AMI BIOS启动代码中英文对照表

[原创]AMI BIOS POSTCODE 启动代码中英文对照表

启动代码 启动代码意义解释(英文) 启动代码意义解释(中文)

//完成启动的控制,转向操作系统的载入(相当于INT19H 的功能.)

// 禁止不可屏蔽中断,奇偶校验,EGA显卡,DMA控制器.初始化 BIOS,POST,实时时钟数据区.初始化BIOS模块中的上电自检(POST)入口和GPNV区域,初始化核心变量之CMOS中的一些标志.

00 Passes control to OS Loader (typically INT19h).

Disable NMI, Parity, video for EGA, and DMA controllers.

03

Initialize BIOS, POST, Runtime data area. Also initialize

BIOS modules on POST entry and GPNV area. Initialized

CMOS as mentioned in the Kernel Variable "wCMOSFlags."

Check CMOS diagnostic byte to determine if battery power 检查CMOS诊断位,判断电池电量是否 OK and CMOS checksum is OK. Verify CMOS checksum 验证CMOS校验码(保存在CMOS中).如果manually by reading storage area. If the CMOS checksum is 校验码错,则清除密码(译者注:利用这个原04

bad, update CMOS with power-on default values and clear

passwords. Initialize status register lizes data

variables that are based on CMOS setup

lizes both the 8259 compatible PICs in the

system.

05

Initializes the interrupt controlling hardware (generally PIC)

and interrupt vector table.

Do R/W test to CH-2 count reg. Initialize CH-0 as system

06

for system timer INT1Ch vector to

"POSTINT1ChHandlerBlock."

07 Fixes CPU POST interface calling pointer.

理,可以修改CMOS数据,使其校验通不过,这样就清除了开机密码啦!),并载入上电默认的参数设置,初始化状态寄存器(如同在BIOS设置的选项:载入默认的设置),同时初始化8259(中断优先级).

初始化中断控制器和中断向量表

对CH-2计数寄存器进行读写测试,初始化断服务程序(就是把服务程序的地址放到中断向量表中).开IRQ-0(系统时钟中断)

定位CPU上电自检接口的调用指针

初始化CPU,基本检测将在键盘控制器(KBC)中完成.对键盘控制器命令字节的编程将在自动检测键盘/鼠标(使用 AMI

KB-5)后完成.

初始化8042(或兼容芯片)键盘控制器.

l the POSTINT1Ch handler. Enable IRQ-0 in PIC CH-0为系统时钟.加载POST INT1CH 中Initializes the CPU. The BAT test is being done on KBC.

08 Program the keyboard controller command byte is being

done after Auto detection of KB/MS using AMI KB-5.

0A Initializes the 8042 compatible Key Board Controller.

0B Detects the presence of PS/2 mouse. 检测PS/2鼠标是否存在.

0C Detects the presence of Keyboard in KBC port. 检测键盘是否存在

Testing and initialization of different Input Devices. Also,

update the Kernel the INT09h vector, so

0E that the POST INT09h handler gets control for IRQ1.

Uncompress all available language, BIOS logo, and Silent

logo modules.

13 Early POST initialization of chipset registers.

测试和初始化不同的输入设备,同时,更新核心参数.设置INT09号中断向量,使之与IRQ1挂接.解压缩:可以使用的语言模块,BIOS LOGO画面,全屏开机画面模块.

上电自检前期初始化芯片寄存器.

20

Relocate System Management Interrupt vector for all CPU in 重新安排所有CPU要用的系统管理中断向the system.

Uncompress and initialize any platform specific BIOS

modules. GPNV is initialized at this checkpoint.

量.

解压缩并初始化各个平台的细节模块.在这一步GPNV被初始化.

按照设计资料手册初始化不同的硬件设备.(得到更多的测试点信息,请看设计资料手册.)

24

2A

Initializes different devices through DIM Code

Checkpoints section of document for more information.

2C

Initializes different devices. Detects and initializes the video 继续初始化设备,检测并初始化所安装的显adapter installed in the system that have optional ROMs.

Initializes all the output devices.

示适配器(内建基本调用程序).

