人教版选修六第四单元

人教版选修六第四单元

Unit 4

一．知识点

词汇：

1. phenomenon n. pl phenomena 现象

An eclipse of the moon is a rare phenomenon.

Bankruptcy is a common phenomenon in an economic

recession.

2. glance vi. look quickly at (sb./sth.) n. a quick look

glance at = take a glance at 匆匆一看；扫视

stare at 盯着看；凝视

glare at 瞪着眼看；怒目而视；怒视

She glanced shyly at the young fellow from behind.

They stood glaring at each other as if they were enemies.

3. decrease vt.&vi. become smaller or fewer;diminish;reduce

decrease/reduce…to/by…减小，降低到（了）；反义increase

Student numbers have decreased by/to 500.

Interest in the sport is decreasing.

4. exist vi. 存在

existence n.存在生存came into existence产生

Does life exist on other planets?

Few of these monkeys still exist in the world.

Pakistan came into existence as an independent country

after the war.

5.. supply sb. with sth. = supply sth. for/to sb.提供/供应某物给某人

provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb.

offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb.

1) The school supplies books for/to the children.

2) We are here to provide a service for the public.

6. compare…to…把……比作

compare…with…把……和……比较

compared with/to与……相比（在句中常作状语）

compare with与某人/物相比

People often compare children to flowers.

If you compare her work with his,you?ll find hers is better.

Compared with/to many women, she was indeed very

fortunate

This can?t compare with that.

7. come about发生come across偶然遇到come out出版，（花）开

Please tell me how the accident came about,I?m still in the

dark.

8. build up 树立，逐步建立；增加；增进（健康）；集结

build up one?s health增进健康build up a good

reputation/fame树立良好的声誉；Traffic is building up.车辆在增多

1) This built up my hope after the interview.

9. keep on sth/doing sth 继续/坚持做某事表动作的反复，有停顿

keep doing sth一直不断地做某事表动作的持续，无停顿

1) Though it was raining, they kept on working until it was

finished. 2) I kept standing in the train

all the way.

.keep ….from….

stop…. (from)….

prevent…(from)….

You should clean your room to keep it from getting dirty.你应该打扫房间以保持干净。

Keep doing 继续

keep out 挡住使进不去

keep up with 跟上

What do you think green house gases do?你认为温室气体有什么作用呢?

10.. on the whole = in the main =in the abstract大体上，基本上，总的来说

as a whole总体上，作为一个整体看待

On the whole, I am in favor of the idea.

11. make a difference有关系，有影响，有重要性

make some/no/any/not much/a great deal of difference（to…）颇有/没有/有些/没有多大/有很大影响（关系）

The rai n didn?t make much difference to the game.

It makes no difference whether you go today or tomorrow.

12. make sense (of)有道理；有意义；讲得通；明白；是明智的

1) This sentence doesn?t make sense.

2) Can you make sense of the poem?

3) It makes sense to buy the most up-to-date version.

13. put up with = stand = bear = stand for忍受，容忍

1) We had to put up with the inconvenience.

10. so long as = as long as 只要；既然,由于

1) You may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean.

2) So long as there is a demand for these drugs, the financial

incentive for drug dealers will be there.

14. up to as many as 多达;up till直到;胜任;正在干,从事着

1) I can take up to four in my car.

2) Up to now he has been very quiet.

3) He?s not up to the job.

4) What?s she up to?

e v.---- consumer (n.).

1 消耗,花费;耗尽

She consumed most of her time in reading.

2吃完,喝光

The kids soon consumed all the food on the table. 孩子们一会儿功夫便把桌上的食品全部吃光。

3 使全神贯注,使着迷+with

The boy was consumed with curiosity. 那男孩充满好奇心。

… as one can = as … as possible

Please come here as soon as possible.= Please come here as

soon as you can..

as many as 多达

as long as 长达,只要

as far as远至,就…而论

as well as 和…一样好,也,和

as early as 早在

/doc/,pare

compare to/ with: 与…相比

Compared to/with many women, she was indeed very

fortunate.

compare A with B：相比（不同）

If you compare her work with his, you will findhers is much

better.

compare A to B：把A比作B

Poets have compared sleep to death.

A teacher's work is often compared to a candle.

The poet compares his lover to a rose in his poems.

Compared to ten years ago, the carbon dioxide content over

this decade has gone up rapidly. Carbon dioxide in the

atmosphere is compared to the glass of greenhouse.

Compared with is similar to

People often compare teachers to gardeners. 人们经常把老师

比做园丁。

That probably doesn?t sound very much to you or me but it

is a rapid increase.

compared to most natural changes 与大多数的自然变化相比

is no doubt that ….毫无疑问….

There is no doubt that he can come on time.

doubt的宾语从句,肯定句whether / if / that 否定句that

He doubted whether they would be able to help.

