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How many 与How much的用法区别
通过第二模块的学习,同学们都知道了how many与how much是“多少”的意思,都可以用来提问。那how many和how much表示“多少”有什么区别呢?它们还有什么常见用法?让我们来一块总结一下吧!
1、表示“多少”时,how many后接可数名词复数(因为是可数名词,所以有复数),how much后接不可数名词。那么什么是可数名词,什么是不可数名词呢?很简单,顾名思义,可数名词是可以用来计数的名词,可数名词有单数和复数形式,比如书book,桌子desk,小汽车car等。不可数名词是不可以直接用来计数的名词,不可数名词没有复数形式,只有单数形式,比如钱money,水water,墨水ink等。看下面几个例子:
How much money do you have on you? 你带了多少钱?
How many balls do you have? 你有多少个球?
How much do you want? 你想要多少水?
不可数名词因为不能一个一个地数,所以都有自己的计量单位。比如钱的单位yuan, dollar,
cent, pound等。重量单位kilogram, gram, ton等。所以,通常情况是有计量单位的用much,没有计量单位的用many。
我们可以这样记:How many在句首,名词复数跟着走。
2、how much除了表示“多少”外,还有一些用法:
(1)用来询问食物的重量。例如:
—How much does the pig weight? 这头猪多重?
—Eight kilos. 八十千克。
(2)how much可单独使用,意为“多少钱”,也可构成词组how much money, 但英语中常省略 money,用来询问某物的价钱、价格。
注意:how much询问价格时,它的回答若是中国的货币单位应采用汉语拼音yuan, fen来表示,几角常采用几十分来表示,字母用小写,且不用复数。例如:
—How much is the eraser? 这块橡皮擦多少钱?
—Ninety two fen. 九角二分。
(3)用来询问数字计算的结果,相当于what。例如:
—How much is three plus one? 三加一等于多少?
—It’s four. 等于四。
不能这么一概而论,而应该看情况。
如果是指金钱本身,应该是不可数的,就像我们常见的:
I have a lot of money.
He earns a lot of money by lottery.
如果指款项金钱总数,尤指某一特定性质的,则用复数。例如:
Indian moneys are defined in section 62 of the Indian Act as being either capital or revenue
moneys.
印第安法案第62部分所定义的印第安资金抑或为资本,抑或为收益资金。
state tax moneys; monies set aside for research and development.
国家税收;为研究和开发所贮存的资金
drug指麻醉药,口语中通常指毒品 dealer,毒贩子
medicine就事平时吃的药,通常指内服药
few, a few, little, a little
虽然都表示“少”,但
(1)few, a few是可数的, little, a little是不可数的。
(2)a few, a little含肯定意味,few, little含否定意味。这里所谓的“肯定意味”和“否定意味”应该这样来理解:同样是半杯水,口渴者会认为:There is little water in the glass. 而不口渴的人则会认为:There is a little water in the glass.
一:
1.few修饰可数名词复数。
2.few (= not many; hardly any)含否定意义;a few (= some; several; a small
number of) 含肯定意义。
3. not a few = no few = quite a few = a good few = many。
4. 当 few受 every, last, past, next, some, very等词所修饰时,表示肯定意义,few之前不再有冠词。如:
In the last few minutes, he checked up his paper again.
It took us some few days to repair the machine.
They are very few in number.
There were too few of them.
He goes to see his grandma every few weeks.
5. 在非正式文体中很少见,一般用或代替,如:
Only a few people attended the meeting.
另外,little / a little
Little remains to be done about it. (作主语)
A little remains to be done.
Please give me a little. (作宾语)
He knows a little of everything.
There is very / but little time left. (作定语)
Don’t worry; you still have a little time.
1. little修饰不可数名词,表示“量”。
2. little含否定意义(反义词:much);a little含肯定意义(反义词:none)。
3. 在非正式英语中,一般很少用little,常用not much, only a little来代替,如:
We haven’t got much money / time.
