三级笔译(2018年6月,2019年6月和11月)

2019年6月

EC

Both WHO’s constitution and the Universal Declaration of Human Right assert that health is a

human right, not a privilege for those who can afford it. Over time, that right has made its way into

both national and international law. But importantly, the right to health is not simply a noble idea

on a piece of paper.

世界卫生组织《组织法》与《世界人权宣言》(Universal Declaration of Human Right)均强调健康是一项人权，而不是那些有经济实力者享有的特权。随着时间的推移，健康权已逐渐载入各国法律和国际法律。但重要的是，健康权绝非只是纸上空谈。

It has been a platform for major improvements in global health. Since 1948, life expectancy has

increased by 25 years. Maternal and childhood mortality have plummeted. Smallpox has been

eradicated and polio is on the brink. We have turned the tide on the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Deaths

from malaria have dropped dramatically. New vaccines have made once-feared diseases easily

preventable. And there are many other causes for celebration. But even as we continue to struggle

with old threats, new ones have arisen. Climate change will have profound effects on health.

Antimicrobial resistance has the potential to undo the gains of modern medicine. Vaccine hesitancy

is putting millions of young lives at risk. Noncommunicable diseases, including heart disease, stroke,

cancer diabetes, hypertension, lung diseases and mental illnesses have become the major killers of

our time. And of course, we continue to face the ever-present threat of outbreaks and other health

emergencies.

健康权一直是全球健康状况得以获得重大改善的平台。自1948年以来，预期寿命延长了25岁。产妇和儿童死亡率快速下跌。天花已被消灭，脊髓灰质炎也已处在被消灭的边缘。艾滋病毒/艾滋病的势头得到扭转。疟疾致死的现象急剧减少。得益于新疫苗的出现，曾经让人谈虎色变的疾病也变得易于预防。还有其他进步可喜可贺。但是，就在我们继续对抗既有健康威胁之时，新的健康威胁已经出现。气候变化会对健康产生深远影响。抗微生物药物耐药性有可能让现代医学取得的成果荡然无存。“疫苗犹豫”正危及数百万年轻人的生命。心脏病、中风、癌症、糖尿病、高血压、肺病和精神疾病等非传染性疾病已成为当今时代的头号杀手。当然，我们还无时不刻不在面临着疫情和其他突发卫生事件的威胁。

In the past 12 months, WHO has responded to 47 emergencies in 50 countries. We are

currently responding to an outbreak of Ebola in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, very near

the border with Uganda. As of today, there have been 373 cases and 216 deaths since the outbreak

started in August. So far, we have managed to prevent Ebola from spreading across the border,

largely because we have much better tools with which to fight Ebola than at any time in history.

More than 32,000 people have been vaccinated, which is one of the reasons the outbreak has not

spread further than it has. We also have ways to treat those infected. So far, 150 people have been

treated with one of four drugs. 14 million travelers have been screened, there have been more than

190 safe and dignified burials, we have done door-to-door advocacy in almost 4000 households and

we have trained more than 500 community leaders. But this outbreak has been much more difficult

to control, largely because of the security situation in eastern DRC. Armed groups operating in the

area conduct regular attacks on the city of Beni, the epicentre of the outbreak. And every time

there is an attack, the virus gets an advantage. Vaccination and contact tracing are disrupted.

在过去的12个月内，世卫组织应对了50个国家47起突发事件。我们目前正在处理邻近乌干达边境的刚果民主共和国爆发的埃博拉疫情。自8月爆发以来，迄今已有373例病例和216例死亡。到目前为止，我们已成功阻止埃博拉病毒蔓延越过边境，这主要因为我们采用了有史以来最好的几种手段对抗埃博拉病毒。超过3.2万人接种了疫苗，这是疫情没有进一步扩散的原因之一。此外，我们也有治疗感染者的方法。到目前为止，已有150人接受了四种药物中的一种治疗。1400万游客经过筛查;超过190人得到安全、体面埋葬;挨家挨户宣传达到近4000户;500多名社区领导接受了培训。但此次疫情控制难度加大，这主要归咎于刚果民主共和国东部的安全局势。在该地区作战的武装分子频繁袭击疫情中心贝尼市(Beni)，而每次袭击都为病毒创造了有利条件，中断了疫苗接种和接触者追踪工作。

Health security and health systems are two sides of the same coin. The best long-term

investment in protecting and promoting the right to health is to invest in stronger health systems.

