

[D] Migration never stopped even between big human conflicts

TEXT 3

Economies can get truly richer only through increased productivity

growth, either from technological advances or from more efficient

production thanks to international trade. Thus china’s integration into

the world economy genuinely creates wealth. The same cannot be said of

all the “wealth” produced by stock market or housing bubbles.

In recent years, many people around the world have found it easier

to make money from rising asset prices than from working. Roger Bootle,

the managing director of Capital Economics, a London consultancy, calls

this “money for nothing.” The surge in share prices in the late 1900s

boosted the shareholdings of American households by $7 trillion over four

years, equivalent to almost two years’ income from employment—without

requiring any effort. The value of those shares has since fallen, but the

drop has been more than offset by soaring house prices. Over the past four

years the value of homes in America has increased by more than $5 trillion,

making many Americans feel richer and less inclined to save. But much of

this new wealth is an illusion.

The first mistake, at the end of the 1990s, was to believe that shares

were actually worth their quoted price. The second mistake, today, is to

view higher house prices as increased wealth. A rise in share prices can,

in theory, reflect expected future gains in profits. The stock market boom

did reflect some genuine wealth creation in the shape of productivity

gains, however exaggerated they may have been. But rising house prices

do not represent an increase in wealth for a country as a whole. They merely

redistribute wealth to home-owners from non-home-owners who may hope to

buy in the future. Nevertheless the illusion of new-found wealth has

caused households as a whole to save less and spend and borrow more.

Historically low interest rates have fuelled housing bubbles in

America and many other countries around the globe. At some stage prices

will fall, obliging consumers to save much more and spend less. The

unwinding of America’s vast economic imbalances could depress growth

there for many years, whereas China’s slowdown looks likely to be fairly

brief.

Oddly enough, China may be partly to blame for this wealth illusion

in rich economies, because central bankers have been slow to grasp the

consequences of China’s rapid integration into the world economy. By

producing goods more cheaply and so helping to hold down inflation and

interest rates in rich economies, China may have indirectly encouraged

excessive credit creation and asset-price bubbles there. Inflation has

remained low, but excess liquidity now flows into the prices of houses

and shares rather than the prices of goods and services. And to keep its

exchange rate pegged to the dollar, China has been buying vast amounts

of American Treasury bonds, which has helped to depress bond yields and

mortgage rates, fuelling America’s property boom.

31. The best title of this passage may be

[A] New methods of Wealth production

[B] China is to blame for economic bubbles

[C] Western economies are not as rich as they seem to be

[D] Different economic growth roads

32. In the author’s mind, Roger Bootle’s point of view might be

[A] Strongly misleading [B] A bit too sarcastic [C] Totally

unacceptable [D] Nothing but truth

33. According to the author, the major difference between share price

rising and house price rising is

[A] stock markets can witness some real wealth accumulation while

house-price-rising cannot.

[B] stock markets have more bubbles.

[C] house-price-rising causes families to save less and to spend more.

[D] stock prices may go down but house prices seldom .

34. The word “brief” in the last line of the fourth paragraph may

probably mean

[A] not important [B] short in time [C] significant [D]

unnecessary

35. According to the passage, which of the following statements is

true

[A] Western central bankers are not well prepared for Chinese

integration into the world economy.

[B] China has been buying large amount of real estates so that American

property price booms.

[C] Since China exports products more cheaply, it will be a major

factor to counteract inflation.

[D] There are also house-price bubbles in China.

TEXT 4

As humankind moves into the third millennium, it can rightfully claim

to have broken new ground in its age-old quest to master the environment.

The fantastic achievements of modern technology and the speed at which

scientific discoveries are translated into technological applications

attest to the triumph of human endeavour．

At the same time, however, some of these applications threaten to

unleash forces over which we have no control. In other words, the new

technology Man now believes allows him to dominate this wider cosmos could

well be a Frankenstein monster waiting to turn on its master.

This is an entirely news situation that promises to change many of

the perceptions governing life on the planet. The most acute challenges

facing the future are likely to be not only those pitting man against his

fellow man, but those involving humankind’s struggle to preserve the

environment and ensure the sustainability of life on earth.

