考研英语926核心词汇(精心整理)

考研英语926 核心词汇精心整理

1

核心词汇

1 abdicate ['æbdɪkeɪt]

v.退位、放弃【真题例句】King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings don’t abdicate, they die in their sleep.”2015 TEXT1西班牙国王胡安•卡洛斯曾坚称“国王不会退位，他们只会在睡眠中死去。”2 abide [ə'baɪd]

v.遵守、忍受【真题例句】The company, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage inVermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment toabide by the strict nuclear regulations. 2012 TEXT2该公司是新英格兰地区的一家主要能源供应商。当它上星期宣布将违背“遵守严格的核安全条例”这一长期许诺时，在佛蒙特州激起了愤怒，这种愤怒合乎情理。3 abolish [əˈbɒlɪʃ]

v.废除、取消【真题例句】This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and requiredthem to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. 2010TEXT4这项法律废除了对联邦陪审员的特殊教育要求，并要求他们从整个社区的各个阶层中被随机挑选。4 abound [ə'baʊnd]

v.充满；到处都是【真题例句】As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders. 2011 TEXT2随着经济复苏和好转，对有理想的领导来说，机会到处都是。5 absolute ['æbsəlu:t]

adj.绝对的、专制的

2

【真题例句】

France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion

industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. 2016 TEXT1

法国一向以作为全球时尚革新者为傲，如今它决定其时尚产业已经失去了定义女性体型美的绝对权力。

6 absorb [əb'sɔ:rb]

v.吸收、承受【真题例句】During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in theirretirement income. 2007 TEXT3在同一时期，家庭被要求在退休收入方面承受更多的风险。7 abstract ['æbstrækt]

adj.抽象的

【真题例句】

But they were popular because of their airy glass walls, the views they afforded and the

elegance of the buildings’ details and proportions, the architectural equivalent of the

abstract art so popular at the time. 2011 TEXT3

但它们因通风的玻璃外墙、室外的风景以及优雅的建筑细节和比例备受欢迎,这种建筑风格与当时流行一时的抽象艺术颇为一致。

8 abundantly [ə'bʌndəntli]

adv.大量地、非常地

【真题例句】

Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other

members of the group. 2005 TEXT1

拒绝接受较少的酬劳可以完全让这些情绪非常清楚地传达给其它成员。

9 abuse [ə'bju:s]

v/n.虐待、滥用

【真题例句】

“Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are

needlessly and predictably suffering,” to the extent that it constitutes “systematic patient

abuse.”

2002 TEXT4

很多医生似乎并不关心病人所遭受的那些可以预见且没有必要的痛苦，从该意义3

上讲，这就构成了对于病人的 “系统性虐待”。

10 academic [ˌækə'demɪk]

adj.学术的

【真题例句】

Mr. McWhorter’s academic specialty is language history and change, and he sees the

gradual disappearance of “whom,” for example, to be natural and no more regrettable

than the loss of the case-endings of Old English. 2005 TEXT4

麦克沃特先生的学术专长是语言史和语言演变；他认为诸如“whom”这种单词的逐渐消失是自然的，与古英语演变中的尾格消失一样，不足为憾。

11 accelerate [ək'seləˌreɪt]

v.加速、促进【真题例句】“Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them,” he said.2016 TEXT4他说：“想办法加速转型对他们来说是明智之举。”12 access ['ækses]

v/n.进入、使用

【真题例句】

The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling

agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week(CFW). 2016TEXT1

宪章的主要强制手段是拒绝设计师和模特代理机构进入哥本哈根时尚周（CFW）。

13 acclaim [ə'kleɪm]

v/n.称赞、喝彩

【真题例句】

Gilbert’s appointment has received acclaim. 2011 TEXT1

吉尔伯特的任命受到了称赞。

14 accommodate [əˈkɒmədeɪt]

v.容纳、（使）适应【真题例句】Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on bothsides of the immigration battle. 2013 TEXT2适应这样一个人员流动的新世界需要移民斗争双方都有新的态度。4