Because there is simply no other way to achieve universal health coverage and the Sustainable

Development Goals than primary health care, with a focus on health promotion and disease

prevention. But it will also require WHO and the global health community to work in a much more

integrated and coherent way. That’s why WHO and 10 other international health agencies have

agreed to work together on a Global Action Plan for Healthy Lives and Well-Being. The plan has

three strategic approaches: integrate, accelerate and account. First, we have committed to integrate

many of our processes to increase our collective efficiency. Second, we have committed to

accelerate progress by identifying areas of work in which we can truly bend the curve and make

more rapid progress towards the health-related SDGs – like research and development, data and

sustainable financing. And third, we have committed to keep each other accountable, both to the

people we serve, and to the donors and partners who expect results from the resources they give

us.

卫生安全和医疗卫生体系是同一事物的两个方面。保护和促进健康权的最佳长期投资方式是投资更强大的医疗卫生体系。初级卫生保健以促进健康和预防疾病为重点，而除了初级卫生保健，根本没有其他方法可以实现全民健康覆盖与可持续发展目标(Sustainable Development Goals)。但这还需要世卫组织与全球卫生界加强协调合作。这就是世卫组织与其他10个国际卫生机构同意共同推行“全球健康生活与福祉行动计划”(Global Action Plan for Healthy Lives and Well-Being)的原因。这项计划有三大战略方法：整合流程、加快进程与承担责任。首先，我们已承诺整合诸多流程，提高集体效率。其次，我们已承诺，通过确定能够真正扭转局势的工作领域(如研发、数据和可持续融资领域)，加速实现与健康相关的可持续发展目标，从而加快进程。最后，我们已承诺人人承担责任，不仅对所服务的对象负责，也要对出资出力、期待其有所成效的捐助者与合作者负责。

CE

互联网在中国改革开放中的重要作用怎么说都不为过。从2000年开始，中国互联网应用的普及，到现在快20年的时间。尤其是在最后的这15年，互联网为保持高速发展起到了决定性的作用。经济发展有两个东西是至关重要的：第一就是提高生产效率，提升产品质量，生产出更有创意的设计；第二就是保持渠畅通，使工厂生产的东西以最快的速度、最低的成本送到消费者的手里。互联网在这两个环节都为中国的产业发展起到了决定性的作用。

The importance of the Internet in China’s reform and opening up cannot be overstated. The

year of 2000 marks the beginning of nearly two decades’ popularity the Internet has enjoyed in

China. Especially over the last 15 years, the Internet has played a decisive role in sustaining rapid

development of the country. Economic development is enabled, crucially, by two factors: first, the

improvement of production efficiency with higher product quality and more creative designs, and

second, open channels through which factory products can be delivered to customers at the fastest

speed and lowest cost. That is how the Internet decisively accounts for China’s industrial

development.

互联网的发展在设计理念和设计人才方面极大的缩小了我们与国际先进的国家的差距。通过互联网，

我们可以通过互联网以更快的速度获取全球最先进的设计技术和理念。更重要的是通过互联网可以产生更多的效应。这就极大地加快了经济发展的速度。

The development of the Internet has significantly narrowed our gap with advanced countries

in design concepts and design talents. We are offered a faster access to the world’s state-of-the-art

design techniques and concepts by the Internet. More importantly, the Internet can bring about

more effects. This has greatly accelerated economic development.

在渠道的领域，互联网的效果更加明显，比如电商。老百姓通过互联网更容易表达他自己的意愿，更容易对我们现有的一些产品提出一些批评性的意见，而这些也都更好地推动企业的生产，推动政府职能的现代化。首先，是城市人和农村人在获取信息和沟通信息上平等，大家都可以通过互联网实时看到中国的发展和中国城市的发展。互联网刺激百姓谋求美好生活的意愿，并且将意愿化为前行的强大动力。

As for channels, the Internet has an even more evident effect, for example, on e-commerce. It

has made it easier for ordinary people to express their own will, and share critical comments on

some of our existing products, which will facilitate the production of enterprises and the

modernization of government functions. Firstly, people in urban and rural areas, by going online,

are equal in accessing and communicating information, which allows all of them to see the

development of China and Chinese cities in real time. The Internet then stimulates the aspirations

of common people to seek a better life, and turns their aspirations into a powerful driving force for

development.

