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2024年3月29日发(作者：御清绝为什么叫炮仙)
Why Public Management Reform?
为什么要进行公共管理改革？
Public management reform is usually thought of as a means to an end, not an
end in itself. 公共管理改革通常被认为是一种达到目的的手段，而并非目的本身。To be
more precise we should perhaps say that it potentially a means to multiple ends.
更准确说，我们可以认为它是一种潜在地达到多种目的的手段。These include making
saving (economies) in public expenditure, improving the quality of public services,
making the operation of government more efficient, and increasing the chances
that the policies which are chosen and implemented will be effective. 这些目的包
括：节约公共开支（经济），提高公共服务的质量，使政府的运作更加有效，增加被选用的
和实施的政策变得有效的机会。On the way to achieving these important objectives,
public management reform may also serve a number of intermediate ends,
including those of strengthening the control of politicians over the bureaucracy,
freeing public officials
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from bureaucratic constrains which inhibit their
opportunities to manage and enhance the government’s accountability to the
legislature and the citizenry for its policies and programs. 在实现这些重要目标的同
时，公共管理改革还可能为一系列中间目标提供服务，包括强化政治家对官僚的控制和把
公务员从官僚政治的束缚中解放出来，这些束缚阻碍了他们在政策和计划实施中管理和提
升政府对立法部门和公民所负责任的机会。Last, but not least, one should mention the
symbolic and legitimacy benefits of management reform. 最后，但并非最不重要的
是，我们还应该注意公共管理改革的象征性与合法性意义。For politicians these benefits
consist partly of being seem to be doing something. 这些好处对于政治家而言，至少
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公务员、国家公职人员、政府官员
可被人们认为他们正在有所作为。Announcing reforms, criticizing bureaucracy,
praising new management techniques, promising improved services for the future,
restructuring ministries and agencies—all these activities help to attract favorable
attention to the politicians who espouse
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them. 比如宣布进行改革，批评官僚主义，
表扬新的管理技术，许诺在未来改进服务，重组部门和办事机构——所有这些活动都能把
有利的注意力吸引到主张这些事情的政治家身上。A cynic
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might observe that, in these
days when the power of individual governments to act independently is
increasingly called into questions
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by a complex interplay of local, national and
international constrains, the one thing that ministers usually can do—with the
appearance of dynamism
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but at little immediate cost—is to announce changes in
their own machinery
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of governance. 一个愤世嫉俗的人可能会发现，近来，由于地方、
国家和国际限制等复杂的相互作用，单个政府独立行动的权力（能力）日益受到质疑，政
府部长们通常所能做的事情——以充满活力的面貌出现却仅需极小的直接代价——就是
在他们自己管辖机构内部宣布改革。There are also legitimacy benefits for those senior
officials who, almost invariably, play important parts in shaping and implementing
such initiatives. They may gain in reputation by association with “modernizing”
and “streamlining” activities. 这对那些在提出和执行这样的倡议时几乎总要扮演重要
角色的高级官员们也有合法性的好处。他们可能会因这些“现代化”和“合理化”（流程优
化）的工作而赢得声誉。
If management reform really does produce cheaper, more efficient
government, with higher-quality services and more effective programs, and if it
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支持、赞成、信奉
玩世不恭者、愤世嫉俗者、好挖苦人的人、好嘲笑的人
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对……表示怀疑、认为有问题、对……表示异议、非难、怀疑、质疑
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活力
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机械、机构、机制
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