初始化所有的输出设备 2E

Allocate memory for ADM module and uncompress it. Give 解压缩ADM模块并分配其内存,把控制权31 control to ADM module for initialization. Initialize language

and font modules for te ADM module.

Initializes the silent boot module. Set the window for

displaying text information.

交给ADM模块去初始化.初始化语言和字体模块.

初始化"无声"(就是看不到基本信息,只有开机画面)启动模式.设置显示文字信息的窗口.

显示开始信息,CPU型号信息,进入设置模式信息(就是按什么键进入BIOS设置)和其他设备制造商的特别信息.

根据设计资料手册初始化不同设备,在这一步,USB控制器被初始化.

33

37

Displaying sign-on message, CPU information, setup key

message, and any OEM specific information.

Initializes different devices through DIM. See DIM Code

38 Checkpoints section of document for more information. USB

controllers are initialized at this point.

39 Initializes DMAC-1 & DMAC-2. 初始化DMA控制器1和2.

3A Initialize RTC date/time. 初始化实时时钟的时间日期.

Test for total memory installed in the system. Also, Check for 测试所有安装的内存.同时检测"DEL"和3B DEL or ESC keys to limit memory test. Display total memory "ESC"键,若按下,则停止测试内存.显示总in the system. 安装内存容量.

3C Mid POST initialization of chipset registers.

Detect different devices (Parallel ports, serial ports, and

在上电自检期间初始化芯片寄存器

40 coprocessor in CPU, … etc.) successfully installed in the

system and update the BDA,EBDA…etc.

Updates CMOS memory size from memory found in memory

test. Allocates memory for Extended BIOS Data Area from

检测设备(并口,串口,处理器...等等),更新BIOS数据区,扩展BIOS数据区.

根据测试到的内存大小更新CMOS数据.从基本内存中分配内存给扩展BIOS数据区.编程内存的缺口(针对某些需要调整内存大小的程序.)

初始化"NUM_LOCK"键的状态.设定键盘

重复按键的重复速率.

初始化INT-13,准备进行初始载入程序检测.

根据BIOS设定 和 ROM信息,初始化IPL的控制设备

记录在上电自检中遇到的错误.

显示错误给用户,检测用户对错误的处理动作.

进入BIOS设置程序如果需要或者用户选择,检查启动密码.

产生并重写ESCD(位于NVRam中).

52 base memory. Programming the memory hole or any kind of

implementation that needs an adjustment in system RAM

size if needed.

60

Initializes NUM-LOCK status and programs the KBD

typematic rate.

Initialize Int-13 and prepare for IPL detection. 75

78 Initializes IPL devices controlled by BIOS and option ROMs.

84 Log errors encountered during POST.

Display errors to the user and gets the user response for

error.

Execute BIOS setup if needed / requested. Check boot

password if installed.

Generate and write contents of ESCD in NVRam.

85

87

7C

8C Late POST initialization of chipset registers. 为上电自检末期初始化芯片寄存器.

建立高级电源控制界面(ACPI)表,如果支持的话.

8D Build ACPI tables (if ACPI is supported)

8E

Program the peripheral parameters. Enable/Disable NMI as 设定外围设备的参数,根据设定允许/禁止selected

Initialization of system management interrupt by invoking all

不可屏蔽中断(NMI).

初始化所有使用者之系统中断.(注意此步测试点在20H号以后进行.)

90 note this checkpoint comes right after

checkpoint 20h

A1 Clean-up work needed before booting to OS. 在准备启动到系统之前清除工作区.

Takes care of runtime image preparation for different BIOS

modules. Fill the free area in F000h segment with 0FFh.

A2 Initializes the Microsoft IRQ Routing Table. Prepares the

runtime language module. Disables the system configuration

display if needed.

A4

Initialize runtime language module. Display boot option

popup menu.

Displays the system configuration screen if enabled.

A7 Initialize the CPU’s before boot, which includes the

programming of the MTRR’s.

A9 Wait for user input at config display if needed.

(当心不同BIOS模块准备运行的时间),填充段0F000H为0FFH. 初始化微软的IRQ安排表,准备运行语言模块,禁止系统信息显示(如果需要的话.).

初始化运行语言模块,显示启动菜单.

