2023-年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语二真题考研英语二

2023

Section I Use of English

Directions:Read the following the best word(s)for each

numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10

points)

Here's a common scenario that any number of entrepreneurs face today：you're the CEO of a small business,and though you're making a nice 1,you

need to find a way to take it to the next you need to do is 2

growth by establishing a growth team.A growth team is made up of members

from different departments within your company,and it harnesses the power

of collaboration to focus 3 on finding ways to grow.

Let's look at a real-world to forming a growth team,the

software company BitTorrent had 50 employees working in the 5

departments of engineering,marketing and product

brought them good results until 2012,when their growth 6

was that too many customers were using the basic,free version of their

7 improvements to the premium,paid version,few people were

making the upgrade.

Things changed,8,when an innovative project-marketing manager

came aboard,9 a growth team and sparked the kind of 10 perspective they

looking at engineering issues from a marketing point of view,it

became clear that the 11 of upgrades wasn't due to a quality

customers were simply unaware of the premium version and what it offered.

Armed with this 12,the marketing and engineering teams joined forces

to raise awareness by prominently 13 the premium version to users of the

free version 14,upgrades skyrocketed,and revenue increased by 92 percent.

But in order for your growth team to succeed,it needs to have a strong

needs someone who can 15 the interdisciplinary team and keep

them on course for leader will 16 the target area,set

clear goals and establish a time frame for the 17 of these goals.

The growth leader is also 18 for keeping the team focused on moving

forward and steering them clear of distractions.19 attractive new ideas can

be distracting,the team leader must recognize when these

ideas don't 20

the current goal and need to be put on the back burner.

1.[A]purchase[B]profit[C]connection[D]bet

2．[A]define[B]predict[C]prioritize[D]appreciate

3．[A]exclusively[B]temporarily[C]potentially[D]initially

4．[A]experiment[B]proposal[C]debate[D]example

5．[A]identical[B]marginal[C]provisional[D]traditional

6．[A]rumor[B]secret[C]myth[D]problem

7．[A]despite[B]unlike[C]through[D]besides

8．[A]moreover[B]however[C]therefore[D]again

9．[A]inspected[B]created[C]expanded[D]reformed

10．[A]cultural[B]objective[C]fresh[D]personal

11．[A]end[B]burden[C]lack[D]decrease

12．[A]policy[B]suggestion[C]purpose[D]insight

13．[A]contributing[B]allocating[C]promoting[D]transferring

14．[A]As a result[B]At any rate[C]By the way[D]In a sense

15．[A]unite[B]finance[C]follow[D]choose

16．[A]share[B]identify[C]divide[D]broaden

17．[A]announcement[B]assessment[C]adjustment[D]accomplishment

18．[A]famous[B]responsible[C]available[D]respectable

19．[A]Before[B]Once[C]While[D]Unless

20．[A]serve[B]limit[C]summarize[D]alter

Section II Reading Comprehension

Part A

Directions:Read the followingfour the questions below each

text by choosing A,B,C or your answers on the ANSWER

SHEET.(40 points)

Text 1

In the quest for the perfect lawn,homeowners across the country are

taking a shortcut-and it is the environment that is paying the

eight million square metres of plastic grass is sold each year but

opposition has now spread to the highest gardening Chelsea

Flower Show has banned fake grass from this year's event,declaring it to

be not part of its Royal Horticultural Society(RHS),which runs

the annual show in west London,says it has introduced the ban because of

the damage plastic grass does to the environment and biodiversity.

Ed Horne,of the RHS,said:“We launched our sustainability strategy

last year and fake grass is just not in line with our ethos and views on

recommend using real grass because of its environmental

benefits,which include supporting wildlife,alleviating flooding and

cooling the environment.”