A conflict waged to ensure the survival of the human species is bound

to bring humans closer together. Technological progress has thus proved

to be a double-edged sword, giving rise to a new form of conflict: a clash

between Man and Nature.

The new conflict is more dangerous than the traditional one between

man and his fellow man, where the protagonists at least shared a common

language. But when it comes to the reactions of the ecosystems to the

onslaught of modern technology, there is no common language.

Nature reacts with weather disturbances, with storms and earthquakes,

with storms and earthquakes, with mutant viruses and bacteria—that is,

with phenomena having no apparent cause and effect relationship with the

modern technology that supposedly triggers them.

As technology becomes ever more potent and Nature reacts ever more

violently, there is an urgent need to rethink how best to deal with the

growing contradictions between Man and Nature.

For a start, the planet, and hence all its inhabitants, must be

perceived as an integral whole, not as a mass divided geographically into

the rich and developed and the poor and underdeveloped.

Today, globalization encompasses the whole world and deals with it

as an integral unit. It is no longer possible to say that conflict has

shifted from its traditional east-west axis to a north-south axis. The

real divide today is between summit and base, between state and civil

society.

The mesh structure is particularly obvious on the Internet. While it

is true that to date the Internet seems to be favouring the most developed

sectors of the international community over the less developed, this need

not always be the case. Indeed, it could eventually overcome the

disparities between the privileged and the underdeveloped.

On the other hand, the macro-word in which we live is exposed to

distortions because of the unpredictable side-effects of a micro-world

we do not and cannot totally control.

This raises the need for a global system of checks and balances, for

mandatory rules and constraints in our dealings with Nature, in short,

for a news type of veto designed to manage what is increasingly becoming

a main contradiction of our time: the one between technology and ecology.

A new type of international machinery must be set in place to cope

with the new challenges. We need a new look at the harnessing of scientific

discoveries, to maximize their positive effects for the promotion of

humanity as a whole and to minimize their negative effects. We need an

authority with veto powers to forbid practices conducive to decreasing

the ozone hole, the propagation of AIDS, global warming,

desertification—an authority that will tackle such global problems.

There should be no discontinuity in the global machinery responsible

for world order. The UN in its present form may fall far short of what

is required of it, and it may be undemocratic and detrimental to most

citizens in the world, but its absence would be worse. And so we have to

hold on to the international organization even as we push forward for its

complete restructuring.

Our best hope would be that the functions of the present United Nations

are gradually taken over by the new machinery of veto power representing

genuine democratic globalization.

36. The mention of Man’s victory over Nature at the beginning of the

passage is to highlight .

[A] a new creative powers [B] Man’s creative powers

[C] The role of modern technology [D] Man’s ground-breaking

work

37. According to the author, the current conflict is more dangerous

as

[A] nature will punish human beings more severely.

[B] man and nature cannot share the same communicative channel.

[C] technological advances are to be a double-edged sword.

[D] Human beings cannot unite together.

38. According to the passage, which is NOT a responsibility of the

proposed new international authority?

[A] Monitoring effects of scientific discoveries.

[B] Dealing with worldwide environmental issues.

[C] Vetoing human attempts to conquer Nature.

[D] Authorizing efforts to improve human health.

39. When commenting on the present role of the UN, the author expresses

his .

[A] dissatisfaction [B] disillusionment [C] objection [D]

doubt

40. The best title of this text may probably be

[A] Man and Nature: The Everlasting Conflict

[B] Mankind in the New Millennium

[C] UN Must Be Reformed

[D] New Approaches on Man-Nature Conflict: a More Powerful Global

Organization

Part B

Directions:

In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For

Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable paragraph from the list A-F to

fit into each of the numbered blank. There is one extra choice that does

not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

It's You may not know where your child is, but the chip does.

(41)____________________ Once paramedics arrive, the chip will also be

able to tell the rescue workers which drugs little Johnny or Janie is

allergic to. At the hospital, the chip will tell doctors his or her

complete medical history.

And of course, when you arrive to pick up your child, settling the

hospital bill with your health insurance policy will be a simple matter

of waving your own chip - the one embedded in your hand.

