人教版英语必修一Unit 4 Earthquake知识点总结详解整理

人教版英语必修一Unit 4 Earthquake知识点总结详解整理

必修一

Unit 4 Earthquake

Section A&B&C

1. a big earthquake一场大地震

2. sth. happen to sb.某人发生了某事

3. right away= at once= in no time立刻，马上

4. 【辨析】

rise

“上升”，不及物动词，无被动

rise-rose-risen

raise

(1) “上升，举起”，及物动词

(2) “喂养”，例句：I raised a dog.我喂养了一只狗。

5. crack (n.裂缝&v.破裂)

A deep crack一道深深的裂缝 The glass cracked.玻璃破裂了。

6. smelly gas有臭味的气体

7. in the farmyard在农家庭院 on the farm在农场

8. 太...而不能...

【拓展】表肯定：

 (only/but/all/simply/just)+too+心理状态形容词/描述性形容词+to “非常”

心理状态形容词：anxious/eager/glad/pleased/thankful/delighted等

描述性形容词： easy/good/kind等

I'm only too delighted to accept your invitation.我非常高兴接受你的邀请。

 not/“做某事还不/决不太...”

例句：It's never too old to learn.活到老，学到老。

【注意】can//“无论怎样也不过分，无论怎么都不够”

You can’t be too careful when crossing the road.过马路是，你再怎么小心也不为过。

9. 现在分词短语做状语：表原因、时间、结果、条件、目的、让步、方式或伴随情况等。

(1) 伴随状语

He sat at the table reading China Daily.他坐在桌子旁看《中国日报》

(2) 原因状语

 Being ill, she didn’t go to school as usual today.因为生病，她今天没像往常一样去上学。

(3)时间状语

Having persuaded him to change his mind, I went on a journey with him.说服他改变主意后，我跟他一块儿去旅行了。

(4)结果状语

The mother died, leaving a lot of money for her children.那位母亲去世了，给她的孩子们留下了一大笔钱。

(5)条件状语

Turning right, you will find the place you want.右转弯，你就会找到你要找的地方。

(6)目的状语

She was hugging her daughter, hoping to calm her down.她拥抱着她的女儿，希望能让她平静下来。

【注意】

①现在分词否定式：not+现在分词

②现在分词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。

10. a water pipe一个水管

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人教版英语必修一Unit 4 Earthquake知识点总结详解整理

11. burst

➢ v.(使)爆裂；(使)膨胀；爆发； burst-burst-burst

The water pipe cracked and burst.

➢ n.突发，爆发

There was a burst of laughter in the next room.隔壁房间里突然爆发出一阵笑声。

➢ v.猛冲；突然出现

He burst into the room without knocking.他没敲门就闯进了房间。

【拓展】

 burst into+名词=burst out doing 突然...起来

burst into tears=burst out crying 突然哭起来/ burst into laughter=burst out laughing突然笑起来

 burst in闯进

 be bursting with充满；爆满

The roads are bursting with cars.车辆把那些道路挤满了。

 a burst of (突然)一阵

12. million百万

【用法】one million一百万 several million几百万

a dozen million一千两百万 millions of+名词 几百万...

【其他数字用法】tens of 数以万计的...

hundreds of 几十万

【其他表示数字的词】 dozen一打(十二) score(二十)

13. event n.

(1) 事件；(尤指)大事

 current/the latest events当前事件/最新事件

(2) (体育比赛等的)项目，赛事

 one of the major sporting events of the year年度重大体育赛事之一

【辨析】

event The Asian Games were one of the major sporting events

重要事件；比赛项目

of the year.亚运会是年度重大体育赛事之一。

accident Over 70,000 people are seriously injured every year in

偶然或意外发生的不幸事情

road accidents.每年在道路事故中受伤的人有七万多。

incident

①小事件或附带事件 The incident was noticed in a magazine.这一事件在一②政治上有影响的事件或事变 份杂志里出现了。

14. think highly/much of sb. 重视，高度评价

think little/nothing of sb.几乎不考虑；对...不重视，忽视

think ill of认为...不好，说...坏话 think well of 认为...好，器重

15. as if=as though+句子 “好像 even if= even though+句子 “尽管”

【注意】(1)as if/though引导表语从句：

陈述语气：接近事实

一般过去时：与现在/将来事实相反

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人教版英语必修一Unit 4 Earthquake知识点总结详解整理

连系动词look/seem/feel + as if/though +从句 虚拟语气

过去完成时：与过去事实相反

It looks as if it will rain before long.看起来一会儿就要下雨了。(陈述语气)

It seems as if he knew everything.他似乎是个万事通。(虚拟语气)