15 accompany [ə'kʌmpəni]

v.陪伴、伴随【真题例句】Little reward accompanies duplication and confirmation of what is already known andbelieved. 2012 TEXT3重复和确认已经被人们所知和深信的知识几乎不会伴随任何回报。16 account [ə'kaʊnt]

v.占比、解释 n.账户、资料【真题例句】Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which futuremanagement efforts must take into account. 2006 TEXT3迈尔斯博士和沃尔姆博士认为他们的研究给出了正确的基准线，且未来管理努力必须考虑该基准线。17 accuracy ['ækjərəsi]

n.精确（性）、准确（性）【真题例句】There are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgerywith submillimeter accuracy -- far greater precision than highly skilled physicians canachieve with their hands alone. 2002 TEXT2已经有机器人系统可以操作一些亚毫米精度的头颅和骨骼手术——比技艺高度精湛的医生徒手完成的还要精准得多。18 achieve [ə'tʃi:v]

v.获得、实现【真题例句】The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in allcountries can be trained on the job to achieve radically higher productivity and, as aresult, radically higher standards of living. 2009 TEXT3一家研究机构的研究结果一致表明所有国家的工人都能在工作中通过训练以实现生产力的根本提高和随之而来的生活水平的根本提高。19 acknowledge [əkˈnɒlɪdʒ]

v.承认、认可【真题例句】5

As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including

non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive. 2005 TEXT4

作为语言学家，他承认所有种类的人类语言（包括黑人英语这种非标准语言）都是极具表达力的。

20 acquire [ə'kwaɪər]

v.获得、习得【真题例句】They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rightsmisinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. 2003TEXT2他们需要快速对编辑来信做出回应，以免动物权利错误信息毫无障碍的通过并且获得欺骗性的真理表象。21 activate ['æktɪ'veɪt]

v.刺激、激发【真题例句】Dawna Markova agrees that curiosity activates creative minds. 2009 TEXT1戴万娜•玛孔瓦同意好奇心激发创造思维。22 acute [ə'kju:t]

adj.严重的、急性的

【真题例句】

As well as those chronic problems, the EU face an acute crisis in its economic core.

2011 TEXT4

在这些长期问题之外，欧盟经济中心还面临一个急性的危机。

23 adaptable [ə'dæptəbl]

adj.适合的、能适应的

【真题例句】

“Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently

increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.”

2013 TEXT3

“（智人）被列为最不需要担忧的物种，因为该物种分布非常广泛，适应力强，目前还在增长，并且没有导致其整体数量下降的主要威胁存在。”

24 adequate ['ædɪkwət]

6

adj.充足的、充分的

【真题例句】

Regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security. 2007 TEXT4

如果公司不能提供充分的数据安全，管理者就会采取措施。

25 adhere [əd'hɪr]

v.坚持、遵守【真题例句】For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractiveCEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. 2011 TEXT2多年以来，管理者和猎头一直坚持这样一条原则：最有吸引力的CEO候选人是那些必须被挖来的人。26 adjoining [ə'dʒɔɪnɪŋ]

adj.邻接的、相邻的

【真题例句】

However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that

each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour

became markedly different. 2005 TEXT1

然而，当两只猴子被放在分开但相邻的笼子里时，所以一只会观察另一只用它的石头换来了什么，它们的行为会变得明显不同。

27 adjust [ə'dʒʌst]

v.调整、适应【真题例句】Managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growingnumbers of bigger, longer frames. 2008 TEXT3管理者一直以来都非常乐意调整队服以适应越来越多更加高大的躯体。28 administration [ədˌmɪnɪ'streɪʃn]

n.管理、（美国）政府【真题例句】The Administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry outCongress’s immigration wishes,no state should be allowed to do so either. 2013TEXT4联邦政府其实是在宣称因为它不想执行国会的移民意愿，所以任何州也不允许这样做。7

