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高中英语 必修Ⅱ 重点单词、短语和句型

重点单词和短语

1. in search of 寻找、搜寻

in the/one’s search for 寻找,搜寻

search for= look for 搜寻

search ... for 为了找……而搜查……

2. could never have imagined 绝不可能想到

“情态动词+have done”

may/might have done过去可能做过

表推测 must have done 过去一定做过

表后悔、 need’t have done过去本没有必要做(实际上做了)

责备、遗 should/ought to have done过去本应该做(实际上未做)

憾等语气 shouldn’t/oughtn’t to have done过去本不该做(实际上做了)

3. select vt.挑选,选择;选择

select sb. to do sth. 选择某人做某事

select ... as挑选……作为……

select ... from从……中选出……

4. design n. & vt. 设计,图案,构思;计划

make designs for 为……设计 to do 目的是做

in design在设计上 be designed for专为……而设计的

by design=on purpose故意地 as打算当做

5. fancy adj. 奇异的,异样的;时髦的

vt. 想象,设想;爱好,喜欢

fancy (one’s) doing sth. 想象(某人)做某事

Fancy meeting so many television actiors! 居然能见到那么多电视演员!

n. 喜爱,想要

take a fancy to喜欢上;爱上

6. decorate vt. 装饰;装修,装潢

decorate ... with ...用……装饰……

7. in return (for)

(1)作为(对……的)回报/报答(=in reward for)

If you give me your photo, I’ll give you mine in return.

你若送我一张照片,我便回赠一张给你。

He didn’t expect anything in return for his help.

他帮助人并不期待任何回报。

(2)作为回应

I asked his opinion, but he just asked me a question in return.

我征求他的意见,他却只是反问了我一个问题。

【辨析】in return和in turn

易混词组 辨析 例句

He has given me so much help that I

表示“作为回报(报答)”;作为really want to do something for him

in return

回应 in return. 他给了我许多帮助,所以真的想为他做些什么作为报答。

Interest rates were cut and, in turn,

①表示“相应地;转而,反之,share prices rose.利率下调,股价就in turn 反过来”②表示“依次,逐个轮相应地上涨了。

流” The kids came out of the room in

turn.孩子们依次走出房间。

8. have/get sth. done本结构可表示两种意义

(1)使某事被做(主语有意识的行为,可能是主语自己做的,也可能是让别人做)

I must have my homework done before going to bed.

上床睡觉前我必须做完作业。(由自己完成)

He had/got his hair cut yesterday.

Unit 1 Cultural relics

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他昨天理发了。(由别人完成)

(2)遭遇/经历某种不幸的事(此事违背主语的意愿)

She had all her jewellery stolen.她所有的珠宝都被偷了。

【拓展】

have/let/make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事

get sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事

have/get sb. Doing 让某人一直做某事

9. at war处于交战状态

“at + n.”表示一种状态或持续的活动:

at peace处于和平状态 at church在做礼拜

at rest在休息 at breakfast/lunch/supper在吃早/午/晚饭

at table在吃饭 at sea在航海

at work在上班

at school在上学

【链接】

介词in,under和on都可以与名词连用,表示一种状态或持续的活动,此时名词前一般

不加冠词。

in trouble处于困境(困难)中 on sale上市,出售

in danger在危险中 on holiday在度假,在休假中

under discussion在讨论中 on fire着火,失火

under repairz在维修中 on duty值班

10. remove vt.

(1) 移走;移开;移动;搬开

from从……搬走某物

remove sth. to把某物搬到……

into/out把某物搬入/搬出

(2) 除掉;清除(=get rid of)

You’d better perform well to remove his doubt.

你最好好好表现来打消他的疑虑。

(3) 脱下(衣服等)(=take off);摘下

I recognized him after he removed his dark glasses.

(4) 把……免职;开除

remove sb. from某人被免……职

11. less than少于,小于(某一数目或数量)

短语 符号 意义

less than ﹤ 少于

not less than ≥ 不少于,至于

no less than = 和……一样,多达(强调多)

more than ﹥ 多于;不仅仅

not more than ≤ 不多于,不超过,至多

no more than = 仅仅(强调少)

【辨析】no less than与not less than

易混词组 辨析 例句

He has no less than 1 million

“多达”(强调数量之多,相当于as much

no less than dollars. 他的钱多达100万美as)

元。

He has not less than 1,000

not less than “至少”(强调下限,相当于at least)

dollars. 他至少有1000美元。

12. doubt n. & v.

(1) n. 怀疑,疑惑

There is no doubt that ... 毫无疑问……

There is no doubt about/of ...