2019年11月

EC

In today’s interconnected world, culture's power to transform societies is clear. Its diverse

manifestations – from our cherished historic monuments and museums to traditional practices

and contemporary art forms –enrich our everyday lives in countless ways. Heritage constitutes a

source of identity and cohesion for communities disrupted by bewildering change and economic

instability. Creativity contributes to building open, inclusive and pluralistic societies. Both heritage

and creativity lay the foundations for vibrant, innovative and prosperous knowledge societies.

在今天这个相互关联的世界里，文化改变社会的力量是显而易见的。它多样的表现形式——从我们

珍视的历史遗迹和博物馆到传统习俗和当代艺术形式——以无数方式丰富了我们的日常生活。遗产是被令人困惑的变化和经济不稳定扰乱的社区的身份和凝聚力的来源。创造力有助于建设开放、包容和富有吸引力的社会。遗产和创造力为充满活力、创新和繁荣的知识社会奠定了基础。

What is culture? Culture is who we are and what shapes our identity. No development can be

sustainable without including culture. UNESCO ensures that the role of culture is recognized

through a majority of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including those focusing on

quality education, sustainable cities, the environment, economic growth, sustainable consumption

and production patterns, peaceful and inclusive societies, gender equality and food security.

UNESCO is convinced that no development can be sustainable without a strong culture component.

什么是文化?文化是我们是谁，是什么塑造了我们的身份。没有文化，任何发展都是不可持续的。教科文组织确保文化的作用通过大多数可持续发展目标得到承认，包括那些注重质量教育、可持续城市、环境、经济增长、可持续消费和生产模式、和平和包容性社会、性别平等和粮食安全的目标。教科文组织坚信，没有强大的文化成分，任何发展都是不可持续的。

To ensure that culture takes its rightful place in development strategies and processes,

UNESCO has adopted a three-pronged approach: it spearheads worldwide advocacy for culture and

development, while engaging with the international community to set clear policies and legal

frameworks and working on the ground to support governments and local stakeholders to

safeguard heritage, strengthen creative industries and encourage cultural pluralism.

为了确保文化在发展战略和进程中占据应有的位置，教科文组织采取了一种三管齐下的方法:它的倡导者在世界范围内倡导文化和发展，同时与国际社会一道制定明确的政策和法律框架，并在实地支持政府和地方利益攸关方保护遗产、加强创意产业和鼓励文化多元化。

Today, creativity is emerging as one of the most promising avenues for changing how we see

cities. Whether by revitalizing the local economy, rethinking transport or housing policies,

reclaiming urban spaces, or opening up new horizons for young people, creativity is one of the

driving forces behind urban policies and initiatives. Cities worldwide are focusing their attention on

the cultural and creative industries as an inspiration for their future.

今天，创造力正成为改变我们对城市看法的最有希望的场所之一。无论是通过振兴地方经济、重新思考交通或住房政策、开拓城市空间，还是为年轻人开辟新天地，创造力都是城市政策和举措背后的驱动力之一。世界各地的城市都把注意力集中在文化和创意产业上，以此来激励他们的未来。

This vision is promoted by elected representatives and city policy-makers, who see it as a

strategic lever for innovation when it comes to tackling contemporary urban issues, whether on an

economic, social or environmental front. More importantly, however, it is a vision shared by

professionals and citizens, who are taking action in their own neighborhoods and communities to

build more sustainable and more human cities.

当选代表和城市决策者推动了这一愿景，他们将这视为解决当代城市问题的战略创新杠杆，无论是在经济、社会还是环境方面。然而，更重要的是，这是专业人士和市民的共同愿景，他们正在自己的社区采取行动，建设更可持续、更人性化的城市。

This vision of creative urban governance is the driving force behind the UNESCO Creative Cities

Programme and Network (联合国教科文组织创意城市网络). Since its creation in 2004,the

Network has established itself as a strategic platform for promoting and sharing this new approach

to sustainable cities. Through its standard-setting and operational actions, UNESCO has paved the

way for demonstrating the essential role of creativity in urban sustainability, assisting national and

local authorities and advocating this vision at an international level.

这种创意城市治理的愿景是教科文组织创意城市方案和网络背后的驱动力(联合国教科文组织创意城市网络)。自2004年创建以来，该网络已经确立了自己作为一个战略平台的地位，以促进和分享这一可持续城市的新方法。教科文组织通过其标准制定和业务行动，为展示创造力在城市可持续性中的重要作用、协助国家和地方当局以及在国际一级倡导这一愿景铺平了道路。文化和创造力在可持续城市发展中起着关键作用。它们有助于经济多样化和创造就业机会，但它们也通过参与城市的社会结构和文化多样性来提高公民的生活质量。

Culture and creativity play a key role in sustainable urban development. They contribute to

diversifying the economy and generating jobs but they also enhance the quality of life of citizens by

participating to a city’s social structure and cultural diversity.