29 admire [əd'maɪər]

v.钦佩、欣赏【真题例句】During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England’s foremost classical-musiccritics, a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller.2010 TEXT1然而，在他一生中，他也是英国最有名的古典音乐批评家之一，同时还是一位广受钦佩的文体家，以至于他的《自传》（1947年出版）畅销一时。30 admit [əd'mɪt]

v.承认【真题例句】Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how muchbusinesses ought to spend on CSR. 2016 TEXT3研究者承认他们的研究未能回答这个问题：企业应当花多少钱在CSR上。31 adopt [əˈdɒpt]

v.收养、采纳【真题例句】Among the most popular:paternity and kinship testing, which adopted children can useto find their biological relatives and families can use to track down kids put up foradoption.2009 TEXT2基因测试最流行的用途：亲子鉴定。被收养的孩子可以用它来寻找他们生理上的亲属，同时家庭可以用它来寻找被收养的孩子。32 adornment [ə'dɔ:nmənt]

n.装饰（品）【真题例句】The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on materialadornment and idealized body types. 2016 TEXT1时尚产业知道它有一个内在的问题：关注物质装饰和理想化身型。33 advocate ['ædvəkeɪt]

v.提倡、拥护 n.支持者、拥护者【真题例句】8

Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are

confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care.

2003 TEXT2

科学家需要对动物权利鼓吹者做有力地回应，他们的言论混淆了了大众，因此威胁到健康知识和护理的进步。

34 affect [ə'fekt]

v.影响、感动 n.情感【真题例句】Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect thestress response. 2008 TEXT1对动物与人的研究都表明性激素某种程度上影响压力响应。35 affiliation [əˌfɪlɪ'eiʃn]n.联系、有关联的事物【真题例句】A journal editor would then remove the authors' names and affiliations from the paperand send it to their peers for review. 2008 TEXT2然后杂志编辑会去除论文中的作者姓名和相关信息，并将文章送交给他们的同行进行审查。36 affirm [ə'fɝ:m]

v.肯定、证实【真题例句】“The Heart of the Matter,” the just-released report by the American Academy of Artsand Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanitiesand social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. 2014TEXT4“问题的核心”这份美国艺术与科学学院（AAAS）刚发布的报告，因为它肯定了人文和社会科学对美国自由民主的繁荣和安全的重要性而值得称赞。37 agency ['eidʒənsi]

n.代理、机构【真题例句】They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as “endangered”. 2016 TEXT2他们曾督促该机构定义这种鸟为“濒危”。38 aggravate ['æɡrəveɪt]

9

v.加重、恶化【真题例句】The negative feelings generated during the day tend to aggravate in our unconsciousmind. 2005 TEXT3白天产生的负面情绪倾向于在我们潜意识里恶化。39 aggregation [ˌægrɪ'geɪʃn]

n.聚合、形成【真题例句】But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation ，not the merepossession of bits that gives the data value . 2018 TEXT3但是这种区分不得要领：赋予数据价值的，是处理及聚合信息，而非单单拥有信息。40 aggressive [ə'ɡresɪv]

adj.激进的、过激的、有进取心的

【真题例句】

Physicians too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically

justified. 2003 TEXT4

医生往往提供了远超科学上合理的过激治疗。

41 agitated ['ædʒɪteɪtɪd]

adj.激动的、焦虑的

【真题例句】

Executives were violently agitated. 2012 TEXT3

高管们极度地焦虑。

42 agony ['æɡəni]

n.痛苦【真题例句】On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that theassisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whommodern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying. 2002 TEXT4在另一层面，医学界许多人承认辅助自杀的争论长久以来都被加剧了，部分原因是病人的绝望。对他们来说，现代医学延长了死亡的生理痛苦。43 alien ['eɪliən]

10

adj.外国的 n.外国人

【真题例句】

We hail them as Americans in the making, or brand them as aliens to be kicked out.

