主谓一致的三个原则

主谓一致的三个原则

在英语中谓语动词在人称和数上必须同主语保持一致。确定主谓一致要根据以下三个基本原则：

一、 语法一致原则, 即谓语动词要和它的主语在形式上取得一致，即单数主语用单数动词，复数主语用复数动词。但要注意以下几种情况：

1由and 连接并列主语时，谓语动词常用复数。

A teacher and his students are invited to the English evening.一个老师和他的学生被邀请参加英语晚会。

但以下两种情况谓语动词要用单数形式：

(1)并列主语指同一人（物）、同一概念（这是第二个名词前无冠词）时；

The professor and writer is coming to the meeting. 那位教授兼作家将来参加会议。

Truth and honesty is the best policy. 诚实才是上策。

类似的短语还有a cart and horse(马车), a cup and saucer(放在盘子上的茶杯), cause and

effect(因果), bread and butter(黄油面包), iron and steel(钢铁) ,study and research(研讨), the

needle and thread(针线), trial and error(反复试验)

(2) 并列主语分别被each, every, no, many a 修饰时。如：

Each book and each paper was in proper place. 每本书、每张纸都摆放得井井有条。

No teacher and no student is present. 没有教师和学生出席。

2. 单个不定式、动词-ing、从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

Taking care of children needs patience. 照看儿童需要耐心。

To remember these words is our main task today. 记住这些单词是我们今天的主要任务。

What we need is time not money. 我们所需要的是时间而不是钱。

3. 主语后如跟有as well as, with, along with, together with, rather than（而不是）, like, but,

except, besides时，谓语动词的单复数要与主语保持一致。

The teacher, as well as the students is pleased with the result. 除了学生外，老师对这个结果也感到满意。

The manager, rather than the brothers, is responsible for the loss. 损失的责任由经理而不是由工人们来承担。

4. all（some, both, a few, a lot ,a part, plenty, the rest, half, most, a number）of +名词或分数、百分数短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后的名词。

All of the students are in the classroom. 所有学生都在教室。

70 percent of the oil is gone. 百分之七十的油已经用完了。

Two thirds of the workers are against the plan. 三分之二的工人反对这个计划。

5. each（ either, neither, one）of+ 复数名词以及some, any, no, every与body, one, thing 构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

Either of the boys is interested in the stories. 这两个孩子中的任何一个对这个故事都感兴趣。

Everyone wants to have such a good chance. 每个人都想有这样一个好机会。

none 作主语时指代不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数；指代可数名词时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数。

None of the money is mine. 这笔钱没有一点是我的。

None of them has (have) been there. 他们当中没有一个人去过那儿。

6. many a, more than one 修饰单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

Many a teacher is watching the football match. 许多老师在看足球赛。

At the meeting, more than one person was given a medal. 在会上，不止一人得了奖。

二、意义一致原则, 即谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的内在涵义。

1. 表示时间、距离、金钱、度量等的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。

Two years in a strange land seems a long time. 在一个陌生的地方呆三年似乎是很长的一段时间。

Fifty miles is not a long distance. 五十英里不是很长的一段距离。

Is ten dollars enough. 十美圆够了吗？

2. 表示组织、国家、城市、人名、书名等的复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。

The United Nations is an international organization. 联合国是一个国际组织。

The Arabian Nights is read all over the world. 《天方夜谭》是流传世界各地的名著。

3. 以-ics 结尾的学科名词以及news, plastics等作主语，谓语动词用单数。

Physics is not easy for me. 对我来说物理不好学。

Plastics is a kind of matter. 塑料是一种物质。

4. the +形容词（分词）作主语指某一类人时，谓语动词用复数；指个人或抽象概念时谓语动词用单数。

The aged are taken care of in the country. 在这个国家里，老人得到很好照顾。

The beautiful is not always the useful. 漂亮的不一定是有用的。

5. people, police, cattle作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

Most people think so. 很多人都这么认为。

The cattle are very fat. 牛很肥。

6. 集体名词family, class, group, crowd, government, nation, public, team等作主语时，如看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数，如就其中的成员而言，谓语动词用复数。

My family is very large. 我家人口很多。

My family are all very athletic. 我家里人都很强健。

7. trousers, shoes, shorts, glasses等作主语，谓语动词用复数。但其前有a pair of, a kind of

时，谓语动词用单数。

Her trousers are red. 她的裤子是红色的。

This pair of trousers doesn’t fit me. 这条裤子不合适我。

8. means, works 单复数同形，其前有every, a, such a, this, that 修饰时，谓语动词用单数；若其前有all, such, these, those修饰时，谓语动词用复数。

Every means has been tried. 每一种方法都被试过了。

All the glass works along the railway line were built in the 1970s. 铁路沿线的所有玻璃厂建于二十世纪七十年代。

三、 就近原则，即谓语动词与离它最近的主谓保持一致。

1. 由连词or, , , , , or ... 等连接的并列主语，谓语动词与离它最近的主语保持一致。

Were you or he there? 是你还是他在那儿？

Not only the lights but also the old wire has been changed. 不仅更换了灯，而且旧电线也更换了。

2. there be 句型中，谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致。

There is a ruler and some books in the bag. 书包里有一把尺子和一些书。

There are two chairs and a desk in the room. 屋子里有两把椅子和一个课桌。

练习：

1.A poet and artist _____ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow

afternoon.

B. are C. was D. were

and where to go for the on-salary holiday _____yet.

A. are not decided B. have not been decided

C. is not being decided D. has not been decided

3. The father as well as his three children _____skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in

winter.

A. is going B. go C. goes D. are going

4. _____ of the land in that district _____covered with trees and grass.

A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are

5. Every possible means _____to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.

A. is used B. are used C. has been used D. have been used

you or the headmaster _____the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting.

A. is handing out B. are to hang out C. are handing out D. is to hang out

7. No one in the department but Tom and I _____ that the director is going to resign.

A. knows B. know C. have known D. am to know

答案：

1-5ADCCC