The RHS's decision comes as campaigners try to raise awareness of the

problems fake grass causes.A Twitter account,which claims to“cut through

the green-wash”of artificial grass,already has more than 20,000

is trying to encourage people to sign two petitions,one calling

for a ban on the sale of plastic grass and another calling for an“ecological

damage”tax on such have gathered 7,276 and 11,282

signatures

However,supporters of fake grass point out that there is also an

environmental impact with natural lawns,which need mowing and

therefore usually consume electricity or industry also points

out that real grass requires considerable amounts of water,weed killer or

other treatments and that people who lay fake grass tend to use their

garden industry also claims that people who lay fake grass

spend an average of£500 on trees or shrubs for their garden,which

provides habitat for insects.

In response to another petition last year about banning fake

lawns,which gathered 30,000 signatures,the government responded that it

has“no plans to ban the use of artificial grass.

It added:"We prefer to help people and organizations make the right

choice rather than legislating on such matters,However the use of

artificial grass must comply with the legal and policy safeguards in place

to protect biodiversity and ensure sustainable drainage,while measures

such as the strengthened biodiversity duty should serve to encourage

public authorities to consider sustainable alternatives.”

RHS thinks that plastic grass________.

[A]is harmful to the environment

[B]is a hot topic in gardening circles

[C]is overpraised in the annual show

[D]is ruining the view of west London

petitions mentioned in Paragraph 3 reveal the

campaigners’________.

[A]disappointment with the RHS

[B]resistance to fake grass use

[C]anger over the proposed tax

[D]concern about real grass supply

Paragraph 4,supporters of fake grass point out________.

[A]the necessity to lower the costs of fake grass

[B]the disadvantages of growing real grass

[C]the way to take care of artificial lawns

[D]the challenges of insect habitat protection

would the government do with regard to artificial grass?

[A]Urge legislation to restrict its use.

[B]Take measures to guarantee its quality.

[C]Remind its users to obey existing rules

[D]Replace it with sustainable alternatives.

can be learned from the text that fake grass______.

[A]is being improved continuously

[B]has seen a market share decline

[C]is becoming increasingly affordable

[D]has been a controversial product

Text 2

It's easy to dismiss as absurd the federal government's ideas for

plugging the chronic funding gap of our national anyone really

think it's a good idea to allow Amazon deliveries to your tent in Yosemite

or food trucks to line up under the redwood trees at Sequoia National Park?

But the government is right about one thing:al parks are in

tively,they have a maintenance backlog of more than$12

,trails,restrooms,visitor centers and other infrastructure are

crumbling.

But privatizing and commercializing the campgrounds would not be

a ounds are a tiny portion of the overall infrastructure

backlog,and businesses in the parks hand over,on average,only about 5%of

their revenues to the National Park Service.

Moreover,increased privatization would certainly undercut one of the

major reasons why 300 million visitors come to the parks each year:to enjoy

nature and get a break from the commercial drumbeat that overwhelms daily

life.

The real problem is that the parks have been chronically starved of

economic survey of ers found that people would

be willing to pay a significant amount of money to make sure the parks and

their programs are kept 81%of respondents said they would be

willing to pay additional taxes for the next 10 years to avoid any cuts to the

national parks.

The national parks provide great value to nts both as places

to escape and as symbols of top of this,they produce value from

their extensive educational programs,their positive impact on the climate

through carbon sequestration,their contribution to our cultural and artistic

life,and of course through parks also help keep America's past

alive,working with thousands of local jurisdictions around the country to

protect historical sites and to bring the stories of these places to life.

The parks do all this on a ss allocates only＄3billion a year to the national park system-an amount that has been flat since

2001(in inflation-adjusted dollars)with the exception of a onetime boost in

ile,the number of annual visitors has increased by more

than50%since 1980,and now stands a t330 million visitors per year.

26. what problem are al parks faced

with?

[A]Decline of business profits

[B]Inadequate commercialization

[C]Lack of transportation services

[D]poorly maintained infrastructure

sed privatization of the campgrounds

may________.

