英语:名词的用法总结

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I名词

1.含义

用来表示人，动物，时间，地点,状态或抽象名词。名词是一种实词，名词可以做主语、宾语、定语、同位语、宾补、状语、表语、独立成分等。

2．分类

类意义

别

专表示人、时间、节日、China the Great Wall

有地方、组织、机构或March Mary Christmas

名事物等专有的名称。the UN SARS AIDS

词

专有名词中每个实词的首字母要大写.

普可个表单个的人、child teacher desk

通数体物、事

名名名词

词

词

集表集合、团体

class family club group

体名词

crew

people

jewellery

furniture

复两个或两个boy-friend passer—by

police

team

machinery

clothing

book tree accident

举例

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精

合以上名词连brother-in-law grown-up

名在一起构成looker-on

词

的名词

不物表物质或材water milk money silk

可质料的名称，无bread tea air fire salt

数名法判断个体sugar

名词

的事、物

词

抽表示行为、动life mind peace health

象作、品质、状luck happiness value

名态、感情等

词

3。名词的数

1)名词复数规则变化

构成方法

单数

多数名词在词尾加-s

book

ball

以—s，-x，-sh,—chbus

结尾的再词尾加es

box

watch

dish

buzz

复数

books

balls

buses

boxes

watches

dishes 碟子

buzzes 电铃声

举例

pain honesty

student

students

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以y以辅音字母city

结尾加y结尾的名baby

词

再加es

story

cities

babies

stories

keys

Marys

leaves

thieves

knives

wives

roofs

chiefs

beliefs

—的名词，变y为i，country

countries

以元音字母key

词和专有名Mary

词，在词加s

以一般把f或feleaf

f或fe结有些直接加s

尾的词

种变化都有

变为v，再加es

thief

knife

wife

roof

chief

belief

加y结尾的名Henry

Henrys

名个别词以上两beef--—beefs/beeves

handkerchief--potatoes

echoes 回声

handkerchiefs/handkerchieve手帕

以o结尾的名词，在potato

词尾加es或者s

echo

tomato

tomatoes

bamboo

bamboos

radio

radios

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精

photo

2）名词复数不规则变化

构成方法

photos

举例

单数

复数

men

women

Englishmen

feet

geese

teeth

children

oxen

mice

data

bases

media

armymen

lookers—on

runners—up

editors—in—chief

passers—by

man

woman

Englishman

变内部元音变a为e

字母

German（特殊）

Germans

变oo为ee

foot

goose

tooth

完全不规则

child

ox

mouse

datum

basis

medium

复合名词的主体词变复armyman

变化

数

looker—on

runner—up

editor-in-chief

passer-by

mather—in-law

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grand—child

没有主体词go—between

的在最后一grown—up

个词的词尾boy-friend

加s

由woman和 woman doctor

复合名词，man cook

前后两部分复数

4.名词单复数的一些习惯用法

1）单复数同行的词

mothers—in—law

grand—children

go—betweens

grown—ups

boy—friends

women doctors

men cooks

man构成的gentleman-farmer

gentlemen-farmers

Chinese li里 people Swiss瑞士人 deer means手段 series 系列

Vietnamese越南人 fish mu亩 sheep yuan元 Japanese

2)常用复数形式的词

arms武器 earnings挣的钱 pants裤子socks 袜子 ashes灰烬

findings调查结果 pyjamas 睡衣裤 stairs 楼梯 belongs所有物

firewoods烟火 remains 残余 surroundings环境 clothes衣服

forces武装部队 savings储蓄 trousers裤子

sweepings 扫拢的垃圾compass指南针 glasses眼镜 scissors剪刀

thanks感激 congratulations 祝贺 jeans牛仔裤 shoes鞋子

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精

tropics热带 doings行为 mountains山脉 shorts短裤

3）形式为复数，意思为单数

News消息 crossroads十字路口 physics物理

politics政治 mathematics 数学 headquarters 司令部

4）表示总体意义,总用作复数

police警察 people 人们，人民 clothes衣服 cattle牛群

公众

Exercise：用be动词填空

1.

Two hundred police____ on duty.

2.

A lot of people ____ on the square.

3.

Many cattle _____ kept.

