48个国际音标以及对应的字母组合发音

48个国际音标表

长元音

12个单元音

元

音

8个双元短元音

[i:]

[?:]

[?:]

[u:] [ɑ:]

[i]

[?]

[?]

[u]

[?]

[e]

[Λ]

[ai] [ei]

[?i] [i?]

音

清辅[p]

10音

[t] [k] [f]

[??]

[?u]

[u?]

[au]

[s]

[θ]

[∫]

[t?]

[tr] [ts]

对

浊辅[b]

辅

音

音

3个鼻音

[m] [n]

3个似拼[h]

音

2个半元[w] [j]

音

音标 字母 例词

[d] [g] [v] [z]

[e] [?] [d?]

[dr] [dz]

[?]

[l]

[r]

[i:]

e

ea

ee

ey

i

ie

er

ir

or

ur

ear

a

al

au

aw

or

oar

oor

our

ore

o

u

oe

ue

oo

ui

ou

wo

a

ar

ear

i

y

a

or

er

u

a

e

o

a

u

oo

ou

evening,be,she,these,we

eat,clean,icecream,please,teacher

see,three,thirteen

key

policeman

believe,piece

her,

bird,girl,sir,shirt,skirt,thirty

word,work,worker

nurse,purple,turn,urgent

earth,early,earn,

water,

all,wall,ball,talk

August

draw,awful,law,

or,horse,short

boart,board,

door,floor,

your,four,course,court

more,bore,

improve,lose

ruler,

shoe,

blue,

soon,room,pool，school

fruit,juice

you

two

class,father,dance,afternoon

car,dark,farm,start,arm,market

heart,

live,dinner,listen,picture

family,lovely,many

orange

actor,doctor,forget,

together,dinner,faster,better,water,eraser,brother,worker

suppose,

alone,America,about,allow,

open

shop,bottle,dog,hot,

small,want

put,pull,push,

cook,look,good,cool,foot

could,would,should

[?:]

[?:]

[u:]

[ɑ:]

[i]

[?]

[?]

[u]

o

woman

音标 字母

a

e

animal

例词

bad,that,practice,relax,happy,family,stand,apple,fact,matter

better,remember,never,best,when,together,every,question

weather,pleasant,

anyway,many

money,love,mother,some,nothing,color

number,lucky,club,fun,

flood,blood

enough,trouble,young

ice,China,find,like,nine,white,idea,climb

my,shy,try,fly,

eye

pie,die,

guide

buy

high,light,night

height

amazing,age,game,table,make,paper

afraid,train,wait

way,today

great

pay,okay,play,say,

eight,

grey,

eight,neighbour

point,join,coin,noise

toy,boy,enjoy,employ,

ear,hear,year,clear,

deer,beer,

here,

idea

hair,pair,air,stairs,chair,fair

share,parents,prepare,square,

wear,bear,

their

there,where

hope,open,also,zero,only,old,home

goal,road,float,

soul

know,yellow,show,snow

[?]

[e]

[Λ]

ea

a

o

u

oo

ou

i

y

ey

ie

ui

uy

igh

eigh

a

ai

ay

ea

ay

ei

ey

eigh

[ai]

[ei]

[?i]

[i?]

oi

oy

ear

eer

ere

ea

air

are

[??]

ear

eir

ere

o

oa

ou

ow

[?u]

音标

字母 例词

oor

poor,

tour,

sure,pure,cure

about,proud,found,house,hour,out,dout

how,cow,now,allow,flower

polite,keep,help,picture,poor

talk,tomato,treat,pretty,little,quiet

kite,book,take,basketball,kidding,

cry,clock,cat,clever,clean

school

black,clock,sock

flight,free,chief,fresh,fly,follow,floor

photo,phone

life,knife,

snake,spoon,soup,

miss,class,success

dance,nice,piece,face,juice,twice,cinema

tense,please,sense,

think,thank,heathy,birthday,breath,nothing,truth,math

shoot,shock,shirt,fish,rubbish,wish,English

machine,

social,

tension,

mention,ambition,

chair,church,rich,beach,change

try,treat,treasure,trouble,true,trade

hits,puts,nuts,facts,attracts,accounts

[u?]

[au]

[p]

[t]

[k]

our

ure

ou

ow

p

t

k

c

ch

ck

f

[f]

ph

fe

s

ss

c

se

[s]

[θ]

th

sh

ch

[∫]

ci

si

ti

[t?]