[A]spoil visitor experience

[B]help preserve nature

[C]bring operational pressure

[D]boost visits to parks

ing to paragraph 5 most respondents in the survey

would

[A]go to the national parks on a regular basis

[B]advocate a bigger budget for the national parks

[C]agree to pay extra for the national parks

[D]support the national parks'receive reforms

Text 3

The Internet may be changing merely what we remember,not our

capacity to do so,suggests Columbia University psychology professor

Betsy 2011,Sparrow led a study in which participants were

asked to record 40 factoids in a computer(“an ostrich's eye is bigger than

its brain,”for example).Half of the participants were told the information

would be erased,while the other half were told it would be

what?The latter group made no effort to recall the information when

quizzed on it later,because they knew they could find it on their

the same study,a group was asked to remember both the

information and the folders it was stored didn't remember the

information,but they remembered how to find the other

words,human memory is not deteriorating but“adopting to new

communications technology,”Sparrow says.

In a very practical way,the Internet is becoming an external hard drive

for our memories,a process known as“cognitive

offloading.”Traditionally,this role was fulfilled by data banks,libraries,and

other father may never remember birthdays because your

mother does,for worry that this is having a destructive effect

on society,but Sparrow sees an s,she suggests,the trend will

change our approach to learning from a focus on individual facts and

memorization to an emphasis on more conceptual thinking something that

is not available on the Internet.“I personally have never seen all that much

intellectual value in memorizing things,”Sparrow says,adding that we

haven’t lost our ability to do it.

Still other experts say it’s too soon to understand how the Internet

affects our is no experimental evidence showing that it

interferes with our ability to focus,for instance,wrote psychologists

Christopher Chabris and surfing the web exercised

the brain more than reading did among computer-savvy older adults in

a 2008 study involving 24 participants at the Semel Institute for

Neuroscience and Human Behavior at the University of California,Los

Angeles.

“There may be costs associated with our increased reliance on the

Internet,but I’d have to imagine that overall the benefits are going to

outweigh those costs,”observes psychology professor Benjamin Storm.“It

seems pretty clear that memory is changing,but is it changing for the

better?At this point,we don't know.”

w’s study shows that with the Internet,the human brain

will

________.

[A]analyze information in detail

[B]collect information efficiently

[C]switch its focus of memory

[D]extend its memory duration

process of“cognitive offloading”________.

[A]helps us identify false information

[B]keeps our memory from failing

[C]Enables us to classify trivial facts

[D]lessens our memory burdens

of the following would Sparrow support about the

Internet?[A]It may reform our learning approach

[B]It may impact our society negatively

[C]It may enhance our adaptability to technology

[D]It may interfere with our conceptual thinking

is indicated in Paragraph 3 that how the Internet affects our brains

[A]requires further academic research

[B]is most studied in older adults

[C]is reflected in our reading speed

[D]depends on our web-surfing habits

r Sparrow nor Storm would agree that________.

[A]our reliance on the Internet will be costly

[B]the Internet is weakening our memory

[C]memory exercise is a must for our brains

[D]our ability to focus declines with age

Text 4

ing to Paragraph,children growing into adolescence tend to

[A]develop opposite personality traits

[B]see the word in an unreasonable way

[C]have fond memories of their past

[D]show affection for their parents

can be learned from 2 that Crone's

study________.[A]explores teenagers'social

responsibilities[B]examines teenagers'emotional

problems[C]provides a new insight into

adolescence[D]highlights negative adolescent

behavior

does crone's study find about prosocial

behavior?[A]It results from the wish to cooperate

[B]It is cultivated through education

[C]It is subject to family influence

[D]It tends to peak in adolescence

can be learned from the last two paragraphs that teenagers________.

[A]over-stress their influence on others

[B]care a lot about social recognition

[C]Become anxious about their future

[D]Endeavor to live a joyful life

is the text mainly about________.

[A]Why teenagers are self-contradictory.[B]Why teenagers are

risk-sensitive.[C]How teenagers develop prosociality.

[D]How teenagers become independent.

Part B

Directions:Read the following text and match each of the numbered

items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right

are two extra choices in the right your

answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

Net-zero rules set to send cost of new homes and extensions

soaring

New building regulations aimed at improving energy efficiency are

set to increase the price of new homes,as well as those of extensions and

loft conversions on existing ones.