There is (some) doubt whether ... 对……持有疑问

【拓展】in doubt不肯定;没把握 without/no/beyond doubt无疑地;确实

(2) v. 怀疑;不相信

doubt whether/if .. 怀疑是否……

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I don’t doubt that ... 我确信……

13. worth prep. & n. 值得的;相当于……的价值的

be worth doing 值得做

be worth +钱数 值……钱

be worth + n. 值得……

【辨析】worth, worthy与worthwhile

易混词 搭配 例句

cosideration.

worth be worth + n. /doing The matter is worth

cosidering.

of being done consideration.

be worthy to be done of being considered.

worthy

of sth. The matter is worthy

to be considered.

to consider

It is worthwhile the matter.

worthwhile It’s worthwhile to do/doing sth.

considering

【注意】①worth后接动名词时,用主动形式表示被动含义。

②worth不能用very修饰,但可以用well修饰。

③除作表语外,worth还可作后置定语。

West Lake is a place worth seeing. 西湖是个值得一看的地方。

14. evidence n. 证据,根据;证明

There is evidence that ... 有证据表明……

15. rather than

(1) 而不是

I decided to write rather than telephone. 我决定写信而不是打电话。

(2) 与其……倒不如……;宁愿……而不愿……

He is an explorer rather than a sailor. 与其说他是一个海员,倒不如说他是一个探险者。

Rather than cause trouble, he left. 他不愿意惹麻烦,宁可离去。

【拓展】

prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.宁愿做某事也不愿做某事

would rather do sth. than do sth. /would do sth. rather than do sth.

宁愿做某事也不愿做某事

or rather更确切地说

【注意】

①rather than有时相当于介词,有时起连词作用,其连接的两个成分的词性应该一致。

②rather than连接两个不定式时,后一个常省略to,但rather than位于句首时,常跟不

带to的不定式。

③rather than连接两个主语时,谓语动词应与rather than前面的主语在人称和数上保持

一致,相同用法的还有:as well as,together with,with,besides等。

16. think highly of高度评价,认为……不错;器重;看重

【拓展】

think much/well of器重/看重/赞赏

think ill/poorly/badly/little of认为……不好

think nothing of轻视;认为……无所谓

speak highly of高度评价/赞扬

speak well/ill of说……的好/坏话

17. debate n. & v.

(1) n. 辩论;争论;讨论

under debate在辩论/讨论中

a heated/lively debate一场激烈的争论

beyond/without debate无可争论

(2) v. (尤指正式)讨论,辩论

sth. with sb. 同某人辩论/讨论某事

debate wh- to do sth. 讨论……做某事

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on sth. 讨论某事

【辨析】debate与argue

①debate侧重“双方各抒己见”,内含“交锋”的意思。

②argue侧重“说理”、“论证”和“企图说服”。常用结构:argue sb. into/out of doing sth.

说服某人做/不做某事。

重点句子

1. Frederick WilliamⅠ, the king of Prussia, could never have imagined that his greatest gift to

the Russian people would have such an amazing history. 普鲁士国王腓特烈▪威廉一世绝不

可能想到他送给俄罗斯人民的厚礼会有这样一段令人惊讶的历史。

2. However, the next King of Prussia, Frederick William Ⅰ, to whom the amber room belonged,

decided not to keep it.

然而,下一位普鲁士国王,腓特烈▪威廉一世,这个琥珀屋的主人却决定不要它了。

3. In return, the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers.

作为回赠,沙皇则送给他一队自己最好的士兵。

4. Later, Catherine Ⅱhad the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she

spent her summers.

后来,叶卡捷琳娜二世派人把琥珀屋搬到圣彼得堡郊外她避暑的宫殿中。

5. In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted.

1770年,这间琥珀屋按照她的要求完成了。

6. In less than two days 100,000 pieces were put inside twenty-seven wooden boxes.

在不到两天的时间里,10万个部件被装进了27个木箱。

7. There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for KÖnigsberg, which was at that

time a German city on the Baltic Sea. 毫无疑问,这些箱子后来被装上火车运往哥尼斯堡,

当时德国在波罗的海海边的一个城市。

8. In groups discuss: Is it worth rebuilding lost cultural relics such as the Amber Room or

Yuanmingyuan in Beijing?

分组讨论:重建遗失的文化遗产,如琥珀屋或北京的圆明园是值得的吗?

