考研英语阅读中常见词汇短语

考研英语阅读理解常考词汇总结

太奇考研—朱泰祺

1.表达作者态度的常考词语

amazed 感到惊讶的；amazing令人惊讶的；ambiguous模棱两可的； approved 公认的； approving赞许的；arbitrary武断的；bewildering (=puzzling) 令人迷惑的；biased (=prejudiced)有偏见的，偏心的；critical持批评态度的； depressed 感到沮丧的；depressing 令人沮丧的；depressive 压抑的，忧愁的；disappointed(=dismayed, frustrated)感到失望的；disappointing令人失望的； doubtful怀疑的，拿不稳的；dubious有问题的，靠不住的，值得怀疑的，犹豫不决的；enthusiastic 热情的；gloomy沮丧的，忧愁的, hostile 敌对的；humorous 幽然的；identical 相同的；impartial(=detached，neutral, even-handed)公平的，不偏不倚的，公正的，没有偏见的；indifferent漠不关心的，满不在乎的；indignant (对不公平) 愤慨的；ironic 讽刺的；merciful 宽容的，仁慈的；negative否定的，消极的，反面的； neutral中立的，不偏不倚的； objectionable引起反对的，令人反感的； objective客观的； opposed反对的； opposite 对立的；optimistic乐观的；outraged 气愤的；partial 不公平的； perplexed 感到困惑的；pessimistic 悲观的, positive肯定的，正面的；prejudiced有偏见的； puzzled感到困惑的； puzzling令人困惑的；radical激进的，极端的； resentful 表示怨恨的；reserved 有保留的，内向的；reserved consent 有保留的同意；respectable 可敬的，高尚的；respectful 充满敬意的，有礼貌的；rival (=competitive) 竞争的；scared惊恐的，恐慌的, sensible 明智的，通情达理的；sensitive敏感的,

skeptical 怀疑的；slight contempt 稍有蔑视；subjective主观的；supportive 支持的，suspicious可疑的，疑心的, sympathetic同情的；tentative试探性的。

2.与经济有关的常考词语

alleviate the Asian financial crisis 缓解亚洲金融危机，apply economic sanctions against that country 对那个国家进行经济制裁。banking industry 金融业，business partners 商业伙伴，budget n./v. 预算。business concentration 企业集中，business cycle 经济循环，business management 企业管理。 cost efficiency 成本效益，commodity prices 商品价格，commercial promotion商业促销，channels of revenue 收入渠道，contentious trade issue有争议的贸易问题，customs revenues 关税收入，credit赊购，a credit balance of $250 二百五十美元的存款余额，devalued dollar 美元贬值，double-digit inflation 十位数的通货膨涨。economic recession 经济不景气，economic depression 经济萧条，economic decline 经济衰退，economic revival 经济复苏，emerging countries

新兴国家，established business partners固定的商业伙伴，energy-intensive industries能源密集型工业。fading industrial competitiveness 日益削弱的工业竞争力。family economics家庭经济状况。fair play 公平竞争。foreign investment 外国投资，fluctuate crude oil prices (fluctuation of crude oil prices)使原油价格波动，falling oil revenue日益减少的石油收入。economic globalization process 经济全球化过程，global excess demand

全球过量需求。improvement in the export climate 改善出口环境，injury claims伤害索赔，interest-bearing cheque accounts有息支票账户，investment returns投资回报。market-oriented economy 市场导向的经济，make profit 营利，maximize profits 使利润最大化，merger and acquisition合并和收购，multinationals跨国公司，marketing messages销售信息。operating costs 营业费用。package deal 一揽子交易，price system 价格体系，price index 价格指数, pickup in capital spending 资金投放增加，private-enterprise 私人经营，production costs 生产成本，productive resources 生产资料，provide fur

ther credits for the company向公司提供进一步的信贷。real economy实体经济。retail

price 零售价, raise tariff barriers against foreign imports 提高对外国进口货的关税壁垒, re-engineering and downsizing 工程改组和缩小规模，real-estate broker 房地产经记人。revenue （税收等的）收入。scrutiny 精查细看。shift production from one place to another 把生产从一地转移到另一地，surplus in trade 贸易顺差，suspension of exports 中止出口，securities股票，有价证券。tap the consumer market 扩大消费市场， the total collapse of national economy 国民经济的全面崩溃, trade and investment barriers 贸易和投资壁垒，tax cuts in this year’s budget 本年度预算中税收削减，trade barrier 贸易壁垒，trade balance贸易平衡，trade imbalance贸易不平衡。