To some, this may sound far-fetched. But the technology for such chips

is no longer the stuff of science fiction. And it may soon offer many other

benefits besides locating lost children or elderly Alzheimer patients.

"Down the line, it could be used as credit cards and such," says Chris

Hables Gray, a professor of cultural studies of science and technology

at the University of Great Falls in Montana. "A lot of people won't have

to carry wallets anymore," he says. "What the implications are [for this

technology], in the long run, is profound."

(42)__________________________

"Any technology of this kind is easily abusive of personal privacy,"

says Lee Tien, senior staff attorney for the Electronic Frontier

Foundation. "If a kid is trackable, do you want other people to be able

to track your kid? It's a double-edged sword."

The research of embedding microchips isn't entirely new.

(43)________________

But Applied Digital Solutions, Inc. in Palm Beach, Fla., is one of

the latest to try and push the experiments beyond the realm of academic

research and into the hands - and bodies - of ordinary humans.

(44)_______________________When scanned by a nearby reader, the

embedded chip yields the data - say an ID number that links to a computer

database file containing more detailed information.

Most embedded chip designs are so-called passive chips which yield

information only when scanned by a nearby reader. But active chips - such

as the proposed Digital Angel of the future - will need to beam out

information all the time. (45)___________________

Another additional hurdle, developing tiny GPS receiver chips that

could be embedded yet still be sensitive enough to receive signals from

thousands of miles out in space.

In addition to technical hurdles, many suspect that all sorts of legal

and privacy issues would have to be cleared as well.

[A] Back in 1998, Brian Warwick, a professor of cybernetics at Reading

University in London, implanted a chip into his arm as an experiment to

see if Warwick's computer could wirelessly track his whereabouts with the

university's building.

[B] The company says it has recently applied to the Food and Drug

Administration for permission to begin testing its VeriChip device in

humans. About the size of a grain of rice, the microchip can be encoded

with bits of information and implanted in humans under a layer of skin.

[C] Indeed, some are already wondering what this sort of technology

may do to the sense of personal privacy and liberty.

[D] And that means designers will have to develop some sort of power

source that can provide a continuous source of energy, yet be small enough

to be embedded with the chips.

[E] Tiny chips know your name easily.

[F] Every woman dreams of receiving a huge, sparkling and priceless

diamond that be controlled by tiny chips . Now scientists have developed

the most useful diamond .

[G] The chip will also know if your child has fallen and needs

immediate help.

Part C

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined

segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on

ANSWER SHEET 2 (10 points)

46) A hundred years ago, when sport was confined largely to games

played in the backyard or on the farm, one could hardly have imagined the

attention that it has come to receive in the twentieth century. Today,

the importance of sport in society is clearly demonstrated by the fact

that even the CBS evening news can be preempted for the final of a tennis

match. A survey conducted in the late 1980s revealed that fully 81 percent

of all adults follow some organized sport, mostly on television. And the

phenomenon of weekend “sports widows”—women abandoned by their

husbands for weekend sports on television—is entering its third

generation.

Sport is defined sociologically as competitive physical activity that

is performed under established rules. Like all social institutions, sport

serves numerous functions. First, it provides society with a vast array

of leisure-time activities for all segments of the population.47)

Although it is an overstatement to say that modern society is a leisure

society, there has been a significant increase in the amount of non-work

time that most people have available. Furthermore, recreational activity

has become increasingly necessary in a society in which the vast majority

of jobs provide little or no physical activity. Second, sport provides

an outlet for energies that, if not diverted, could cause serious strain

on the social order.48) For both fan and participant, sport permits the

expression of emotions (such as anger and frustration) in ways that are

acceptable to, even encouraged by, society. Finally, sport provides

society with role models. Athletes at all levels, but especially famous

athletes, provide examples of conduct and employment of skills that others

can emulate.