9. An opinion is what someone believes is true but has not been proved.

看法是人们相信是真实的,但是未经证实。

10. I think highly of those who are searching for the Amber Room.

我很欣赏那些寻找琥珀屋的人。

11. Nor do I think they should give it to any government.

我也认为他们不应该把它交给任何政府。

Unit 2 The Olympic Games

重点单词和短语

1. compete vi. 比赛;竞争

compete in参加……比赛

compete with/against与……竞争

compete for为……而竞争

2. stand for

(1)代表;象征;(指缩写或符号)是……的意思;表示

(2)容忍,忍受(用于否定句中)

(3)支持,主张

【链接】

stand (doing) sth. 忍受(做)某事

stand by袖手旁观,站在……一边

stand out显眼,引人注目

stand up for为……而站起来,支持,维护

stand on one’s own feet自立

3. volunteer

(1) n. 志愿者;志愿兵

(2) vt. & vi. 自愿(做)

volunteer to do sth.

自愿做某事

volunteer for sth.

4. on a regular basis有规律地;定期地

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【辨析】regular, normal与ordinary

易混词 辨析

“定期的,规则的”,指已有模式有定律的regular 或定期的

normal

ordinary

例句

You’d better take regular

exercise. 你最好定期做运动。

“正常,标准的”,指不超过某种限度、符The doctor said the child’s

合某种标准或常规。return to normal恢复正temperature was normal.医生常 说孩子的体温正常。

“普通的,平常的”,强调一般性和普通性,He preferred to be treated as

含不突出的意味。ordinary people普通人 an ordinary worker. 他宁愿被当成普通工人看待。

on the basis of 以……为基础

5. admit

(1) 允许进入;让……进入

admit sb. To/into允许某人进入……;吸引某人为……的成员

be admitted as作为……被接受(后接表示成员的名词)

(2) 容纳(相当于hold, seat)

(3) 承认;供认

admit (to) sth. 承认某事

admit (to) doing sth. 承认做过某事

admit +that-clause承认……

admit ... To be + adj./n.承认……是……

6. responsibility n. 责任,职责

a sense of responsibility责任感

take responsibility for对……负责任

take on the responsibility承担责任

claim responsibility for声称对……负责

7. as much +不可数名词+as和……(程度上)是一样的

It is as much your responsibily as mine. 这件事你和我一样都有责任。

【拓展】

(1) as much +不可数名词/a(n) +可数名词单数+as ... “和……(程度上)是一样的(much

表程度)”

It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as a science.

一般认为,教学既是一门艺术,也是一门科学。

(2) 否定式:not as/so much ... as与其说是……不如说是……

He is not as much an actor as a TV host.

与其说他是演员,不如说他是电视节目主持人。

8. replace vt. 代替,取代;替换

replace ... with/by以……代替/替换……

take the place of=take one’s place替代,取代

【注意】

take the place of, in place of, instead of均可表示“代替”,但take the place of为动词短语,

而in place of与instead of为介词短语。

9. charge

(1) n. 主管;费用

take charge of 负责,接管

in charge of 主管,掌管

in the charge of=in one’s charge被掌管,由……负责

charge for ……的收费

free of charge免费

(2) vt.收费,要价;指控,控告;起诉;指责,谴责

charge sb. some money for sth. 因某事而向某人收……钱

charge sb. with (doing) sth. 指控(控告、指责)某人(做了)某事

10. advertise v. 为……做广告;登广告

advertise for为征求……登广告

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advertisement n. 广告

11. gargain n. & vi.

(1) n. 协议;交易

make a bargain with sb. About sth. 与某人就某事达成协议

(2) n. 便宜货

a good/bad bargain交易合算/不合算

a real bargain真便宜;便宜货

(3) vi. (与某人就某事)讨价还价,讲条件

Bargain with sb. Over/about/for sth.就某物与某人讨价还价

12. pick up

(1) 捡起;拾起

He picked up his hat and went away. 他拾起帽子,走开了。

(2) 学会,获得(尤指偶然或无意中)

She picked up French when she was in Paris. 在巴黎时,她学会了法语。

(3) (用车)去接

The bus stopped to pick up the passengers. 公共汽车停下来搭载乘客。

(4) 恢复(健康、精神);好转

A bite of something might pick you up. 吃一点东西也许能使你振作起来。

Business will pick up before summer. 夏天来到之前,生意将会好转。

(5) 接收

I picked up Radip Beijing last night. 昨晚我收听到了北京广播电台。

(6) 使增加;加快

The car is picking up speed. 汽车加速了。

13. one after another一个接一个地;陆续地

【辨析】one after another与one by one

易混词组 辨析 例句

The guests came out one after

one after another 一个接一个地(强调连续性) another. 客人们一个接一个地来了。

Do these exercises one by one.

one by one 一个一个地(强调一次一个)