3.与计算机技术有关的常考词语

point and click点击，web business 网上经营，integrated circuit 集成电路，conduct online transactions 进行网上交易，give sb the company's private internet 使某人能进入公司内部的互联网，software company 软件公司，computer monitor计算机监视器，a company's web site 公司网站，Internet sign-up互联网帖子， online world网上世界，brief 短讯，a database on the Internet互联网上的资料库，interactive 人机互动的，交互式的，check a database检查资料库，sign up for … 登录要求得到…，key in v. 键入，E-mail one's resume to sb. 把某人的履历用电子邮件发给…，online culture 网上文化，Internet marketing activities 互联网上的销售活动，Net purists 网络净化者，computer

education advocates计算机教育鼓吹者，screen saver 屏幕保护。products compatible

with the Windows operating system 与示窗操作系统兼容的产品。

4. As 用法小结

as of (=as from) 从……起。例如：1) You are in charge (负责) as of today. 2) The agreement starts as from March 13.

as for至于。例如：1) As for me, I shall return there on arrival. 2) As for me, I'm

in favor of the first view.

as to关于；至于。例如：He asked my advice as to what to do next.

as with与 ……一样。例如：As with so many of the major problems of society, the

precise extent and nature of the environmental crisis are not entirely clear.

as against (=in contrast with) 与……相对照。例如：1) She gets Saturdays off in her new job as against working alternate weekends in her last one. (她新找的这份工作星期六放假，而原来的那份工作周末是隔周放假。) 2) The business done this year amounts to $20,000 as against $ 15,000 last year.

as regards至于。例如：There are no special rules as regards what clothes you should wear. (至于应该穿什么衣服没有硬性规定。)

as follows如下。例如：1) The reasons are as follows. 2) The report reads as follows.

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as it were可以说，姑且这么说。例如：He is, as it were, a walking dictionary. (他，可以说，是一部活词典。)

as opposed to和 ……相反。例如：John likes rice, as opposed to Mary, who hates

it.

as soon as possible尽快地。例如：We should take steps as soon as possible.

may(might , could) as well do sth. 不妨，最好（做某事）。例如：Since it is too late, we might as well go back home.

as a rule通常。例如：1) As a rule they sat together very quietly. 2) His writing as

a rule is elegant.

as yet到这时为止（还没有）：But none of these are as yet carefully thought-out plans.

such … as to这样 …… 以致。例如：I went about my job in such a way as to try

to kill two birds with one stone.

not so much …as与其说……，倒不如说…… ：The trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn't bothered by his loudness so much as by his lack of talent. (这个吹号手的声音确实很大，但我烦的与其说是他吹得太响，倒不如说是他缺乏天分。)

such as例如：Studies show that the things that contribute most to a sense of happiness cannot be bought with money, such as a good family life, friendship and work satisfaction. (研究表明，那些最能使人产生幸福感的东西是不能用金钱买到的，如和睦的家庭生活、友谊和事业上的满足感。)

as long as (=so long as)只要（引导条件从句）：As long as he works hard, I don’t

mind when he finishes the experiment.