He never doubted that they would win the game.

beyond / without doubt无疑地

It is human activity that…

原句：My teacher did the experiment in the lab yesterday

morning with me.

强调主语：It was my teacher that did the experiment in the

lab yesterday morning with me.

强调宾语It was the experiment that my teacher did in the lab

yesterday morning with me.

强调时间状语It was yesterday morning that my teacher did

the experiment in the lab with me.

强调地点状语It was in the lab that my teacher did the

experiment yesterday morning with me.

强调方式状语It was with me that my teacher did the

experiment in the lab yesterday morning. not …until…

I didn?t realize she was a famous film star until she took off

her dark glasses.

It was until she took off her da rk glasses that I didn?t realize

she was a famous film star.(错)

It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized

she was a famous film star.(对)

强调句的一般疑问句句型：Is/Was+被强大的部分

+that/who/whom+句子的其他部分？

特殊疑问句强调句句型的构成：特殊疑问词+be+it+that+句子的其他部分（用陈述语序）例如：

Did he help you with your English study last week?

Was it he that helped you with your English study last week?

When did you receive the gift?

When was it that you received the gift?

19．Without the …green house effect?，the earth would be

about thirty-three degrees Celsius cooler than it is.如果没有温室效应，地球会比现在冷33℃

▲这是一个含蓄虚拟条件句

=If there were no “green house effect”, the earth would be

about thirty-three degrees Celsius cooler than it is.

But for electricity (= If there were no electricity)，there would

be no modem industry．

要是没有电，就不会有现代工业。

He was having a meeting with his students；otherwise he

would have come.

他当时正与他的学生进行讨论，否则的话他就来帮我们了。

He felt very tired yesterday, or he would have attended the

party．

他昨天很累, 不然他就参加那个聚会了。

20. quantity

1) He likes reading and always buys books in quantity. 他喜欢阅读,总是成批地买书。

2)He prefers quality to quantity when food is concerned. 在吃的方面，他重质而不重量

3A large quantity of air-conditioners has been sold since the

temperature began to rise.自从气温升高，大量的空调已经被卖出去了。

a large quantity of/large quantities of;大量的…，许多的…

in quantity;成批地，大量地

a large quantity of/large quantities of之后接可数或不可数名词。

注意:a large quantity of…作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。large

quantities of…作主语，谓语动词都用复数

Quantities of food were on the table.

Huge quantities of CO2 are added to the atmosphere.

Huge quantities of fossil fuels are burned to produce energy.

As a result of burning fossil fuels, a large of carbon dioxide

___ added to the atmosphere.

A. number; is

B. quantity; is

C. number; are

D. quantity; are

语法：

常考的强调句结构是it 引导的句子。

一、It is (was) 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子其他部分。此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语。

It is from the sun that we get light and heat.

It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the

true state of affairs.

Karl bought Marva a bicycle on her birthday．卡尔在玛瓦生日那天给她买了一辆自行车。

It was Karl that／who bought Marva a bicycle on her

birthday．（强调主语）

It was Marva for whom Karl bought a bicycle on her

birthday．（强调间接宾语）

It was a bicycle that Karl bought Marva on her birthday．（强调直接宾语）

注意区别强调句中的that／who分句与定语从句：

It was the student that／who asked the silly question．是一个学生问了这么一个愚蠢的问题。（分裂句）

He was the student who asked the silly question．他就是问了这么一个愚蠢问题的学生。（划线部分是定语从句）

二、not ... until ... 的强调形式: It is not until + 被强调部分+

that ... “直到…才…”，主要用于强调时间状语的强调句型。

We did not begin studying French until we entered

university．我们进了大学才开始学法语。要强调until we entered

university，就成了：

It was not until we entered university that we began studying

French．

______ the 18th century that man realized that the whole of

the brain was involved in the working s of the mind．

A. During

B. In

C. It was until

D. It was not until

D对。直到十八世纪，人们才意识到：心理活动与整个大脑有关。

三、强调句的疑问句句型

1.强调句的一般疑问句句型:

Is / Was +it +所强调的部分+that / who/ whom +其它?

2.强调句的特殊疑问句句型:

特殊疑问词+ is/was it that / who/ whom+其它?

Why is it that you hate winter？你究竟为什么不喜欢冬天？

How was it that you missed such a wonderful lecture？你怎么会错过这么精彩的报告？

When was it that they went abroad？他们什么时候出国的？

四、判断强调句的方法

判断是否是强调句是，可把It is / was …that 去掉，剩余部分在

不增减任何词的情况下还是一个完整的句子，那么这种句子是强调句。

It was in the street that I met her father.

→In the street I met her father.

It was because she was ill that they didn?t ask her to do the

job.

→Because she was ill, they didn?t ask her to do the job.