一道一道地做这些练习题。

14. deserve v.(不用于进行时态)值得;应得;应受(报答或惩罚)

to do 值得做……,应该做……

deserv

doing/to be done值得被做……

重点句子

1. Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as

competitors. 只有达到他们各自项目统一标准的运动员才会被接受参加奥运会。

2. There’s as much competition among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals.

国与国之间争取奥运会承办权的竞争就跟争夺奥运会奖牌一样激烈。

3. It’s in the Summer Olympics that you have the running races, together with swimming, sailing

and all the team sports. 跑步、游泳、划船和所有团体项目是在夏季奥运会上进行的。

重点单词和短语

1. It took + 一段时间 + before +从句 过了一段时间后才……

【拓展】

It will (not) be + 时间段 + before + 从句(现在时)

要过一段时间后才……(用不了一段时间就……)

It was (not) be + 时间段 + before + 从句(过去时)

过了一段时间后才……(每过一段时间就……)

It will be half a year before you graduate from the school. 还有半年你才从这所学校毕业。

It was a long time before I understood what he did.

很长一段时间后我才理解他所做的事情。

Unit 3 Computers

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2. solve vt. 解决;解答

【辨析】solve与settle

易混词 辨析

solve

“解决”,侧重给出问题的答案

“解决”,其对象通常是某种争端

例子

a mystery/puzzle/problem

solve 解决谜团/字谜/问题

difficulties解决困难

a matter/quarrel解决事情/争吵

settle

an argument/issue解决争论/问题

settle

【单词积累】

solution n. 解决,解答 solution to the problem

3. reality n. [U] 现实;真实;[C] 事实;实际经历;见过的事物

face/accept reality 面对/接受现实

out of touch with reality 脱离现实

with reality 真实地;逼真地

in reality 实际上

bring ... Back to reality 使……面对现实,不再抱有幻想

become a reality 变成现实

4. go by(时间)逝去,过去;走过,经过;(机会等)轻易错过

5. as a result 因此,结果

result from 由……引起;起因于

result in 导致,造成

6. application n. 应用;用途;申请;请求

make an application (to sb.) for (向某人)申请……

an application form 申请表

【拓展】

apply v. 应用;申请

apply ... to ... 把……应用到……

apply oneself to 致力于;集中精力于

apply for 申请

apply to ... for ... 向……申请……

7. anyhow adv.

(1)(转换话题、结束谈话或回到原话题时说)无论如何,反正

Anyhow I don’t like it. 反正我喜欢它。

(2)而且,加之,反正

I don’t want to go out and anyhow it is raining.

我不想出去,而且天又在下雨。

(3)尽管,即使这样

I am afraid we can’t come, but thanks for the invitation anyhow.

恐怕我们来不了,不过还是感谢邀请。

【注意】

anyhow作“无论如何;而且;即使如此”讲时,可与anyway互换;somehow表示“以

某种方式;不知怎么地”

7. goal n.

(1)目标;目的

set a goal 设定目标

achieve/realize/attain/reach a goal实现目标

(2)进球;得分;球门

score a goal 得分(踢进一球)

keep goal守球门

8. of high quality 高质量的

“of + 修饰词(如high, great, little, some, no等)+抽象名词”结构除了用作定语,还常

用作表语,相当于形容词的作用。如:

be of great value = be very valuable

be of great use = be very useful

be of great interest = be very interesting

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9 give away捐赠,赠送;分发,颁发;泄露,暴露

10. in a way = in one/some way在某种程度上

【链接】

in the way/in one’s way挡道,碍事

in this/that way以这种/那种方式

in any way在任何方面

by way of经由……

in no way绝不,一点儿也不(置于句首时,句子要用部分倒装)

11. arise vi. (arose, arisen) 出现;发生,产生;引起;产生

arise from = result from因……产生

【辨析】arise, rise与raise

易混词 词性 过去式、过去分词 词义 例句

Most accidents arose from

arise vi. arose, arisen 产生,发生;出现 carelessness. 大部分事故是由疏忽大意引起的。

The sun rises in the east and

rise vi. rose, risen 升起来,上升 sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。

She raised her head and stared

raise vt. raised,raised 举起,使……上升 at them. 她抬起头盯着他们看。

12. make up

(1) 组成,构成(常与of连用,并用被动形式)

Eleven players make up a football team. (= A football team is made up of eleven players.)

11名运动员组成一个足球队。

(2) 编造,虚构

I think they’re making up the whole thing.

我认为整件事情是他们编出来的。

(3) 化妆,打扮

She spent two hours making herself up before the party.

她在参加聚会前用了两个小时化妆。

(4) 弥补(常与for连用)

Hard work can make up for the lack of intelligence. 勤能补拙。

13. after all

(1) 终究;归根结底(表示结果与预想的不同;常置于句尾)

I’m so sorry and I can’t go with you after all. 对不起,我终究还是不能和你一起去。

(2) 毕竟,别忘了(解释或说明理由,常置于句首)

It’s not surprising the boy has got a stomachache. After all, he has eaten too much.

