BS 5852 Part II 中文版

BS 5852 Part II : 1982

家具燃烧测试 : 第二部分：通过明火对衬垫家具组分的可燃性的测试方法

1. APPLICATION AND LIMITATION应用和局限

The purpose of this test guide is to provide guideline for assessing the ignitability of

upholstered composites for covers and filling, when subjected to flaming

sources of thermal output ranging from that just greater than from a burning match as

might be applied accidentally in the use of upholstered seats. It does not cover ignition

caused by deliberate acts of vandalism

本测试指南是为判断物料的可燃性提供了指导，例如衬垫家具用的面料和填充物需经受大于火柴热量燃烧的意外情况。但是不包括故意的人为原因造成的燃烧情况。

2. PRINCIPLE准则

The principle is to subject an assembly of upholstery materials arranged to represent,

in stylized form, the join between back (or seat and arm) such as is typical in chairs, to

six flaming sources selected to cover the intensities of actual sources that might be

encountered in various end use environments.

本准则适用于衬垫家具物料以固定形式，组成椅子的形状，然后经受在不同的应用环境中的6种明火火源的测试。

tions 定义

3.1 Progressive smouldering ：

Exothermic oxidation, not accompanied by flaming, that is

independent of the ignition source. It may or not be accompanied by incandescence.

进行性闷烧：放热的氧化反应，没有火焰伴随发生，即独立火源自行蔓延，也有可能没有白热现象。

3.2 Flaming. 明火燃烧

Undergoing combustion in the gaseous phase with the emission of light.

发光的气相燃烧

4. EQUIPMENT AND CHEMICAL REAGENT设备和化学药品

4.1 Test rig 测试架

A suitable test rig is illustrated in figures1 and figures2. it shall consist of two

rectangular frames hinged together and capable of being locked at right angles to each

other.

一个合适的测试框架。它包括两个矩形框，用铰链联结在一起，并能以垂直角度固定。

The frames shall be made from nominal 25mm×3mm steel flat bar and shall securely

hold mesh steel platforms set 6±1mm below the top edge of the frames。

框用25mm×3mm钢条制成，中间牢固的装一块钢网平台，该网比框顶边低6mm±1mm。

The internal width and height of the back frame shall be 450±2mm×300±2mm and the

width and depth of the base frame 450±2mm×150±2mm.A standard edging section may

be used around the mesh steel platform to give protection and greater rigidity.

背筐内部宽和高为450±2mm×300±2mm，座框内部的宽和高450±2mm×150±2mm。钢网平台四周包边对钢网起保护和增强的作用。

The side of the frame shall extend beyond the back of each frame to provide for the

hinge holes and to form the back legs. The hinge holes and to form the back legs. The

hinge rod shall be of nominal 10mm diameter steel, continuous across the back of the

rig and its axis22.5±0.5mm beyond the back member of each frame.

框的侧边应延伸超过底（后）边以便钻铰链孔，侧边延伸同时形成后腿。铰链轴为Φ10mm钢轴，轴线距格框底（后）边22.5±0.5mm。

The frames are lockable at right angles by a bolt or pin through each of the pairs of

members forming the back legs. The front legs may be welded across the front corners

of the base frame. The height of the legs shall be such as to leave a gap not less than

50mm high between the base and frame and the supporting surface.

利用穿过各框两组后腿的螺栓和插销，可以把两框固定成直角。两前腿焊接斜挎座框两前角。腿的高度以使坐框底距支撑面50mm为宜。

For the tests the rig shall be sited within the enclosure and the testing shall be performed

in a basically draught-free environment permitting an adequate supply of air and

removal of smoke from the area of the apparatus.

测试框架置于隔离区内，测试应在自由通风的环境下进行，以便有适当的空气供应，同时可以把仪器周围的烟排除。

4.2 Test enclosure 测试环境

The test enclosure shall consist of either a room with a volume greater than 20m3(which

contains adequate oxygen for testing) or a smaller enclosure with a through flow of air.

Inlet and extraction systems providing air flow rates of 0.02 to 0.2m/s in the locality of

the rig provide adequate oxygen without disturbing the burning behaviors.

测试环境应是一个大于20m3的空间（这将包含测试所需的适量氧气），或者小一点的、空气流通的空间，进排气系统应使在框架位置的空气流速为0.02～0.2 m/s，这样即可提供适量氧气又不至于干扰燃烧行为。

4.3 Stop-watch 计时器

The clock shall be capable of measuring to at least 1h with an accuracy of 1s.