[tr]

[ts]

[b]

[d]

[g]

[v]

音标

ch

tr

ts

b

d

g

v

bird,black,book,job,

desk,dear,deep,read

grass,glove,glass,dog,plug，forget,egg

very,various,vegetable,volleyball

字母

z

ss

zero,zone,zoo,crazy

business

例词

[z]

se

s

because,exercise,those

present,photos

with,this,weather,gather,father,bother,another

usually,pleasure,decision,measure

jeep,juice,July,jewelry

age,orange,,engineer

draw,drive,draft,drug,drink

hands,words,minds,reads

besides,

matter,mother,math,massage,mind,impossible

nice,question,lion

knife,know

English,

ring,

happy,handsome,holiday,hope,hurt

who,whose

ruler,break,respect,problem,wrong,battery,

carry,hurry,sorry

write,wrong

lunch,large,lead,laugh,popular,

wet,web,watch,window

white,why,

yesterday,yellow,lawyer

[e]

[?]

[d?]

[dr]

[dz]

[m]

[n]

[?]

[h]

[r]

[l]

[w]

[j]

th

s

j

g

dr

ds

des

m

n

kn

n

ng

h

wh

r

rr

wr

l

w

wh

y

一、英语名词复数变化及发音规则

1、 一般在词尾加－s.

一般来说，s在元音或浊辅音后读[z}，在清辅音后面读成[s]，在[t]后与[t]在一起读成[ts]，在[d]后与[d]一起读成[dz]。

cups??杯子????????????????days??日子hands?手??????????????????????????hats???帽子

2、以s,sh,ch,x结尾的词在词尾加－es，读[iz]

classes班级????????????????buses?公共汽车boxes??盒子??????????????????watches?手表

3、以“元音字母＋y”结尾的词，加－s，读作[z]；以辅音字母＋y结尾的词，变y为i，再加－es，读[iz]

boy-boys?男孩????toy-toys玩具story-stories?故事??factory-factories?工厂???????????baby-babies??宝贝

4、以o结尾的词，多数加－s，读[z]

kilo-kilos?公里?????????photo-photos?照片????piano-pianos??钢琴

1）以元音字母＋o结尾的词一律加－s，读[z]。

zoo-zoos?动物园????????????radio-radios?收音机

2）少数以o结尾的词，在词尾加-es，读[z]。

tomato-tomatoes?西红柿?hero-heroes?英雄potato-potatoes?土豆

5、以f或fe结尾的词，多数把f,fe变为v，再加－es，读[s]

leaf-leaves?树叶?????thief-thieves?小偷???????wife-wives?妻子?????????????knife-knives?小刀?????????shelf-shelves?架子

6、不规则名词的复数形式

(1)通过变化单词内部元音字母，构成复杂形式。

man-men?男子??????????????woman-women?女人??????????foot-feet?脚???????????

tooth-teeth??牙齿?????????mouse-mice?老鼠child-children?小孩???

(2)单数形式与复数形式相同??

sheep-sheep?绵羊??deer-deer?鹿Chinese-Chinese?中国人??

?Japanese-Japanese?日本人

二、动词第三人称单数的变化及发音规则

动词原形变第三人称单数的规则与发音规律同名词单数变复数大致相同，请认真观察。

1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音后发音为[s]，在浊辅音及元音后发音为[z]

①stop－stops[s];make－makes[s]

②read－reads[z];play－plays[z]

2、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的，要先将“y”变为“i”，然后在加“es”读[iz]

fly－flies[z]；carry－carries[z]

study－studies[z];worry－worries

3、以“s,x,ch,sh”结尾的，在词尾加“es”，发音为[iz]

teach－teaches[iz];watch－watches[iz]

4、以“o”结尾的动词，加“es”，读[z]

go－goes[z]do－does[z]

5、下面几个动词变为单数时，原词的元音部分的发音发生了较大的变化，请注意记忆

1、do[du:]－does[dz]

2、say[sei]－says[sez]

6、以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词，如果尾音是[s]，[z]时，加“s”后字母“e”发音，与所加“s”一起读做[iz]

close－closes[iz]

7、对比词形变化中原词词尾变化之异同：变“y”为“”现象双写最后辅音字母现象

①baby－babies

②carry－carries

③study－studies