那个男孩胃痛并不令人惊讶,别忘了,他吃得太多了。

14. watch over 看管,照顾;看守,监视,守卫,保护

【链接】

“照顾”的多种表达

take care of look after care for attend to see to

重点句子

1. I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an

analytical machine by Charles Babbage.

我发育缓慢,差不多到了两百年之后,查尔斯巴比奇才将我制成了一台分析机。

2. As time went by, I was made smaller. 随着时间的推移,我被弄得越来越小。

3. Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me.

从20世纪70年代起,我又被开发出了很多新的用途。

4. Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.

不管怎样,我的目标是给人类提供高质量的生活。

5. The company has given its computers away to a local school.

该公司向当地一所学校捐赠了电脑。

6. She programs us with all the possible moves she has seen while watching human games.

学海无涯,精做知识

她把观看人类比赛时所看到的一切可能动作编入我们的程序。

7. In this way I can make up new moves using my “artificial intelligence”.

这样,我就可以用我的“人工智能”编制出新的动作。

8. It should also watch over my naughty niece, who comes to my house very often.

它也应该看护我那淘气的外甥女,她经常到我家来。

重点单词和短语

1. decrease v. & n.

(1) v. 降低,减少,(使)变小/少

in 在……方面减少

from ... to ... 从……减少到……

搭配:decrease to 减少到……

by 减少了……

(2) n. 减少,减少的数量

(a/the) decrease in sth. 某物的减少

on the decrease在减少

【单词积累】

increase 增加

2. die out

(1)灭亡,灭绝

This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed.

因栖息地正受到破坏,这一物种已濒临灭绝。

(2)(风俗、习惯)逐渐消失

Many old customs have died out because they are out of date.

因为已经过时,许多旧的风俗已经消失。

【辨析】die out, die away, die off与die down

易混词组 辨析 例句

Many old customs are

(家族、物种等)死亡,灭绝;(风俗、die out gradually dying out. 许多旧习惯)逐渐消失

习俗正逐渐消失。

The wind had died away by

die away (声音、光线、风等)逐渐平息、渐弱 dusk. 黄昏时风正逐渐减弱了。

(家族、种族等)相继灭亡;(草木)The leaves of the tree are

die off

先后枯死 dying off. 树叶正相继枯死。

(火、兴奋程度)渐弱,渐息;(=die The noise has died down. 喧die down

away)(声音、光线等)变弱、消失 闹声逐渐消失了。

3. long to do sth. 渴望做某事

4. respond to sth. 对某事做出反应/答复/回复,回答/应答……=reply to/answer

respond to ... (with) (对……)报以……,回报……

【拓展】

reponse n. 回答,答复;反应

in response to 为……回答,响应

make (a) response to回答,对……做出回应

5. loss n. 损失;遗失;丧失

suffer a loss (of) 蒙受(……的)损失

make up for the loss弥补损失

at a loss不知所措,不知如何是好

(be) lost in thought 陷入沉思

6. hunt v. & n.

(1) 打猎;猎取

go hunting 去打猎

(2) 搜寻

hunt for 搜索,追寻,寻找

Unit 4 Wildlife protection

学海无涯,精做知识

hunt sp. for 为寻找……搜索某地

be on the hunt for正在寻找,在寻求中

【链接】

“找,寻找”的多种表达法:

hunt for, look for, search for, (be) in search of。

7. in peace = peacefully和平地;和睦地;安静地

【链接】

at peace 和平地;安静地(与at war相对)

at peace/war with 与……处于和平/交战状态

make peace with 与……讲和/和解

8. in danger of在危险中;垂危

in danger处于危险中,垂危 out of danger 脱离危险

9. in relief如释重负;松了口气

【拓展】

relief n.(痛苦或忧虑的)减轻或解除;减轻痛苦的事物

to one’s relief令某人感到欣慰的是

with relief宽慰地

give sb. (some) relief(稍微)减轻某人的痛苦

10. burst into + n. 突然(进入某种状态);闯入

burst in 闯入;突然出现;插嘴

burst out 突然……起来,……突然发生

【注意】

burst into后跟名词,而burst out后应跟doing。

burst into tears/laughter突然哭/笑起来

burst out crying/laughing突然哭/笑起来

11. mercy n. 仁慈,宽容,怜悯

show mercy to sb. = show sb. mercy同情、怜悯某人

have/take mercy on sb. 怜悯某人

beg for mercy乞求宽恕

without mercy毫不留情地;残忍地

at the mercy of 任……处置;任由……摆布

It’s a mercy (that) ... 幸运的是……

12. certain

(1) 某个;某些(作前置定语)