计时器量程不小于1h，精度为1s。

4.4 Butane flame ignition source 2: gas flow rate is 160±5ml/min at 25oC or

157±5ml/min at 20oC (approximately 145mm flame height)； Butane flame ignition

source 3：gas flow rate is 350±10ml/min at 25oC or 344±10ml/min at 20oC

(approximately 200 mm flame height)；

丁烷火源2：气体流量160±5毫升/分钟（25 oC）或者57±5毫升/分钟（20oC）（火焰大约145毫米高）丁烷火源3：气体流量350±10毫升/分钟（25 oC）或者344±10毫升/分钟（20oC）（火焰大约200毫米高）

4.5 Pine crib (source 5): 17±1g 松木架 (火源5): 17±1克

5. CRITERIA OF FAILURE 失败标准

5.1 Progressive smouldering failure 进行性闷烧失败

5.1.1 for source 2: any composite that produces externally detectable amounts of smoke,

heat or glowing 30 min after the removal of the burner tube.

对于火源2：任何物料移开火源30分钟后，从外表上可以看到大量的烟、热、光。

5.1.2 for source 5: any composite that produces externally detectable amount of smoke,

heat or glowing 60 min after ignition of the crib.

对于火源5：任何物料点燃木架60分钟后，从外表上可以看到大量的烟、热、光

5.1.3 any composite that displays escalating combustion behaviour so that it is unsafe

to continue the test and requires forcible extinction.

任何物料显示出逐步增强的燃烧趋势，以至于不能安全的继续测试，需要强行扑灭的。

5.1.4 any composite that smoulders until it is essentially consumed within the test

duration relevant to the source.

任何物料在整个测试过程中闷烧至基本烧光。

5.1.5 any composite that smoulders to the extremities of the specimen via upper or

lower margins, either side of to its full thickness, within the duration of the test.

任何物料在整个测试过程中闷烧至边缘或者烧穿整个厚度。

5.1.6 any composite that, on final examination, shows evidence of charring other than

discoloration, more than 100 mm in any direction apart from upwards from the nearest

part of the original position of the source.任何物料，在最终检查中，有足够的证据显示在任何方向上炭化长度非变色超过100毫米。

5.2 Flaming failure明火失败

5.2.1 for source 2: any composite that continues to flame more than 120s after removal

of the burner tube.

对于火源2：任何物料移开火源120秒后仍然有明火。

5.2.2 for source 5: any composite that continues to flame for more than 10 min after

removal of the crib.

对于火源5：任何物料移开火源10分钟后仍然有明火。

5.2.3 any composite that displays escalating combustion behaviour so that it is unsafe

to continue the test and forcible extinction is required.

任何物料显示出逐步增强的燃烧趋势，以至于不能安全的继续测试，需要强行扑灭的。

5.2.4 any composite that burns until it is essentially consumed within the test duration

relevant to the source.

任何物料在整个测试过程中基本烧光。

5.2.5 any composite on which any flame front reaches the lower margin, either side or

passes through the full thickness of the specimen within the duration of the test.

任何物料在测试过程中燃烧至边缘或烧穿整个厚度。

6. SAMPLE PREPARATION样板准备

6.1 Conditioning and Testing平衡和测试

The materials to be tested and the cigarette should be conditioned immediately before

the test for 72hr in indoor ambient conditions and then for at least 16hr at 20 ± 5C and

50 ± 20% RH. 物料必须经过72小时的室内平衡和至少16小时的温度20 ± 5C湿度50 ± 20%的平衡 。

For testing, a substantially draught-free environment having a temperature of 15-30C

and a relative humidity of 45 ± 25% shall be used.对于测试，空气流通的环境而且温度为15-30C 湿度为 45 ± 25%

6.2 General 概述

The test piece materials shall be representative of the cover, filling and other

components to be used in the final assembly.

测试的原料必须是有代表性的面料、填充物以及实际中用到的组分。

6.3 Cover material and fabric interliner 面料和里料

The cover size needed for each test is 1100+10,-0mm x 650+10,-0mm. The long

dimension shall be cut parallel to the machine direction. The cover may be constructed

from smaller pieces of test materials provided that the location of the resulting seams

does not occur within 100 mm of the area likely to be affected by the test. The cover

has triangular cut-outs 475mm from one end on both sides. The cut-outs shall be

positioned such that when assembled on the test rig the lie of any pile is down the back

assembly and from the hinge to the front of the base frame. The side of cut-outs shall

be 50mm base and 110mm high.每个面料测试的样板大小为1100±10毫米 x 650±10毫米。长度方向平行于布边。如果面料由小块组合而成，但是接缝部位必须在火源100毫米以外，以使其不影响测试。在面料的两侧距离底部475毫米处分别剪一个三角形的图案。此图案底部50毫米，高110毫米。

Where a fabric interliner is used it is cut to the same dimensions, and in the same

orientation as the cover, for fitting to the test rig under the cover.如果有里料，则剪成同样的尺寸，方向与面料相同，放在面料下面一同安装在装置上。

6.4 Upholstery filling衬垫家具填充物

Two pieces of filling, one 450  5 mm  450 ± 5 mm  75 ± 2 mm thick and the other

450 ± 5 mm x 300 ± 5 mm x 75 ± 2 mm thick, are required for each test.