Although sports promote many positive aspects of a society, conflict

theorists are quick to point out that they also reflect society’s

inequalities. Like most other social institutions, sports are

characterized by inequalities of class, race and gender. For example,

certain sports—such as polo, tennis, and skiing—have traditionally

appealed to the wealthy. Other sports—such as boxing, which is often

associated with urban poverty—are distinctly lower class in origin and

participation. 49) In general, members of the lower and working classes

have tended to participate in sports like baseball and basketball: games

that require little more than a field, a ball, and some players.

Although sport is sometimes considered exempt from racial inequality,

sociological evidence has shown this not to be the case.50) Although it

is true that nonwhites in American society have enjoyed greater

opportunities for high incomes in professional sports than in other

occupations, it is also true that virtually all managers and owners of

sports team are white. There are few nonwhite sportscasters,

administrators, umpires, or referees. Furthermore, nonwhites are all but

absent (even as players) from all professional sports except baseball,

basketball, boxing, and football.

Section III Writing

Part A

51. Directions:

Your university library intends to improve its service and facilities.

Write a letter to the chief librarian to

1) explain who you are,

2) say what you like about the library,

3) suggest ways in which it could be improved.

You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your

own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. You do not

need to write the address. (10 points)

Part B

52. Directions:

Look at the following picture and write an article on advertisement.

Your article should cover the points below:

Study the following picture carefully and write an essay to

1) describe the picture, 2) interpret its meaning, and

3) give your suggestion as to the best way to find happiness.

You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20

points)

试题答案

Section I Use of English

1.B 2.D 3.D 4.D 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.C 9.B 10.C11.C 12.A 13.D 14.B 15.B 16.B

17.C 18.A 19.B 20.C

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

21.C 22.A 23.D 24.B 25.C 26.D 27.B 28.A 29.C 30.D 31.C 32.D 33.A 34.B

35.A 36.A 37.B 38.D 39.A 40.D

Part B

41.G 42.C 43.A 44.B 45.D

Part C

46）一百年前，运动仅仅局限于那些在后院或者农场中举行的活动。那时候，恐怕没有人会想到它在二十世纪的今天所受到的关注程度。

47）虽然说现代社会是一个休闲社会有些言过其实，但是大多数人却比以前拥有更多的业余时间。

48）无论是体育迷还是参与者，运动都能使他们以某种方式表达来他们的感情（如愤怒和挫折感），而这种方式是社会所接受的，甚至是社会所鼓励的。

49）一般来说，下层劳动人民倾向于参与棒球和篮球这样的运动，因为这类运动只需要一块场地，一个球和几名球员而已。

50）虽然和美国社会的其他职业相比，从事职业运动中的有色人种获取高收入的机会大一些，这是事实；但是，几乎所有的经理或者运动队老板都是白人，这也是事实。

Section III Writing

Part A

Sample answer:

Dear Sir or Madam,

I write in response to your invitation to students to propose ways

for the improvement of the library.

I am a fourth-year student majoring in educational psychology and I

find that the level of student service is excellent. Indeed, every member

of your staff is, without exception, extremely polite and helpful.

However, I feel that our library is in need of more up-to-date

publications as well as a full set of classical and reference works. In

addition, if you could supply more computers in the library, the research

needs of both the students and the teachers will be more fully

satisfied.

I am looking forward to your reply.

Yours

sincerely,

Li Ming

Part B

Sample answer:

As is vividly depicted in the cartoon, a boy is contemplating the true

meaning of happiness. It is indeed a tough question for him: what on earth

is happiness? He is puzzled as to in which circumstance he will feel

happy---when he makes money, or wins true love, or is in good health, or

what?

It is obvious that happiness is difficult to define. We all know people

who have a relatively easy and comfortable life, and yet are essentially

unhappy. And we may also have friends who have suffered a great deal but

generally remain happy. Therefore, happiness is actually of one's own

making. If you have a positive attitude and are determined to find the

little happiness of life, you are destined to be jolly, no matter what

kind of situation you are in.

Happiness is an attitude, not a condition. It lies in the struggle

to be happy. People sometimes go to extremes and frantically pursue money,

power, high social status, etc., which are all symbols of success—but

never of happiness. Perhaps if they shifted their goal from ultimate

success to unswerving efforts and to a confidence that they will be

successful one day, they'd be a great deal happier.