今天，创造力正成为改变我们对城市看法的最有希望的场所之一。无论是通过振兴地方经济、重新思考交通或住房政策、开拓城市空间，还是为年轻人开辟新天地，创造力都是城市政策和举措背后的驱动力之一。世界各地的城市都把注意力集中在文化和创意产业上，以此来激励他们的未来。

2018年11月

EC

试题来源： 英国《卫报》（The Guardian）于2018年1月18日发表的文章Antarctica: plastic contamination

reaches Earth's last wilderness（南极洲：塑料污染“到达”地球最后一片荒野）。

Traces of microplastics and hazardous chemicals found in majority of snow and ice samples

taken earlier this year. Plastic and traces of hazardous chemicals have been found in Antarctica, one

of the world’s last great wildernesses, according to a new study.

在今年早些时候采集的大部分冰雪样本中发现了微量塑料和有害化学物质。一项新的研究表明，研究人员在南极洲发现了塑料和有害化学物质，这是世界上最后的几片荒野之一。

Researchers spent three months taking water and snow samples from remote areas of the

continent earlier this year. These have now been analysed and researchers have confirmed the

majority contained “persistent hazardous chemicals” or microplastics. The findings come amid

growing concern about the extent of the plastic pollution crisis which scientists have warned risks

“permanent contamination” of the planet.

今年早些时候，研究人员花了三个月的时间从大陆偏远地区采集了水和雪的样本。目前已经对这些物质进行了分析，研究人员证实，其中大部分都含有“持久性危险化学物质”或微塑料。这一发现正值人们对塑料污染危机程度日益担忧之际。科学家们警告称，塑料污染危机可能给地球带来“永久性伤害”。

Earlier this week, the UN warned it is one of the world’s biggest environmental threats and said

although 60 countries were taking urgent action more needed to be done. The new report by

researchers at Greenpeace is part of global campaign to create the world’s biggest ocean sanctuary

in the seas around Antarctica to protect the fragile ecosystem from industrial fishing and climate

change.

本周早些时候，联合国说，尽管有60个国家正在采取更为迫切的行动，但其警告称，这是世界上最大的环境威胁之一。绿色和平组织研究人员的最新报告是全球保护行动的一部分，目的是在南极洲周围海域创建世界上最大的海洋保护区，以保护脆弱的生态系统免受捕捞业和气候变化的影响。

Frida Bengtsson, of Greenpeace’s Protect the Antarctic campaign, said the findings proved that

even the most remote areas of the planet were not immune from the impact of manmade pollution.“We need action at source, to stop these pollutants ending up in the Antarctic in the first place,

and we need an Antarctic ocean sanctuary to give space for penguins, whales and the entire

ecosystem to recover from the pressures they’re facing,” she said.

绿色和平组织保护南极运动的Frida Bengtsson说，这些发现证明即使是地球上最偏远的地区也无法免受人为污染的影响。她说:“我们需要从源头上采取行动，首先阻止这些污染物进入南极。我们需要一个南极海洋保护区，为企鹅、鲸鱼和整个生态系统提供空间，让它们从海洋污染的压力中恢复过来。”

Seven of the eight sea-surface water samples tested contained microplastics such as

microfibres. Seven of the nine snow samples tested contained detectable concentrations of the

persistent hazardous chemicals – polyfluorinated alkylated substances, or PFAS. Researchers said

the chemicals are widely used in many industrial processes and consumer products and have been

linked to reproductive and developmental issues in wildlife. They said the snow samples gathered

included freshly fallen snow, suggesting the hazardous chemicals had come from contaminated rain

or snowfall.

在测试的8个海水样本中，有7个含有微塑料，如微纤维。在测试的9个雪样中，有7个样品含有可检测到的持久性有害化学物质——聚氟化烷基化物质(PFAS)。研究人员说，这些化学物质广泛应用于工业过程和消费品中，并与野生动物的生殖和发育问题密切相关。他们说，收集到的雪样本中包括刚刚下的雪，表明危险的化学物质来自受污染的雨或降雪。

Prof Alex Rogers, a specialist in sustainable oceans at the Oxford Martin school, Oxford

University, said the discovery of plastics and chemicals in Antarctica confirmed that manmade

pollutants were now affecting ecosystems in every corner of the world. And he warned the

consequences of this pervasive contamination remained largely unknown. “The big question now is

what are the actual consequences of finding this stuff here? Many of these chemicals are pretty

nasty and as they move up the food chain they may be having serious consequences for the health

of wildlife, and ultimately humans. The effects of microplastics on marine life, likewise, are largely

not understood,” he said.