二．作业

I.选择题

1. From last year's experience, we believe firmly that, with the

help of our wise government, most diseases, including SARS,

could be and must be ______.

A. wiped away

B. wiped off

C. wiped out

D. wiped over

2. The New Year Evening Party, turning out to be_______ great

success, came to ______ end after midnight.

A. a; an

B. 不填: an

C.不填;不填

D. the; an

3. If we had at driving, you wouldn't have been so tired.

A. taken pains

B. taken measures

C. taken turns

D. taken sides

4. It's a good example of people live in _________ with their

environment.

A. common

B. balance

C. cooperation

D. harmony

5. What surprised me most was that that old general had

three nurses___________ him.

A. attended on

B. to attend on

C. attended to

D. attending to

6.20% of the people on earth do not have access _______

clean drinking water.

A. by

B. to

C. at

D. through

7.--Can you tell me where my son is?

--Yes, of course,__________.

A. here your son comes

B. here comes your son

C. comes your son here

D. your son here comes

8. Cattle________ kept off the field by a bamboo fence.

A. are

B. is

C. has

D. have

9. Do you think _________ a good idea________ ?

A. it, to hold such conferences

B. that, to hold such conferences

C. it, holding such conferences

D. as, to hold such conferences

10. He kept his eyes __________ where he was.

A. shut and stay

B. shutting and saying

C. shut and stayed

D. to shut and stay

11. ________ of the forest in this area were cut down.

A. Three four

B. Three quarters

C. Three quarter

D. Threes quarters

12. Tom was late this morning and he stole into the office

without

A. seeing

B. seen

C. being seen

D. having been seen

13. The problem ___________ at the meeting yesterday are

great importance.

A. discussing, of

B. discussed, of

C. to be discussed, /

D. discussed, /

14. There are many reasons for animals _________.

A. died out

B. dying out

C. die away

D. dying off

15. To my great ______, a lot of my classmates came to my

birthday party.

A. joy

B. happy

C. pleasant

D. pleased

II. 完形

What will man be like in 1 --in 5,000 or even 50, 000 years

from now on? We can only make a 2 , of course, but we can be

sure that he will be 3 what he is today. For man is slowly changing

all the time.

Let us take an obvious 4 . Man, even five hundred years ago,

was shorter than he is today. Now on 5 , men are about three

inches taller. Five hundred years are a relatively short period of

time, so we can imagine that man will continue to grow 6

Again, in the modern world we use our 7 a great deal. Even

so, we still make use of only bout 20% of the brain?s capacity(能量). As time 8 on, however, we shall have to use our brains 9 --and eventually we shall need 10 ones! This is 11 to bring about a

physical change too: the head, in particular the forehead, will

grow larger.

Nowadays our eyes are in 12 use. In fact, we use them so

much that very often they become weaker and we have to wear

glasses. But over a very long period of time it is likely that man's

eyes will grow 13

On the other hand, we tend to make less use of our anus and

legs. These, as 14 , are likely to grow weaker. At the same time,

15 , our fingers will grow more sensitive because they are used a

great 16 in modern life. But what about hair? This will probably

17 from the body altogether in course of time because it does

not serve a useful purpose any longer. In the future then, both

sexes (性别) are likely to be bald (赤裸裸的) !

Perhaps all this gives the 18 that future man will not be a very

attractive creature to look at! This may well be true. All the same,

19 all these changes, future man will still have a lot in 20 with us.

He will still be a human being, with thoughts and emotions

similar to our own.

( )1. A. future B. the future C. appearance D. figure

( )2 .A. guess B. game C. idea D. picture

( )3. A. the same as B. similar to

C. different from

D. pleased to look at

( )4. A. sample B. model C. example D. fact

( )5. A. common B. general C. usual D. average

( )6. A. cleverer B. taller C. fatter D. thinner

( )7. A. arms B. legs C. brains D. muscles

( )8. A. goes B. went C. comes D. came

( )9. A. less and less B. more and less C. more or less D. more

and more ( )10. A. smaller B. thinner C. better D. larger

( )11. A. unlike B. unlikely C. like D. likely

( )12. A. great B. constant C. perfect D. enough

( )13. A. nearsighted B. farsighted C. weaker D. stronger ( )14.

A. a matter of fact B. a surprise C. a result D. a focus

( )15. A. but B. though C. whenever D. however

( ) 16. A. lot B. many C. quantity D. deal

( ) 17. A. emerge B. appear C. disappear D. remove ( ) 18, A.

impact B. impression C. expression D. idea

( ) 19, A. but for B. inspire of C. because of D. owing to

( ) 20. A. touch B. connection C. association D. common

Unit4 参考答案

I 1-5 CACDD 6-10 BBAAC 11-15 BCBBA

II 1-5 BACCD 6-10 BCADD 11-15 DBDCD 16-20 DCBBD