5) 有些集合名词既可以表示单数,也可以表示复数

例词

单数词复数词例词

单数词复数词义

义

义

义

class

班级

班里成family

家庭

家庭成team

对

员

group

群

员

committee

委员会

队员

youth

青年

一群人

club

俱乐部

委员会crew

全体船青年人

army

军队

成员

government

员

同事们

俱乐部政府

政府成成员

员

军人

注意：

public

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精

集合名词若作为一个整体看待的话，谓语用单数；若作为个体看待，谓语用复数。

Exercises:

1 My family ___ （be) a big one。

2 When I came in， his family ____ (be) watching TV。

3 The football team ____ (be） very good。

4 The team ____ (be） bathing。

6）有些名词在中国人看来不可数,当在英语表达中却可以加a/an.

e.g a/an coffee/hurry/pleasure/success

a/an rain/income/population/surprise

a/an education/increase/rest/time

a/an headache/interest/reward/trip

a/an help/knowledge/ride/voice/walk

a/an history/salary/sight/pity/honor/whisper

e.g1) I had a good time at the party.

2） After supper we go out for a walk.

3) The snow that covers the top of the mountain is a beautiful sight。

4) He got a good education when he was in England。

5） China has a population of 1。3 billion。

6） China is a large country with a long history。

7)。 有些名词通常用作单数,表示整体,比如hair， fruit, vegetable，但是表示若干种头发，若干水果，若干蔬菜时，则需要用复数形式。

e.g 1） Mother’s hair is grey.

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She has a few white hairs.

2）The fruit is ripening.

Her daughter likes pears， apples, and other juicy fruits。

8） 有些名词单复数意思不同。

people人们 ——-peoples人民 game游戏-—— games运动会

compass指南针--- compasses圆规 interest兴趣—-- interests 利益

manner方法-—— manners礼貌 custom习惯，风俗-—-

customs海关，关税

5.名词的量

1） 常表示一双，一对、一副，如:a pair of shoes a pair of glasses

a pair of socks

2)其他的量、数、单位词

a。常搭配不可数名词：piece片、块、张、条， slice落片, cup，glass杯， lump块， bar条, block块、片， sum一笔， drop一滴， sheet片、张、页, loaf块、个, grain粒， cake块, ear穗, bottle瓶

b。 搭配可数名词：set组、套 ， row排, copy本、复印本,

group组、群， team队, line行, suit套, bunch捆、束， pocket包、袋， basket篮

3）限定词

a。 只能修饰可数名词：many, few, a number of

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精

b。 只能修饰不可数名词：much， little, a large mount of， a great

deal of

c. 两者都可以修饰：some， any， plenty of， a lot of， a large

quantity of

6.名词所有格

1.构成

1。1 ’s所有格

类别

一般名词

es结尾

以s或x结尾的+’s或+’

专有名词

并列名词各自所两个名词都+'s

有

有

1。1。1应用

1）表示有生命的东西的所有格（如上表)，但在某些习惯用语中也表示无生命的东西的所有格.

e.g The beach is within a stone’s throw. 到海边只有一步之遥.

2）表时间、距离、国家、城市、团体机构等无生命名词的所有格.

e.g a ten minutes’ walk China's industry today’s newspaper

+’s

Mary’s and

Tom’s rooms

room

构成形式

+’s

举例

my friend’s dog

the students'

classroom

Children's day

复数名词以s或+’

并列名词共同所最后一个名词Mary and Tom’s

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精

3）表类别、属性 men’s shoes a doctor's degree children’s books

a summer's day a worker’s family

4）表动作的执行者或承受者 my teacher’s praise children’s

education

5)'s所有格后面的名词如果指商店、家宅、教堂、诊所等地点时，该名词常被省略。

the doctor's诊所 the tailor'裁缝店 the butcher’s肉店 the

grocer’s食品店

the barber's理发店 my uncle'我叔叔家 Queen's 女王学院

Johnson’s 约翰逊的家/商店

6）’s所有格修饰的名词，如果上文已经提到，常省略，避免重复.

e.g This is not Tom's book， it's his friend’s。

1。2 of 所有格构成：名词+ of+名词

e。g the capital of China， the door of the room，

the life of the poor， the grandpa of the children

1.3 双重所有格构成:of+名词's (或名词性物主代词)