牛津大学牛津马丁学院可持续海洋专家亚历克斯•罗杰斯教授表示，南极洲塑料和化学物质的发现证实，人造污染物正在影响世界各地的生态系统。他警告说，这种无孔不入污染的后果在很大程度上仍不为人知。“现在的主要问题是，在这里发现这些污染物的实际后果是什么?”这些化学物质中有许多是非常有害的，当它们沿着食物链移动时，它们可能会对野生动物的健康造成严重影响，最终危及人类。同样地，微型塑料对海洋生物的影响在很大程度上是不为人知的。

There is relatively little data on the extent of microplastics in Antarctic waters, and researchers

said they hoped this new study would lead to a greater understanding of the global extent of plastic

and chemical pollutants. Bengtsson said: “Plastic has now been found in all corners of our oceans,

from the Antarctic to the Arctic and at the deepest point of the ocean, the Mariana trench. We need

urgent action to reduce the flow of plastic into our seas and we need large-scale marine reserves

– like a huge Antarctic ocean sanctuary which over 1.6m people are calling for – to protect

marine life and our oceans for future generations.”

目前还没有相关数据表明南极水域塑料微粒的范围。研究人员表示，他们希望这项新研究能让人们对遍及全球的塑料和化学污染物有更深入的了解。本特松说:“从南极到北极，再到海洋最深处的马里亚纳海沟，我们在海洋的各个角落都发现了塑料。我们需要采取紧急行动，减少塑料流入我们的海洋，我们需要大规模的海洋设施——比如超过160万人呼吁建立的巨大南极海洋保护区——目的是为子孙后代保护海洋生物和海洋。

CE （来源：搜狐旅游板块河南省介绍）

河南是中华民族和文明的重要发源地。中国四大发明中，指南针，造纸技术和火药都发明于河南。河南拥有厚重的文化历史，大量的历史文物，文物数量居全国首位。河南拥有大量的历史文物和文化遗迹，8处国家级风景名胜、358个国家重点文物保护单位、4个世界级地质公园、11个国家级自然保护区。

Henan Province is an important birthplace of the Chinese nation and civilization. Three of

ancient China’s four great inventions - the compass, paper-making and gunpowder - were made in

Henan. Boasting a time-honored history and profound culture, Henan is home to a great many of

cultural heritage sites, numbering first in China in terms of cultural relics. There are 25 World

Heritage sites, 358 major historic and cultural sites under state protection, 4 global geoparks, 12

national parks of China and 13 national nature reserves in the province.

河南是中国重要的经济大省，2017国内生产总值稳居中国第5位。2017年河南生产总值44,988亿元，比上年增长7.8%，人均生产总值47130元，增长7.4%。粮食种植面积达10135千公顷，粮食产量5973.4万吨，比上年增加26.8万吨。全部工业增加值18,807亿元，增长7.4%，社会消费品零售总额19666亿元，增长11.6%。全民居民消费价格比上年上涨1.4%。

Henan is China’s major provincial economy. Its GDP of 2017, fifth in China, was 4.4988 trillion

yuan, up by 7.8% over the previous year. In terms of its GDP per capita, the two figures were 47,130

yuan and 7.4% respectively. The sown area of grain stood at 10.135 million hectares and the total

output of grain 59.734 million tons, an increase of 268,000 tons compared with that in the previous

year. The total value added of the industrial sector was 1.8807 trillion yuan with a year-on-year

increase of 7.4%. The total retail sales of consumer goods reached 1.9666 trillion yuan, a growth of

11.6% over the previous year. The consumer prices in 2017 went up by 1.4 percent over 2016.

河南是“一带一路”的重要中心。河南已经与200多个国家和地区建立贸易联系。河南要以其更有吸

引力的政策，更友好的营商环境，广迎四海宾客，实现更高层次的互利共赢。

In recent years, Henan has become an important pivot of the “Belt and Road”. Henan has

established trade connections with over 200 countries and regions in the world, and 127 Fortune

Global 500 companies have settled down in this place. With more attractive policies and more

friendly business environment, it will open wider to the outside, thus achieving mutual benefit and

win-win results at higher levels.