每一个测试需要2块填充物，一块为 450  5 mm  450 ± 5 mm  75 ± 2 mm （厚） ,另一块为450 ± 5 mm x 300 ± 5 mm x 75 ± 2 mm （厚）

Some cushioning assemblies may consist of several layers that may be typically felt,

wadding or various foams. Where the total thickness exceeds 75 mm, the upper 75 mm

of the cushioning assembly is reproduced.

一些坐垫由几层构成，包括毡片、软填料或几种不同的海绵。如总厚度超过了75毫米，超过75毫米的部分将重新制作。

Where the filling is less than 75 mm thick the test piece is built up to the required

thickness by adding to the underside a further layer of the bottom material.

如厚度小于75毫米，将加厚底部材料是样板厚度达到要求。

Some kind of loose packing materials (e.g. foam crumb, feathers) may be evaluated by

this method of test. In these cases the loose packing is built up beneath the covering

materials to reproduce the 75mm thickness of the assembly at a realistic packing

density. Where necessary, a finer grid material or air porous fabric may be laid over the

expanded metal of the test rig to retain the filling.

一些松散的填充物（如：碎海绵、羽毛）也可以用此测试方法评价。在这种情况下，将松散的填充物放在面料下按照实际使用时的密度组成75毫米厚度，如有需要，可以用细铁丝安装在测试架上以固定填充物。

If, in use, the loose infill is enclosed in an interlining (or ticking) it is acceptable to

make up two bags of the interlining suitably filled and to the overall dimensions given

above for use as the upholstery filling beneath the cover.

如需要松散的填充物可以由里布包裹做成两个袋子，其尺寸如上面所述。

7. PROCEDURE步骤

7.1 Preparation准备

7.1.1 Open out the test rig and thread the covering fabric and, if used, the fabric

interliner, behind the hinge bar so that the cut outs are aligned with the hinge bar.

打开测试装置，将面料和里料（如适用）固定在装置上，使剪成的部分平行于铰链棒。

7.1.2 Place the filling pieces under the covering fabric(s) and locate the filling pieces

in the frame recesses.

将填充物放在面料下面，然后安装在测试装置上。

7.1.3 Lock the frames at right angles by the bolts or pins ensuring that the filling

components are not displaced. Fasten the fabric(s) over the top, bottom and sides of the

frame using clips and ensure that the fabric(s) is secured and under even tension. This

is done by allowing approximately 20 mm of fabric to wrap around the frame so that

the edge of the fabric just contacts the expanded metal.

装置放置成直角并用螺丝固定住，防止填充物滑移。用夹子将面料的上部、底部和侧部夹紧，使面料保持一定张力。使面料经向大约20毫米左右夹在装置上。

7.2 Butane flame test丁烷明火测试

7.2.1 Light the butane emerging from the burner tube, adjust the gas flow to the

appropriate rate and allow the flame to stabilize for at least 4 minutes.

点燃丁烷气体，调整气体至合适的流量，并稳定4分钟

7.2.2 Position the burner tube axially along the junction between the seat and back so

that the flame is at least 100mm from the edge and from any marks left by any other

previous test, and simultaneously start the clock.

将火源放在坐垫和靠背交界处，并与交界线平行，并且到边缘的距离以及到原来留下的测试标记不小于100毫米，同时按动秒表开始计时。

7.2.3 Allow the gas to burn for a period of 40±1s, and then terminate by carefully

removing the burner tube from the test pieces.

保持火焰燃烧40±1秒，然后终止并从样板上小心的移开火源。

7.2.4 Observe for flaming or progressive smouldering in the interior and / or cover. If

flaming continues for longer than 120s after removal of the burner tube or if any flame

front reaches the extremities of the test specimen, record a failed result. Observe for a

total of up to 30 min from commencement to establish the presence of progressive

smouldering.

观察内部或表面闷烧和产生明火的现象。如果火焰在移开火源后燃烧超过120秒，或者火焰烧到了样板的末端，则记录失败。从逐步增强的闷烧开始观察30分钟。

7.2.5 If flaming or progressive smouldering of the upholstery composites is observed,

extinguish the test piece. Record a failed result for the ignition source used.如果观察到明火或逐渐增强闷烧现象，扑灭样板，记录失败。

7.2.6 If flaming or progressive smouldering is not observed, repeat the test at a fresh

position as described in 7.2.2. If flaming or progressive smouldering is not observed in

this retest record a pass result for the butane flame ignition source unless the test piece

fails the final examination specified in7.4. Otherwise extinguish the test piece and

record a failed result.如果明火和暗烧现象没有发现，按照7.2.2在新的位置重复一次测试，如果在重复测试中没有发现明火和暗烧现象，而且通过了7.4规定的最终检查，则记录通过；否则扑灭样板记录失败。