Just as … so …正如 …… 一样，……也……。例如：Just as air is important to man, so is water to fish.

as though (=as if ) 似乎。例如：Christie stared angrily at her boss and turned away, as though to go out of the office.

much as虽然。例如：Much as I admired David as a poet, I don't like him as a man. (虽然我仰慕作为诗人的大卫，但我不喜欢他的为人。)

as 虽然 (引导部分倒装的让步从句)：Young as he is, he knows a lot. (他虽年轻，但很懂事。)

as作关系代词，引导定语从句，代表整个主句的意思：1）A good many proposals were raised by the delegates, as was to be expected . (正如所料，代表们提出了许多建议。) 2) As might be expected, the response to the question was mixed. (正如所料，人们对这个问题观点不一。)

as…as引出比较状语从句：Americans eat twice as much protein as they actually need every day. (美国人摄取的蛋白质是他们实际需要量的两倍。)

As is often the case事情常常是这样：As is often the case, it happened so gradually that it was barely perceptible.

5. 常考同义词和近义词

控告某人犯了…… accuse sb. of sth, charge sb. with sth；夸大exaggerate，overestimate，overvalue，overrate，magnify；缩小（低估）underestimate，undervalue，minimize；使困惑puzzle，bewilder，confuse，perplex；影响affect, influence, impact (on),

bear on ；控制control，dominate，curb，regulate，harness (=control and use)；污染pollute，contaminate，foul；计算calculate，compute，reckon；出现appear，emerge，come into being；关心care for，foster，be concerned about；把……归因于owe … to，attribute … to，refer … to；减轻，缓解ease，alleviate，relieve；给予render，offer，impart，confer；实现realize，effect；炫耀show off ，parade；自尊心ego，pride，self-esteem，dignity；涌入crowd into，pour into，stream into，swarm into，pack into；

体现express，embody；决定decide，determine，elect，make up one's mind；渴望desire，long (for)，aspire to，pant；改进improve，mend；消除eliminate，remove，erase，get rid of；威胁threat，menace；聚精会神做be absorbed in doing，be immersed in doing；有偏见的biased，partial，prejudiced；损害spoil，impair，harm，endanger；包含，包括embrace，comprise，encompass，include；停止stop，halt，cease；持久last，endure；推进further，promote；上升rise，escalate，go up，climb；繁荣prosper, flourish，thrive；容忍bear，tolerate，put up with，brook；缺点shortcoming，defect，drawback，flaw，setback；指望，依靠count on，depend on，rely on，reckon on，bank on，lean on；倾向于tend to，be inclined to，be liable to，be apt to；怀疑的skeptical，dubious，doubtful，suspicious；减少decrease，decline, reduce，diminish，temper，moderate；索然无味的uninteresting，dull，tedious，boring；不偏不倚的impartial，detached，neutral，unbiased；有意的purposeful，deliberate，intentional；培训train，practice，nurture；不理会ignore，discount，disregard，pay no attention to，turn a deaf ear to；改变change，alter，modify，remold，reshape；增加increase，augment，add to，multiply；抛弃discard，abandon，desert，give up，get rid of；浪费waste；dissipate；废除abolish, do away with, scrap；揭露disclose，reveal，unveil；性格，脾气personality，disposition；谨慎的careful，discreet，prudent，cautious；厌恶，怨恨disgust，resent，hate；满足meet，satisfy，cater to；沉思，细想ponder，meditate，think deeply，dwell on；必然包含involve，entail；忽略，疏忽overlook, neglect，give no attention to；使沮丧，使失望disappoint, frustrate，dismay, let sb. down，depress；诱惑 lure, tempt, induce；讽刺satire, sarcasm，irony；造成，引起cause, pose,

bring about, give rise to，evoke。发人深省set sb. thinking, be thought-provoking；利用make use of, take advantage of, utilize, harness；来自于come from, result from,

arise from, stem from, derive from挫伤，使灰心：discourage, frustrate, upset；严肃的earnest, serious, grave, solemn；对…感兴趣be interested in sth, be struck by sth.；拒绝，不给refuse, deny, withhold, keep back；欣赏enjoy, relish, appreciate；假装pretend, sham；膺品fake, sham；照管take care of , look after, tend；(使)恶化make sth. worse, aggravate, deteriorate, sour；主要的，首要的primary, main, chief，principal, sovereign