英语二2013 TEXT2

我们把他们当作正在形成的美国人致敬，或者把他们标记为有待被赶走的异族人。

44 allay [ə'leɪ]

v.减轻、使缓和【真题例句】A kind of "moral licensing"that allays our concerns and stops us doing more and askingmore of those in charge. 2019TEXT4这一“道德颁证”会减轻我们的担忧，并让我们停止去做更多的事情和对当局提出更多的要求。45 allegation ['ælə'geɪʃn]

n.指控、陈述【真题例句】Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed thatanyone would deliberately harm an animal. 2003 TEXT2听到在研究环境中虐待动物的指控，许多人很困惑为什么有人要故意伤害动物。46 alleviate [ə'li:vieɪt]

v.减轻、（使）缓和【真题例句】Toyota Motor,for example,alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlierthis year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign.2011 TEXT3例如丰田汽车，它通过一项相对迅速且经过精心策划的社交媒体响应活动减轻了今年早些时候召回危机对其造成的部分损害。47 alliance [ə'laɪəns]

n.联合、联盟【真题例句】In February the FTC and the Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that theindustry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests. 2013 TEXT2二月，FTC和数字广告联盟（DAA）同意该行业开始对于DNT要求作出回应。11

48 allocation [ˌælə'keɪʃn]

n.分配、配置【真题例句】Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. 2010 TEXT2美林集团因为财产配置策略得到了法律保护（即获得专利）。49 alter ['ɔ:ltɚr]

v.改变、更改【真题例句】They could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or alteredwhile waiting for a warrant . 2015 TEXT2他们可以采取合理的措施保证在等待搜捕令的时候手机数据不会被删除或者更改。50 amateur ['æmətʃər]

adj.业余的 n.业余爱好者

【真题例句】

Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.2010

TEXT1

此外，音乐评论的业余传统一直在倒退。

51 amazing [əˈmeɪzɪŋ]

adj.令人惊讶的

【真题例句】

In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for

homogenizing people. 2006 TEXT1

尽管“无休止地谈论差异”，美国社会却是一台令人惊讶的使人同化的机器。

52 ambiguous [æm'bɪɡjuəs]

adj.模糊不清的，模棱两可的

【真题例句】

But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and

complicated route.2012 TEXT3

但是在每天的科学实践中，发现的路径往往是模糊和复杂的。

53 ambition [æm'bɪʃn]

12

n.雄心、志向【真题例句】Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. 2011 TEXT2罗伯特•维伦斯塔德在2005年带着成为CEO的雄心离开花旗集团。54 amplify ['æmplɪfaɪ]

v.扩大、加强【真题例句】It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became adominant children's marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own. 2012 TEXT2直到20世纪80年代中期，当放大年龄和性别的差异成为儿童市场的主导策略时，粉色才完全变成了现在的样子。55 analogy [ə'nælədʒi]

n.类比【真题例句】IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it hasbeen folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similartasks.2007 TEXT2智力测验要求你完成语言和图形的类比，想象折叠和剪切后的纸张，并且推理数字序列，以及一些类似的测试。56 ancestor ['ænsestɚr]

n.先驱者，祖先【真题例句】However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins andhumans,or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 millionyears ago, is, as yet,an unanswered question.2005 TEXT1然而，这种公平意识是僧帽猴和人独立进化而来的，还是来源于3500万年前共同的祖先，迄今为止，还是个悬而未决的问题。57 announce [ə'naʊns]

v.宣布、声明【真题例句】The company, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage inVermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment toabide by the strict nuclear regulations.2012 TEXT213

该公司是新英格兰地区的一家主要能源供应商。当它上星期宣布将违背“遵守严格的核安全条例”这一长期许诺时，在佛蒙特州激起了愤怒，这种愤怒合乎情理。

58 annoy [ə'nɔɪ]

v/n.困扰、烦扰

【真题例句】

The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a

century. 2017 TEXT3

关于GDP和其实用性的问题一直困扰了政策制定者半个世纪。

59 annual ['ænjuəl]

adj.年度的、每年的、四季常青的

【真题例句】

A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being

sheds some light on that question. 2017 TEXT3

最近一项关于各国及他们将增长转化为福祉能力的年度研究为该问题提供了一些解释。

60 anonymity ['ænə'nɪməti]