如果允许,显示系统信息,初始化CPU在启动之前(包含在设置MTRR中).

如果需要,等待用户输入在信息显示之时.

卸载上电自检所用之INT1CH 和 INT09H向量.

准备进行INT19的启动引导,初始化MP表.

AA Uninstall POST INT1Ch vector and INT09h vector.

AB Prepare BBS for Int 19 boot. Init MP tables.

AC

End of POST initialization of chipset registers. De-initializes 为上电自检末期初始化芯片寄存器,不初始the ADM module.

Save system context for ACPI. Prepare CPU for OS boot

including final MTRR values.

Early CPU Init Start -- Disable Cache – Init Local APIC

化ADM模块.

保存ACPI的系统设备环境,设定CPU来准备进行操作系统启动(包括MTRR值).

前期CPU初始化开始:禁止缓存,初始化局部APIC.

设置协处理器信息.

B1

C0

C1 Set up boot strap processor Information

C2 Set up boot strap processor for POST 为上电自检设置协处理器

C5 Enumerate and set up application processors 列举并设置应用处理器

C6 Re-enable cache for boot strap processor 为协处理器使能缓存.

C7 Early CPU Init Exit

If boot block debugger is enabled, CPU cache-as-RAM

前期CPU初始化退出.

如果启动模块调试器允许,此时CPU

cache-as-RAM 功能使能,堆栈也会可以使用.

前期BSP 初始化,例如:微码更新,频率及其它 CPU默认的初始化.前期芯片初始化完成.

Before D0 functionality is enabled at this point. Stack will be enabled

from this point.

Early Boot Strap Processor (BSP) initialization like

D0 microcode update, frequency and other CPU critical

initialization. Early chipset initialization is done.

Early super I/O initialization is done including RTC and

keyboard port is enabled at this point if

D1 needed for debugging. NMI is m keyboard

controller BAT test. Save power-on CPUID value in scratch

CMOS. Go to flat mode with 4GB limit and GA20 enabled.

Verify the boot block checksum. System will hang here if

checksum is bad.

Disable CACHE before memory detection. Execute full

memory sizing module. If memory sizing module not

D3

executed, start memory refresh and do memory sizing in

Boot block code. Do additional chipset

-enable CACHE. Verify that flat mode is

enabled.

D4

Test base 512KB memory. Adjust policies and cache first

8MB. Set stack.

Bootblock code is copied from ROM to lower system

RAM. Copies compressed boot block code to memory in

right segments. Copies BIOS from ROM to RAM for

recovery status accordingly.

Both key sequence and OEM specific method is checked to

determine if BIOS recovery is forced. If BIOS recovery is

D6 necessary, control flows to checkpoint E0. See Bootblock

Recovery Code Checkpoints section of document for more

information.

Both key sequence and OEM specific method is checked to

determine if BIOS Restore CPUID value back into register.

D7 The module is moved to system memory and control is given

to it. Determine Bootblock-Runtime interface whether to

execute serial flash.

D8

前期I/O口初始化完成(包括实时时钟,键盘控制器)串口被使能如果调试需要的话,NMI 禁止,运行键盘控制器基本保证检验(BAT)测试.保存上电时的CPUID于CMOS暂存区.进入平坦模式(寻址4GB空间),GA20允许.

检验启动模块的校验码,如果校验出错,则系统挂起.

在内存检测之前禁止缓存,执行内存大小检测模块.如果该模块没有执行,开始内存刷新并在启动模块代码里面执行内存大小检测.进行额外的芯片初始化工作,重新使能缓存,验证平坦模式是否使能.

测试基本的512K内存,调整分配策略并隐藏前8MB.设置堆栈.

从ROM中拷贝启动模块的代码到低端系解压缩的启动模块代码到高端内存,拷贝BIOS从ROM到内存以高速地访问.执行要恢复BIOS"的标志.

检测按键及OEM特殊方法是否激活来决定恢复/刷新BIOS软件.如果需要进行,则进入测试号E0H,(了解更多信息,请看启动模块中恢复/刷新BIOS部分的内容.)