She left him for a certain reason. 因为某种理由她离开了他。

【注意】a certain表示“某一”,some也可表示“某一”

(2) 确定的,一定(作表语,相当于sure)

to do sth. 一定会做某事

be certain

of/about (doing) sth. 对(做)某事有把握

【拓展】

make certain of/that ... 搞清楚,弄明白=make sure of/that

for certain/sure确定;无疑

【注意】

①certain可以用人作主语,也可用物作主语,还可以用it作形式主语。

sure通常用人作主语,不能用在以it作形式主语的句子中。

②be sure to do sth. 祈使句中,一般不用certain。

13. protect ... from/against 保护……免受……;使……免受……

14. contain vt.

(1) 包含;容纳;装有;含有

(2) 抑制;控制;克制(强烈的情感)

【辨析】contain与include

①contain指某物装在比其更大的物体内。

②include指某物为整体的一部分或要素。

The bottle contains olives. 瓶子里装着橄榄。

The meal includes steak. 这顿饭包括牛排。

15. affect

学海无涯,精做知识

(1) 影响

The global warming affected the amount of rainfall here.

全球变暖影响了这里的降雨量。

(2) 使感动;激起(悲伤、愤怒、爱等情绪)

The students were deeply affected by the story.

学生们被那个故事深深地感动了。

(3)(疾病)侵袭,感染

The disease is beginning to affect her eyesight.

疾病开始侵袭她的视力。

【辨析】affect, effect与influence

易混词 词性 辨析 例句

指产生的影响之大足以引起反应,着The drought seriously affected

affect vt. 重“影响”的动作。有时含有“对……the harvest. 干旱严重地影响产生不利影响”的意思 了收成。

This book effected a change in

作名词时指“效果,作用”;作动词effect n.& v. my opinion. 这本书使我的看时指“产生,引起”

法发生了变化。

His writings have influenced

指通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、the lives of millions of people.

influence n.& v. 性格等产生不易觉察到的、潜移默化他的作品影响了千百万人的的影响

生活。

16. pay attention to 注意,关注

pay much attention to 非常注意

pay more attention to 更多关注

pay little/no attention to 很少/不注意

【拓展】

draw/attract/catch/get/one’s attention to 吸引某人对……的注意

fix/focus one’s attention on 将注意力集中于,专心于

devote one’s attention to 专心致志于

17. appreciate v.

(1) 理解;意识到;领会

(2) 欣赏,赏识;重视;鉴赏

(3) 感激,感谢

appreciate (one’s) doing 感激(某人)做某事

would appreciate it if/wh- 要是……将不胜感激

【注意】

appreciate后不接to do作宾语,但可接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。

18. succeed v.

(1) 成功

succeed in doing sth. 成功地做某事

(2) 接替;继任;继承

sb. (as) 接替某人(担任……)

succeed +

to sth. 继承某物

19. employ vt. 雇佣;利用(时间、精力等)(=make use of)

employ sb. To do sth. 雇用某人做某事

employ oneself in (doing) sth. = be employed in (doing) sth. 忙于某事;从事某活动

【辨析】employ, hire与rent

易混词 辨析 例句

指“长时间雇用”,宾语一般是人 He employed the girl as a typist. 他employ

雇用那个女孩当了打字员。

指短期、临时或一次性“雇用,租用”,During the holidays they hired a boat

hire 宾语可以是人,也可以是物 and went fishing. 假期中,他们租了一条船去钓鱼。

指长时间出租、租用,通常用于房地They rented a house from Mr.

产,一般不用于人 他们租用了史密斯先生的一所房

学海无涯,精做知识

子。

20. harm n. & vt. 伤害;损害

do harm to sb. / do sb. harm 伤害某人

【链接】

do sb. good = do good to sb. 对某人有好处

do sb. wrong = do wrong to sb. 冤枉某人

21. come into being =come into existence 形成,(指事物、局面等的)产生

【拓展】

come into effect 生效

come into action 开始行动

come into power 当权,上台

come into use 开始被使用

22. inspect vt. 检查;检验;视察;检阅

【辨析】inspect, examine与check

易混词 辨析 例句

The captain wants to inspect

inspect 强调上级对下级的视察、检查 your kit. 船长想要检查你的配备。

指“观察、察看”以了解情况;还Let me examine your teeth first.

examine

可指检查身体 让我先检查一下您的牙齿。

Will you check your homework

check 强调“核实”对错 yourself first? 你能自己先检查一下作业吗?