7.3 Crib test木架测试

7.3.1 After conditioning the crib in Clause 5.1, add slowly 1.4±0.1ml of propan-2-ol to

the centre of the lint using the measuring instrument. Place the crib on the seat in contact

with the back, at a position at least 100mm from any edge and from any marks left or

influence of any previous test, with the base sticks parallel to the back cushion.按照6.1要求平衡后，缓慢再木架中央的软布上加入1.4±0.1毫升异丙醇。将木架安放在坐垫上，靠住背部，其位置距边缘以及以前留下的测试标记的距离至少为100毫米，底部木块平行于背部。

7.3.2 Within 2 min of adding the propan-2-ol to the lint, ignite the alcohol from the

front and above the lint using a match, small gas flameor hot wire ignition, and

simultaneously start the clock. If the alcohol fails to ignite the wooden crib, repeat this

test with a new crib placed in a position.

加入异丙醇后2分钟内点燃木架，同时启动秒表，加入燃料为引燃木架，从一个新的木架重新开始。

7.3.3 Observe for flaming or progressive smouldering in the interior and / or cover.

Disregard flames, afterglow, or smouldering that cease within 10 min of the ignition of

crib. Observe for a total of up to 60 min from commencement to establish the presence

of progressive smouldering.

观察内部或表面闷烧和产生明火的现象。忽略点燃木架10分钟内的明火、光、闷烧。从闷烧开始观察60分钟。

7.3.4 If flaming or progressive smouldering is observed, extinguish the test piece.

Record a failed result for the ignition source used.如果观察到明火或逐步增强的闷烧现象，扑灭样板，记录失败。

7.3.5 If flaming or progressive smouldering is not observed, repeat the test at a fresh

position as described in7.3.1. If flaming or progressive smouldering is not observed in

the retest, record a pass result for the ignition source used, unless the test piece fails the

final examination specified in 7.4. Otherwise, extinguish the test piece and record a

failed result.

如果明火和暗烧现象没有发现，按照7.3.1重复一次测试，如果在重复测试中没有发现明火和暗烧现象，而且通过了7.4规定的最终检查，则记录通过；否则扑灭样板记录失败。

7.4 Final examination最终检查

Cases of progressive smouldering undetected from the outside have been reported.

Immediately after completion of the test programme on the assembly dismantle and

examine it internally for progressive smouldering. If this is present extinguish the test

piece and record a failed result for the relevant test source. For safety reasons ensure

that all smouldering has ceased before the rig is left unattended.

不能从外面发现闷烧的情况，测试完成后立刻拆开样板机拿叉内部是否存在逐步强烈的闷烧情况，如存在，扑灭样板记录失败，未通过相关火源测试。为保障安全，人离开时保证闷烧已经终止。

8. TEST REPORT 测试报告

8.1 The report shall state:报告中声明

(a) The following test results relate only to the ignitability of the combination of

materials under the particular conditions of test stated; they are not intended as a means

of assessing the full potential fire hazard of the materials or products in use.

如下测试结果只是针对在一定条件下的物料组合的可燃性，并不是评价实际产品和物料的所有潜在的防火危险；

(b)the identification and construction of the test specimens;测试样板的描述与说明；

(c) the ignition sources applied;使用的火源；

(d) for each ignition source applied, the test result, pass or fail ；测试结果中有每一个火源通否

(e) the number of this British Standard英国标准的编号；

(f) the ignitability performance index可燃性能索引

(The ignitability performance index of an assembly shall be designated by the number

of the ignition source to which the assembly was subjected preceded by the letter ‘P’ if

the assembly passed that test or by the letter ‘F’ if it failed. Example : An assembly

tested only with source 3 and passing would be designated ‘P3’ or if failing ‘F3’; an

assembly tested over the range of sources from 3 to 7, but only failing at source 7,

would be designated ‘P3-6, F7’)

(可燃性能索引将标明火源的号码，并以“P”表示通过，“F”表示失败。例如，如果一组测试通过3号火源则表示为“P3”，反之为“F3” ，样板测试3号火源到7号火源，仅仅没有通过7号火源测试，将表示为“P3-6，F7”)

8.2 The report shall contain details of any features of the tests that may have affected

the results. Such features are:

报告中包括对结果有影响的现象的详细描述，如有以下特征：

(a) conditioning of the test sample;测试样板的平衡条件；

(b) Special features of burning, e.g. melting, dripping, charring, development of flames

from smouldering; 特殊的燃烧特征，如：熔融、滴落、炭化、焖烧到明火的发展变化；

(c) Times of major events, e.g. ignition of test specimens, cover splitting and

extinction.

主要的现象的时间，如：样板燃烧时间，灭火时间。