every和each用法上的区别
1. each可作代词和形容词,而every只能用作形容词,如可以说each of these dictionaries或each one of these dictionaries, 但不能说every of these dictionaries, 该用every one of these
dictionaries。
2. each可指两个或两个以上中间的每一个,而every只可指三个或三个以上中间的每一个,不能指两个中每一个。如: 可以说each of my eyes, 不可说every one of my eye但可说every
one of my toes(脚趾) 。
3. each通常用来指若干固定数目中的每一个,而every往往指“任何一个”如:Each girl sitting
over there is my student. “坐在那里的每一女孩子”指若干固定数目中的每一个,故用each。Every man must do his best. “人人都尽最大的努力”泛指任何一个人,因而用every。
4. every和not连用,即“every…not”或“not…every”构成部分否定,表示“并非每一个”的意思,each则无此结构。
5. every+ 基数词+ 复数名词=every+ 序数词+ 单数名词,作“每(多少)”解,但each不能用于这一结构中。 如: every three days 每三天或每隔两天,相当于 every third day。
6. every two days, every second day都作“每隔一天”解,但在实际应用中人们都用every other
day来表示这一意思,every two days也有人讲,而every second day则少用的。
7. 也可以说every few days, 相当于汉语的“隔些日子”。
8. each 可以与other构成固定的搭配,即each other意思为“彼此、相互、互相”的意思,而every则不能。
*everyday 形容词:每天的, 日常的, 平常的, 平凡的
everyday是形容词,后面可以直接跟名词,而every day是短语,一般作副词讲,放在句首或句末,用来修饰整个句子,every-day就有点画蛇添足了,不用这样来合成,不需要中间那个-,它的意思同everyday
例:a suit for everyday wear.
适合平日里穿的衣服
*every day 通常做“每天”解作状语时,省掉介词(in),表示频率。
I go to school every day.我每天上学
He exercises every day. 他每天锻炼
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each day 指具体每一天,从个体来考虑.Approach each day.迎接每一天.英文解释:without
missing a day
every day 日常,每天 从整体考虑. EATING IN EVERY DAY.一日三餐吃出健康来. 英文解释:commonplace and ordinary
Mr. 是 mister 的缩写
Mrs. 是 mistress 的缩写
答:一般说来,some 用于肯定句中,any 用于否定句和疑问句中。如:
I had some good ideas. 我有一些好主意。
She went out to buy some food. 他出去买些食物。
There won’t be any trouble. 不会有麻烦。
Do you have any difficulty with English? 你英语学习有困难吗?
注:在表示请求、邀请或征求意见的疑问句中,通常要用 some,而不用 any. 如:
Why not buy some apples? 为什么不买些苹果呢?
Would you like some more fruit? 你要不要再吃点水果?
另外,any 有时也用于肯定句中,表示“任何”。如:
You can read any of the books. 你可以看这些书中的任何一本。
一、一般说来,some用于肯定句,any用于否定句和疑问句。例如:
She wants some chalk.
She doesn’t want any chalk.
Here are some beautiful flowers for you.
Here aren’t any beautiful flowers.
二、any可与not以外其他有否定含义的词连用,表达否定概念。例如:
He never had any regular schooling.
In no case should any such idea be allowed to spread unchecked.
The young accountant seldom (rarely, hardly, scarcely) makes any error in his books.
I can answer your questions without any hesitation.
三、any可以用于表达疑问概念的条件句中。例如:
If you are looking for any stamps, you can find them in my drawer.
If there are any good apples in the shop, bring me two pounds of them.
If you have any trouble, please let me know.
四、在下列场合,some也可用于疑问句。
1、说话人认为对方的答复将是肯定的。例如:
Are you expecting some visitors this afternoon?(说话人认为下午有人要求,所以用some)
Are you expecting any visitors this afternoon?(说话人不知道下午是否有人来,所以用any)
Didn’t you give him some tickets?(说话人认为票已经给他了。问题的回答是:Sure I did)
Did you give him any tickets?(说话人不知道是否给票了。回答可能是yes或no。)
2、款待用语或问句的实质等于提出一个要求并希望得到肯定的回答时。例如:
Won’t you have some more tea?
Will you buy me some paper?
Could you get me some clips?
这类用语中的some不能用any代替。
3、在“Let me know if you need any help.”这类条件句中,可用some代替any。
用any表示说话人完全不知道对方是否需要帮助,或表示说话人愿意向对方提供无限量的帮助。
Let me know if you need help.
用some 则表示提供对方某种程度的、确定的帮助,或者表示期待肯定的回答。
Let me know if you need some help.
五、如前所述,在一般情况下,some用于肯定句,any用于否定句和疑问句。这种提法着眼于句子的形式或结构。此外,这两个词的选择还与它们本身的词义有关。
在“Some students have not seen any pictures during the vacation.”这个句子中,我们可以看出:
1、句子形式上虽是否定句,但some students是句子的主语,后面根据需要用肯定的或否定的谓语动词都可,不存在受限制的问题. have
have
Some students{have not seen… pictures.
2、pictures在句中作宾语,因此,用some还是用any就受到谓语动词的肯定或否定形式的限制。 have seen some pictures. ①
Some students{have not seen some/any pictures.②
句①中some students 和some pictures的some意思是“一些、若干”。虽未确定数量,但这个数量是为说话人所知道的,或者是客观存在的,因此不能用无法确定数量的any(任何)来代替。该句的意思是“有些/一些学生看见过一些图画”。
句②中用some或any不是由动词的否定形式来决定,而是因为some的意义与any不同:…have seen some是“见过一些或有些见过”;…have not seen some 意味着“有些见过,有些没见过”;…have not seen any 是“任何…都没见过”。试体会下面一段对话:
——You have seen all those pictures, haven’t you?