重点句子

1. Daisy had always longed to help endangered species of wildlife.

戴茜一直以来都渴望帮助那些濒临灭绝的野生动植物

2. As a result these endangered animals may even die out.

结果,这些濒危的动物甚至可能会灭绝。

3. Why are they in danger of disappearing? 它们为什么处于灭绝的危险中?

4. In relief Daisy burst into laughter. 戴茜如释重负地大声笑了起来。

5. They allowed tourists to hunt only a certain number of animals if they paid the farmers.

如果游客付给农民钱的话,他们允许游客猎取一定数量的动物。

6. You should pay more attention to the rainforest where I live and appreciate how the animals

live together.

你们应该多关注我生活的热带雨林,并且懂得热带雨林的动物是如何在一起生活的。

重点单词和短语

1. dream of/about 梦想;梦见;设想(后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语)

2. pretend vt. 假装;假扮

(to be +) n. /adj. 假装是……

to do sth. 假装做某事(强调假装要做某事,但不一定正在进行或已经发生)

pretend + to be doing sth. 假装正在做某事(强调动词不定式的动作正在进行)

to have done sth. 假装做了某事(强调假装的动作已经完成)

3. to be honest = honestly speaking说实在的,实话说(作插入语,多置于句首,用逗号与句

子的其他部分隔开)

be honest with sb. 对某人说实话

be honest about sth. 对某事持诚实的态度

be honest in doing sth. 在做某事方面诚实

【链接】

常见的用作插入语的短语有:

to be frank 坦白地说 to be exact准确地说

to begin with 首先 to tell you the truth 说实话

4. attach v.

(1) 认为有(重要性、责任等)

Unit 5 Nelson Mandela-a modern hero

学海无涯,精做知识

importance

significance

attach (great/little) value to sth. 认为某事/物(很有/没有)重要性/意义/价值

weight /分量

Chinese people attach great importance to education. 中国人很重视教育。

(2) 缚上;系上;附加,连接

attach ... to ... 把……固定在……上

Attach a label to the parcel before you post it. 寄包裹前在上面贴标签。

(3) 参加;和……在一起,缠着

attach oneself to 和……在一起;缠着……

He attached himself to the climbers. 他加入到那群登山者中。

【拓展】

be attached to 喜欢,沉迷;附属于,所附的

【注意】

attach ... to ... 中的to为介词,后接名词、代词或动名词

5. form v. & n.

(1) v. (使)组成;形成;构成;养成

form the habit of 养成……的习惯

(2) n. 形状,外形,形式;表格

in the form of 以……的形式

take the form of 采取……的形式

in (good) form 情况良好

be out of form 处于不良的健康状态

6. earn vt.

(1) 赚钱;挣得

Young as he is, he earns a good salary in a big company.

他虽然很年轻,却在一家大公司挣得一份不错的薪水。

(2) 获得,博得,赢得

Qian Xuesen’s achievements earned him respect and admiration.

钱学森的成就为他赢得了尊敬和仰慕。

【拓展】

earn money = make money 赚钱,挣钱

earn one’s/a living =make one’s living 谋生

7. play jokes on = play a joke on 开……的玩笑,戏弄……(经常是善意的)

【拓展】

tell jokes 讲笑话 must be joking 一定是在开玩笑

make a joke of 拿……开玩笑 for/as a joke 只是开玩笑

【链接】

“戏弄……,开……的玩笑”的多种表达法:

play tricks on, play a trick on, make fun of, make a fool of

8. rely on = rely upon

(1) 依赖,依靠

rely on sb. To do sth. 依赖某人做某事(动词不定式为复合宾语)

rely on sb. Doing sth. 依赖某人做某事(sb. doing 为动名词复合结构)

rely on sb. For sth. 依靠某人提供某物

rely on it that ... 相信……,指望……

【注意】

① rely on 后不直接跟宾语从句,须先接it作形式宾语,再接真正的宾语。

② rely on 仅表示“依靠,依赖,指望”,而depend on除表示“依赖,依靠”之外,还有“取决于,视……而定”之意。

(2) 相信,信赖,信任

rely on sb. to do sth. 相信某人会做某事

9. familiar adj.

(1) 熟悉的,通晓的

be/get familiar with 熟悉;与……熟悉起来

be familiar to 为……所熟悉

(2) 亲密的,亲近的

学海无涯,精做知识

be on familiar terms with 与……交情很好

【注意】

be familiar with的主语是人,表示某人对某人或某物很熟悉;

be familiar to 的主语是物,表示对于某人来说某物是很熟悉的。

10. or so 大约

【注意】

or so 位于数词之后,表示“大约”;而表达同样含义的about,around和some都位于数词之前。

I have about/around/some 100 yuan on me. = I have 100 yuan or so on me.