D2

memory and control is given to it. BIOS now executes out of 统内存区,并把控制权交给启动模块.拷贝D5

faster access. Performs main BIOS checksum and updates BIOS主模块的校验并因此而更新"是否需检测按键及OEM特殊方法是否激活来决定是否恢复CPUID到寄存器中.该模块载入到系统内存并取得控制权,执行启动模块刷新接口(执行串口FLASH刷新).

The Runtime module is uncompressed into memory. CPUID 刷新模块解压缩到内存中.CPUID的信information is stored in memory. 息也保存在内存中.

D9

Store the Uncompressed pointer for future

保存解压缩指针以备将来在PMM中使用,use in PMM. Copying Main BIOS

into

拷贝主BIOS模块到内存中.许可所有低于memory. Leaves all RAM below 1MB

Read-Write including E000 and

F000 shadow

1MB的内存读写(包括0E000H-0F000H映射区域)但是关闭 SMRAM.

areas but closing SMRAM.

Restore CPUID value back into register. Give control to

DA BIOS POST (ExecutePOSTKernel). See POST Code

Checkpoints section of document for more information.

恢复CPUID值到寄存器中.移交控制权与BIOS POST(执行上电自检的内核.)了解更多信息,请参考POST Code Checkpoints

部分.(前面的03-08,C1-C8等)

系统从ACPI的S3模式唤醒. DC System is waking from ACPI S3 state

Initialize the floppy controller in the super I/O. Some interrupt 初始化I/O口中的软盘控制器及必需的一E0 vectors are initialized. DMA controller is initialized. 8259

interrupt controller is initialized. L1 cache is enabled.

OEM memory detection/configuration error. This range is

E1-E8 EC-EE

reserved for chipset vendors & system manufacturers. The

error associated with this value may be different from one

platform to the next.

Set up floppy controller and data. Attempt to read from

floppy.

Enable ATAPI hardware. Attempt to read from ARMD and

ATAPI CDROM.

Disable ATAPI hardware. Jump back to checkpoint E9.

些中断向量,DMA控制器,8259中断控制器等.使能一级缓存.

OEM 内存测试和配置错误,这部分号码为芯片制造商/系统制造商保留.这个错误内涵随着平台的不同而变化.

E9

设置软盘控制器和数据,尝试进行软驱读写.

允许ATAPI硬件(光驱等),尝试从ARMD/ATAPI读取信息.

禁止ATAPI硬件,跳转到测试号E9H.

EA

EB

EF Read error occurred on media. Jump back to checkpoint EB. 发生读介质错误,跳转到测试号EBH.

在启动目录里面查找每个预定义的恢复文件.

恢复文件(用来刷新BIOS的文件)没有找到.

F0 Search for pre-defined recovery file name in root directory.

F1 Recovery file not found.

F2

Start reading FAT table and analyze FAT to find the clusters 开始读取FAT表并分析恢复文件所在的occupied by the recovery file.

Start reading the recovery file cluster by cluster.

The recovery file size does not equal the found flash part

size.

Disable L1 cache.

簇.

开始一簇一簇地读取恢复文件.

恢复文件的大小和所检测到的FLASH

ROM的大小不符.

禁止一级缓存.

F3

F4

F5

FA

Check the validity of the recovery file configuration to the

current configuration of the flash part.

检测恢复文件和默认的FLASH芯片配置是否相符.

Make flash write enabled through chipset and OEM specific 通过芯片和OEM特殊方法使能FLASHFB method. Detect proper flash part. Verify that the found flash 芯片读写.检测正确的FLASH芯片,检验其part size equals the recovery file size. 大小是否和恢复文件的大小相符.

FC Erase the flash part. 擦除FLASH芯片.

FD Program the flash part. 编程写入FLASH芯片.

BIOS已经被成功地更新,禁止FLASH芯片写入.禁止ATAPI硬件,恢复CPUID值到寄存器中,把控制权交给0F000H ROM(在0F000:FFF0H)

The flash has been updated successfully. Make flash write

FF e ATAPI hardware. Restore CPUID value

back into register. Give control to F000 ROM at F000:FFF0h.

注:上面表格并不是以计算机系统启动的顺序而定的,此表可作为一个参考资料.错误之处,请网友指出.谢谢.