The rules,which came into effect on Wednesday in England,are part

of government plans to reduce the UK's carbon emissions to net zero by

set new standards for ventilation,energy efficiency and

heating,and state that new residential buildings must have charging

points for electric vehicles.

The moves are the most significant change to building regulations

in years,and industry experts say they will inevitably lead to higher prices

at a time when a shortage of materials and high labour costs are already

driving up bills.

Brian Berry,chief executive of the Federation of Master

Builders,says

the measures will require new materials,testing methods,products and

systems to be installed.“All this comes at an increased cost during a time

when prices are already sky ably,consumers will have to pay

more,"he says.

Gareth Belsham,of surveyors Naismiths,says people who are

upgrading,or extending their home,will be directly affected.“The biggest

changes relate to heating and insulation,”he explains.“There are new

rules concerning the amount of glazing used in extensions,and any new

windows or doors must be highly insulated.”

Windows and doors will have to adhere to higher standards,while

there are new limits on the amount of glazing you can have to reduce

unwanted heat from the sun.

Thomas Goodman,of MyJobQuote,says this will bring in new

restrictions for extensions.“Glazing on windows,doors and rooflights

must cover no more than 25%of the floor area to prevent heat loss,"he

says.

As the rules came into effect last Wednesday,property developers

were rushing to file plans just before the plans submitted

before that date are considered to be under the previous rules,and can go

ahead as long as work starts before 15 June next year.

Builders which have costed projects,but have not filed the

paperwork,may need to go back and submit fresh estimates,says Marcus

Jefford of Build Aviator.

Materials prices are already up 25%in the last two much

overall prices will increase as a result of the rule changes is not

clear."Whilst admirable in their intentions,they will add to the cost of

housebuilding at a time when many already feel that they are priced out of

homeownership,"says Jonathan Rolande of the National Association of

Property Buyers.“An average extension will probably see around£3,000

additional cost thanks to the new regs."

John Kelly,a construction lawyer at Freeths law firm,believes prices

will eventually come not in the immediate future."As the

marketplace adapts to the new requirements,and the technologies that

support them,the scaling up of these technologies will eventually bring

costs down,but in the short term,we will all have to pay the price of the

necessary transition.”he says.

However,the long-term effects of the changes will be more

comfortable and energy-efficient homes,adds Andrew Mellor,of PRP

architects.“Homeowners will probably recoup that cost over time in

energy bill will obviously be very volatile at the moment,but

they will

have that benefit over time.”

rise of home prices is a temporary matter.

Berry

Belsham

Jefford

Kelly

Mellor

rs possibly need to submit new estimates

of their projects.

will be specific limits on home extensions

to prevent heat loss.

new rules will take home prices to an even

higher level.

people feel that home prices are already

beyond what they can afford.

new rules will affect people whose home

extensions include new windows or doors.

rule changes will benefit homeowners

eventually.

Section III Translation

46.

Directions:Translate the following text into your

translation on on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)

In the late 18th century,William Wordsworth became famous for his

poems about he was one of the founders of a movement called

Romanticism,which celebrated the wonders of the natural world.

Poetry is energy and rhythm can capture a reader,transport

them to another world and make them see things h

carefully selected words and phrases,poems can be

dramatic,funny,beautiful,moving and inspiring.

No one knows for sure when poetry began but it has been around for

thousands of years,even before people could was a way to tell

stories and pass down is closely related to song and even when

written it is usually created to be performed out really come

to life when they are can also help with understanding them

too,because the rhythm and sounds of the words become clearer.

Section IV Writing

Part A

ionsAn art exhibition and a robot show are to be held on Sunday and your

friend David asks you which one he should go him an email to

1)make a suggestion,and

2)give your reason(s)

Write your answer in about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET

Do not use your own name in your email,use“Li Ming”instead.(10

points)

Part B

ions:

Write an essay based on the chart your writing,you

should 1)describe and interpret the chart and

2)give your comments.

Write your answer in about 150 words on the ANSWER

SHEET.(15 points)

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