我身上带了大约100元钱。

11. break up

(1) 解散;散开

The meeting broke up at eleven o’clock. 会议在11点散会。

(2) 破碎;拆开,打碎

The ship broke up on the rocks. 船触礁撞碎了。

(3) 与某人绝交;关系破裂;结束

She’s just broken up with her boyfriend. 她刚刚和男朋友分手。

Their marriage has broken up. 他们的婚姻已经破裂。

【拓展】

break down 出故障;垮掉;失败 break into 破门而入

break in 插话,打断 break away from 脱离

break off 打断;折断 break through 突破

break out 突然发生,爆发(疾病,战争,火灾等)

12. in addition 另外;也

【辨析】in addition与in addition to

易混词组 辨析 例句

I meet a famous singer and

some friends in addition at the

in addition “另外(=as well)”相当于连接副词 party. 在聚会上,我碰到了一个著名歌手,还遇到了一些朋友。

In addition to swimming, she

“除……之外(还)(=as well as)”,相in addition to likes playing the guitar. 除游当于介词

泳外,她还喜欢弹吉他。

13. sort out 分类;整理;拣出

14. confident adj.

(1) 自信的,有信心的

about/of/that 对……有信心

be confident

in 在……方面充满信心

(2) 肯定的;确信的;有把握的

Are you confident that they will attend the meeting? 你确信他们会参加会议吗?

【注意】

confident是形容词,后常接of或about;

confidence是名词,后常接in,构成搭配have/show confidence in,均表示“对……有信心”

我们对未来充满信心。

We have confidence in our future.

We are confident of our future.

15. brief adj. & n.

【拓展】

to be brief = briefly speaking = in short简单地说

in brief 简言之;总之

【链接】

“总之”的多种表达法:in brief, in short, in a/one word, all in all

【辨析】in brief与in short

易混词组 辨析 例句

学海无涯,精做知识

in brief

in short

着重于重点突出,不拖泥带水

多指在较长叙述之后长话短说,含有“综上所述”之意

There is not much time left, so

I’ll tell you about it in brief.

剩下的时间不多了,因此我会简明扼要地告诉你。

In short, he is an honest man.

总之,他是个诚实的人。

16. preform v.

(1) vt. 演出,演奏,表演

perform a part in a play 在剧中扮演一个角色

(2) vt. 执行,履行

perform one’s promise 履行诺言

perform one’s duty 尽职责

perform an operation 做手术

(3) vi. (非正式) (人)表现

17. sensitive adj.

(1) 易生气的;已被惹恼的;神经过敏的

be sensitive about/to 对……敏感的

(2) 敏感的;灵敏的

【辨析】sensitive与sensible

易混词组 辨析 例句

The movie may upset a

一般指对事物的反应和洞察力,即“敏sensitive sensitive child. 这部影片可能感的”

使敏感的孩子感到很难过。

She gave me some very

一般指通情达理或切合实际的,即“明sensible sensible advice. 她给了我一智的,有判断能力的”

些很合理的建议。

18. What if ...? = What would happen if ...? 要是……会怎么样呢?

What if the train is late? 火车要是晚点会怎么样呢?

【链接】

(1) How come? 怎么会呢?/怎么回事?(表示惊讶)

—I didn’t even eat lunch today. 我今天连午饭都没吃。

—Really? How come? 真的?怎么回事?

(2) What for? 为何目的?/为什么?

—I need to see a doctor. 我得去看医生。

—What for? 看什么病?

(3) So what? 那又怎样?(认为某事无关紧要,尤用于反驳他人的指责时)

—He is only a child of ten! 他只是一个10岁的孩子!

—So what? 那又怎样?

19. above all 最重要的是,首先;尤其(多用于句首,作状语;表示意义的增补)

【辨析】above all与first of all

易混词组 辨析 例句

“最重要的是;首先”,强调事物的重Above all, we must be honest.

above all

要性 最重要的是我们必须诚实。

First of all, let me introduce

first of all “首先”,强调事物的排列顺序 my friend. 首先,让我介绍一下我的朋友。

重点句子

1. To be honest, a lot of people attach great importance to becoming rich and famous.

说实在的,很多人把名和利看得很重要。

2. They were so popular that their fans formed clubs in order to get more familiar with them.

他们如此受欢迎以至于歌迷们为了更加熟悉他们而组建了俱乐部。

3. Freddy and his band could not go out anywhere without being followed.

弗雷迪和他的乐队无论走到哪儿都有人跟踪。

4. Their personal life was regularly discussed by people who did not know them but talked as if

they were close friends.

一些不认识他们的人在不断地讨论他们的私生活,而且就像是他们的密友一样在谈论他

们。


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