(2) as if还可引导方式状语从句，用法与引导表语从句时类似。

(3)as if用于省略句，结构为：as if+名词/不定式/分词等

 He acts as if (he were) a fool.他做事像个傻子。

16. at an end完毕，结束(在句中做表语)

【拓展】in the 在...末端 to an end= bring/put an 使...终止

in the end=finally最终 come to an end结束

17. 三分之一：one third 三分之二：two thirds 二又五分之三：two and three fifths

【规则】分子在前，分母在后

分子基数词，分母序数词

分子大于等于2时，分母为复数形式

【拓展】

可数名词复数+复数谓语

➢ 分数/百分比+of + 可数名词单数+单数谓语

不可数名词+单数谓语

More than 70% of the surface of the earth is covered by water.地球超过70%的表面被水覆盖。

➢ Some of, plenty of, a lot of, most of, the rest of, all of, half of, part of+名词作为主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据of后的名词或代词的单复数。

A lot of parcels are transported to all over China during the “Double-11” festival every year.

每年双十一期间，有大量包裹运往中国各地。

A lot of money has been wasted for no reason.许多钱被无缘无故地浪费了。

18. cut across横切，穿过，抄近路

19. dirt不可数名词，且前面无冠词the

20. ruin

➢ (n.)废墟，断壁残垣，破灭(表“废墟，遗迹”时通常用复数ruins)

We saw the ruins of the church.我们看到了这座教堂的废墟。

【常用搭配】be/lie in ruins严重受损，破败不堪

➢ v. 毁坏，毁灭，灭亡，使破产

ruin sb./sth.

Heavy smoke ruined his health.重度吸烟毁了他的健康。

【拓展】go/come to ruin衰落，败落 fall into ruin衰落，败落

bring sth. to ruin使某物毁灭 bring sb. to ruin使某人破产

ruin oneself自我毁灭 ruin one’s hopes使某人希望破灭

【单复数意义不同的词】

单数 复数 单数 复数

arm手臂 arms武器 green绿色 greens青菜

damage损害 damages赔偿费 force力量 forces军队，兵力

instruction指导 instructions说明(书) sand沙子 sands沙滩，沙地

direction方向 directions说明(书) spirit精神 spirits情绪，心情

work工作 works著作，作品 paper纸 papers论文，试卷

21. extreme adj.极度的(无比较级和最高级)

extremely adv.极度地(无比较级和最高级)

22. injured adj.受伤的 the injured受伤的人 injury n.受伤，伤害

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人教版英语必修一Unit 4 Earthquake知识点总结详解整理

injure (vt.)

因意外事故造成的伤

wound (vt./n.)

刀伤，枪伤，刺伤，战场受伤

hurt (vt./vi/n.)

对肉体或心灵的伤害

Harm (vt./n.)

伤及健康、权力、事业等

23. everywhere(无论什么地方)+句子

Everywhere they looked, everything was destroyed.他们看到的所有地方，所有东西都被毁了。

24. be gone消失了，没有了

Their homes were gone.他们的家没有了。

25. blow sth. away吹走，驱散 blow-blew-blown

No wind however, could blow them away.但是没有风可以吹走他们。

26. shock v&n

(1) v.使震惊；使难以置信

【搭配】 it shocked sb. to 看到/听到……使某人震惊

It shocked them to hear that the hospital was closing down. 听说这家医院即将关闭,他们惊讶不已。

(2) n.休克;打击;(令人)震惊(的事)

 be a shock to sb.对某人来说是一个打击

 be in a state of shock惊魂未定/处于休克状态

 suffer from shock陷入休克状态

【单词积累】

(1) shocked adj.惊慢的，感到震惊的；愤慨的,十分厌恶的

 be shocked at/by对……感到震惊/被……震惊

 be shocked to do sth.对做某事感到震惊

 shocked look/ expression/ voice震惊的表情/声音

 stand in shocked silence惊愕地站着,一言不发

 too shocked to talk愕然无语

 be deeply shocked at her behaviour对她的行为深感厌恶

(2) shocking adj.令人震惊的,令人憎恶的

 the shocking news令人震惊的消息

 It’s shocking that..… …是令人憎恶的

27. rescue

➢ vt.营救；援救

rescue ...from sth./doing sth.把...从...中救出来

➢ n.援救，营救；救援行动

come/go to one’s rescue(=rescue sb.)援救/帮助某人

rescue workers营救人员

a rescue team一个救援队伍

28. trap

➢ vt.使陷入困境；困住，关住 (trap-trapped-trapped)

be =be 被困在...中，陷入...中

trap sb. into doing sth.陷害/诱骗某人做某事

➢ n.(捕捉动物的)陷阱；圈套，诡计；困境，牢笼

29. last+一段时间 “持续了...”