——Not quite. Some(pictures) I haven’t (seen). (=I haven’t seen some of them.)
——No, I haven’t seen any picture(s).
vegetable和fruit可数吗?
已解决 悬赏分:0 | 提问者:jasontany | 解决时间:2008-10-25 13:27
书上有个句子是
eating more vegetables and fruit is good for your health.
为什么vegetable用了复数,而fruit用的单数呢??
最佳答案
fruit 作水果解释的时候,既是可数名词,又是不可数名词。作果实解释的时候是可数名词。但在中文里的确不好分辩。具体叙述是不可数,如果指好几种不同类的水果可以用复数。(参考people的用法) e.g.
Apples, oranges, strawberries are kinds of fruit/are all fruit. 苹果,橙子,草莓是几种水果/都是水果。
The potato is a vegetable, not a fruit. 土豆是蔬菜,不是水果。
The drink is made from four tropical fruits. 这种饮料是四种热带水果做成的。
最常见的不可数名词有:advice, baggage, change(零钱), furniture, hair, homework, information,
knowledge, luggage, money, news, progress, traffic
2、其它不可数名词还有:absence, age, anger, courage, energy, equipment, experience, failure,
fear, food, fun, health, ice, industry, kindness, labour, luck, marriage, music, nature, paper, peace,
pleasure, power, pride, rain, research, respect, safety, salt, sand, silence, sleep, strength, snow,
technology, time, trade, transport, travel, trust, truth, waste, water, wealth, weather, wind, work(工作)
一、不可数名词简要
不能直接用数计算,而需用量词计算的名词,称为不可数名词,它们一般没有复数形式,作主语5
时,谓语用单数。
二、不可数名词分类
不可数名词主要分物质名词和抽象名词,物质名词是指表示无法分为个体的实物的词,常见的物质名词,如:snow(雪),rain(雨), water(水),coffee(咖啡), tea(茶), meat (肉), milk(牛奶), rice(米饭), bread(面包), orange (桔汁)等;抽象名词是指表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念的词,常见的抽象名词,如:work(工作), study(学习), love(爱), friendship (友谊)等。
三、不可数名词的修饰语
不可数名词不能直接用不定冠词a/an、指示代词和基数词修饰,但可以用定冠词the以及some,
any, a lot of, much, a little等限定词修饰。例如:
What‘s the weather like today?
There‘s only a little milk in the bottle.
How much water would you like?
如果要表示不可数名词的具体数量,其前必须用"计量名词+of"短语,但计量名词有单、复数之分。例如:
a / one cup of tea 一杯茶
two bags of rice 两袋米
three glasses of water 三玻璃杯水
a piece of paper 一张纸
a tin of Coca Cola 一罐可口可乐
下列名词常用作不可数名词:sugar
accommodation, advice, baggage, behavior, bread, cash, cloth,clothing, coal, equipment, fun,
furniture, grass, harm, information, ink, knowledge, labour, laughter, leisure, luck, lightning,
living, luggage, machinery, meat, money, news, paper, permission,
popularity, progress, rice, scenery, soap, sugar, tea, traffic, travel, trouble, thunder, weather, work等。
最常见的不可数名词有:advice, baggage, change(零钱), furniture, hair, homework, information,
knowledge, luggage, money, news, progress, traffic
2、其它不可数名词还有:absence, age, anger, courage, energy, equipment, experience, failure,
fear, food, fun, health, ice, industry, kindness, labour, luck, marriage, music, nature, paper, peace,
pleasure, power, pride, rain, research, respect, safety, salt, sand, silence, sleep, strength, snow,
technology, time, trade, transport, travel, trust, truth, waste, water, wealth, weather, wind, work(工作)
二、有些名词既可作可数名词,又可作不可数名词,
如:cake 蛋糕 chocolate 巧克力 fish 鱼、鱼肉 chicken 鸡、鸡肉
不过基本上数的了的就是可数的, 没法数的,就是不可数的比如fish活鱼的意思由于一群鱼没法数阿,就不可数,死的做熟的鱼就摆那了啊,能数啊,就是可数了。
a lot of 相当于lots of,意为“许多”,修饰可数名词复数,相当于many;修饰不可数名词相当于mach。用作主语时,谓语得用法取决于它修饰的名词。例如:
1. A lot of people like swimming.
2. A lot of work is to be done this week.
a lot在句中可起副词作用,用作状语。例如:
a lot.2.I like him a lot.
a lot单独用也可以名词作用,用作主语或宾语。例如:
They give the boy a lot to eat.
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