1）表整体中的部分 a friend of my father’s= one of my father's

friends

a class of mine a class of Tom's

2） 表示赞赏或厌恶的感情

the performance of teachers’——- teacher’s performance(不欣赏，不赞成)

the wife of Mr. Green’s——— Mr。 Green’s wife（带有厌恶情绪）

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精

Exercises：

Marx and Engels were___。

a。 Germans b. Germen c. from German d. Germany

2. My teacher gave me___ just now.

a. an advice b. an advise c. a piece of advice d.a piece of advise

3。I saw____ in the meeting-room.

a。 many people b。 much people c. many peoples d. a lot of

people

4. Have you read____?

a。 today b. the today paper c。 today's paper d。 the today’s

paper

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精

5. My father has had one of his ___ taken out。

a。 tooth b. tooths c。 teeth d. teeths

6. He made many mistakes in his composition because of___.

a. careless b。 careful c. carelessness d. carefulness

7. Where are the ___ clothes？

a. women’s b. women’ c. of women’s d。 woman's

8。 After climbing for two hours we were glad to take___ rest.

a. a few minute’s b。 a few minutes’ c。 a little minutes

little minute's

9. The woman over there is ___.

a. Julia and Mary mother b。 Julia and Mary's mother

c。 Julia's and Mary’s mother d。 Julia’s and Mary mother

10。 His work is better than___.

a. anyone b. anyone else c. anyone else’s d. anyone’s else

11。 He forgot both of the ___.

a. rooms numbers b。 room number c。 room’s numbers

room numbers

12。 The dictionary is sent by ___.

a. a friend of my father b。 a friend of my father’s

c。 my father friend d. my father friend’s

13. Li Ying has three ___.

a。 brothers—in-law b。 brothers-in-laws c. brother-in—law

brother—in-laws

d. a

d。

d.

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精

14。 Mr. Smith looks very happy today. He has got ___ good news from

home.

a. many b。much c. little d. a few

15. The book you gave me wasn't really ___.

a。 much used b。 able to use c. of useful d. of much use

16。 There ___ some ____ in the woods。

a。 is, deer b。 are， deers c。 is deers d。 are, deer

17。 Which do you prefer, ____ or ____？

a。 potatos， tomatos b. potatos, tomatoes

c。 potatoes, tomatos d。 potatoes, tomatoes

18. We will work for the people all our ___.

a。 lifes b。 lives c. live d. life

19。 The ___ of the cottage were covered with___.

a。 roofs, leafs b. roofs， leaves c. rooves， leafs d。 rooves，

leaves

20. Beijing has ___。

a. many populations b。 a large population

c。 much population d。 large population

21. What a lot of __ I have to finish today!

a. works b。 work c。 job d。 working

22. Will you please make ___ for the man outside?

a。 space b. place c. room d。 seats

23。 My younger sister always wears beautiful ___。

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a. clothes b。 cloth c. clothing d. dressing

24。 The little died a heroic____.

a。 dying b. dead c。 death d。 die

25. She has a good___ and sings beautifully。

a. sound b. noise c. voice d. throat

26. Mary regards Shanghai as her second ___ because she has been here

for over then years.

a. family b。 room c. house d. home

27。 Is this a good camera? Can it take color___?

a. portraits b。 film shows c。 pictures d. paintings

28。 Did you see that ___， involving two cars and a bike？

a。 accident b。 incident c. danger d. event

29. I watched a wrestling ___ on TV the other day.

a. fight b。 match c. play d. sport

30。 The teacher did according to the students' ____。

a。 advice b。 advise c。 advices d. suggestion

31。 I had to tell Mr。 Wood my ___ in the school and at last I told him

the truth that I didn’t have any___ in teaching.

a. experiences， experience b。 experience， experiences

c。 experience, experience d. experiences, experiences

32. The ___ of the fire hasn't been discovered。

a. excuse b。 reason c。 source d。 cause

33. His parents always let him have his own ___ of living。

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精

a。 method b. way c. means d. mean

34。 Let’s meet in the garden during the lunch___.

a. rest b. break c。 stop d. time

35。 ____ must be carried out on the new equipment。

a。 Examination b。 Experiments c. Tests d。 Checks