The rescue work lasted a week.营救工作持续了一个星期。

30. 【部分否定】表示全体意义的代词、形容词或副词，如all, both, every, everything, everybody,

everyone, always, wholly等和否定副词not连用时均表示部分否定，意思为“并非都...，并非总是...”

All hope was not lost.=Not all hope was lost.并不是所有的希望都消失了。

【全部否定】表示全部否定意义的词(no, none, neither, nothing, nobody, never等)与肯定形式的谓语连4 / 6

人教版英语必修一Unit 4 Earthquake知识点总结详解整理

用。

None of us could persuade him into giving up smoking.我们当中没有人能说服他戒烟。

31. dig out挖掘；发现 (dig-dug-dug)

dig sth. out把某物挖出来

32. bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏

He buried his face in his hands and burst into tears.他双手掩面突然大哭起来。

He likes to bury himself in the country.他喜欢隐居乡间。

【拓展】bury oneself in=be buried in埋头于，专心于

be lost in陷入...中

专心于，致力于 devote oneself to=be devoted to专心于，献身于

fix/focus/concentrate one’s attention on/upon专心于，致力于，集中注意力于

33. in the 在...方向

in the north of the city= in the northern part of the city在城市的北方(在内部)

在...北方 to the north of (不接壤)

on the north of (在外部，接壤)

34. a cool mine一个煤矿

35. fresh water淡水

36. a (great) number of (许多，大量的)+可数名词复数+复数谓语

the number of (...的数量)+可数名词复数+单数谓语

37. damage vt.&n.伤害，损失

do/cause 对...造成伤害

【辨析】

damage

局部伤害，使整体价值变低或变得You have damaged my bike.你弄坏了我的自行车。

无作用、无价值

ruin

一般指经过长时间的侵蚀。也常指You’ll ruin the chance of getting the job if you wear

对美好的或有希望的事物的破坏。 that shirt for the interview.如果穿那件衬衫去面试，你会断送得到那份工作的机会。

destroy

完全的破坏，常含不能修复的意All the houses in the village were destroyed in the

思，也可表示在肉体上、精神上或earthquake.在地震中，这个村庄的所有房子都被毁道义上彻底摧毁。 坏了。

38. Frightening adj.令人恐惧的

【常用搭配】

(1)frighten vt使惊吓;吓唬

frighten sb. into doing sth.恐吓某人做某事

frighten sb. out of doing sth.吓得某人不做某事

(2) frightened ad受惊的,受恐吓的

be frightened of (doing) sth.害怕(做)某事

be frightened at sth.因某事/某物而害怕

39. Congratulation n.祝贺；(复数) 贺词，贺语

Congratulations on sth.祝贺你...

offer/send one’s congratulations (to sb.) on sth. = congratulate sb. on sth. (向某人)祝贺某事

例句：Congratulations on your success.= Congratulate you on your success. 恭喜你成功了。

【比较】

congratulate (祝贺)+宾语(人) →congratulate sb. on sth.

celebrate(庆贺)+宾语(生日、胜利、纪念日等)

40. be pleased to do很高兴做...；乐于做...

41. be proud of sb./sth.因...而骄傲，为...感到自豪

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人教版英语必修一Unit 4 Earthquake知识点总结详解整理

take 因...感到自豪

42. would like to do愿意做...

43. have sb. Do sth.让某人做某事

44. invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事

45. judge

➢ n.裁判员;法官;评判员;审判员

He acts as the judge at the speech contest.他担任这次演讲比赛的裁判。

The judge sentenced him to five years in prison. 法官判他5年监禁。

➢ v.断定;判断;判决

【搭配】judging by/from由…判断

as far as I can judge据我判断

Judging from his accent, he is from Shanghai.根据口音来判断,他是上海人。

As far as I can judge, Li Ming is more reliable.据我判断，李明更可靠。

【注意】judging 在句中作独立成分，不受句子主语的影响和限制，表达是说话者的看法或判断，类似 judging 用作独立成分的还有:

generally/exactly/frankly/honestly speaking 一般地/确切地/坦率地/诚实地说

considering(that)…考虑到…，鉴于…，就……而言

providing/ provided (that)… 假知…，倘若…

46. Express

➢ v.表达，表示，表露

express sth. to sb.向某人表达某事

express one’s thanks/gratitude to sb.向某人表达感谢

express oneself表达自己的思想感情

Please express my thanks to your father.请向你的父亲表达我的感谢。

➢ n.特快列车；快递

➢ adj.特快的，快递的

an express train特快列车

express delivery service快递服务

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