n.匿名【真题例句】The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech.2011 完形互联网允许用户匿名，这是隐私和言论自由的福音。61 anticipate [æn'tɪsɪ'peɪt]

v.预测、预料【真题例句】Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airlinetravel,so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line.2017 TEXT1部分原因是政府没有预料到航空旅行的急剧增加，所以TSA目前正在匆忙招募新的安检人员。62 apparent [ə'pærənt]

adj.明显的

【真题例句】

It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs’ continuing

14

popularity as heads of state.2015 TEXT1

正是这种对政治明显的超越，解释了君主作为国家元首持续的流行。

63 appeal [ə'pi:l]

v/n. 吸引、请求、上诉

【真题例句】

Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal

government's Surface Transportation Board for rate relief. 2003 TEXT3

货运商如果感觉到自己被过高收费的话，他们有权向联邦政府路面交通管理局上诉，以获得费率下调。

64 appease [ə'pi：z]

v.安抚、抚慰【真题例句】Children aren't born knowing how to say "I'm sorry"；rather,they learn over time thatsuch statements appease parents and friends - and their own consciences. 2019TEXT1孩子不是生来就知道如何说“对不起”；而是随着时间推移才逐渐学会这种表达可以安抚他们的父母和朋友-以及他们自己的良知。65 apply [ə'plaɪ]

v.运用、适用、申请【真题例句】Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page fromadvertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure. 2012 TEXT1罗森伯格坚定主张公共健康支持者应该向广告商学习，他们应用同辈压力是如此得心应手。66 appoint [ə'pɔɪnt]

v.指定、任命【真题例句】Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed sevenexperts to a statistics board of reviewing editors(SBoRE). 2015 TEXT3因为要与美国统计协会合作，该杂志任命了7名专家进入了审核编辑统计委员会(简称SBoRE)。67 appreciate [ə'pri:ʃɪeɪt]

v.感激、欣赏、理解15

【真题例句】

Sometimes years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and

appreciated.2012 TEXT3

有时候真正新发现的声明需要很多年的时间才能被接受和理解。

68 apprehensive [ˌæprɪ'hensɪv]

adj.忧虑的、不安的

【真题例句】

Many captive shippers' attitude towards the consolidation in the rail industry is

apprehensive.

2003 TEXT3

很多货运商对于铁路产业内兼并的态度是担忧的。

69 approach [ə'prəutʃ]

v.接近、处理 n.接近、方法【真题例句】The most advanced computer systems on Earthcan't approach that kind of ability, andneuroscientists still don't know quite how we do it. 2002 TEXT2地球上最先进的计算机系统也无法接近那种能力，而且神经学家仍然不知道我们是怎么做到的。70 appropriate [ə'prəuprɪət]

adj.适当的、合适的

【真题例句】

It’ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or

the chairman’s notorious bad taste in ties.2002 TEXT1

用不经意的语言去评价食堂极度难吃的饭菜或者是去评价主席人尽皆知的领带品味之差对于你来说是合适的。

71 arbiter ['ɑ:rbɪtɚr]

n.仲裁者、主宰者【真题例句】The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to woman (and many men)that they shouldnot let others be arbiters of their beauty. 2016 TEXT1这些禁令，如果被执行，将暗示女性（和很多男性）不应当让别人成为她们美丽的仲裁者。16

72 arouse [ə'raʊz]

v.引起、激发【真题例句】Business-method patents have recently aroused concern. 2010 TEXT2商业方法专利最近引发了担忧。73 array [ə'reɪ]

v/n.排列

【真题例句】

These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most

rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. 2014 TEXT1

这两位学者使用了大量的行为研究以证明最令人愉悦的花钱方式可能是反常识的。

74 artificial [ˌɑ:rtɪ'fɪʃl]

adj.人造的、人工的

【真题例句】

Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. 2002

TEXT2

事实上，对于真正的人工智能的追求产生了混合的结果。

75 aspect ['æspekt]

n.方面【真题例句】First, scientific work tends to focus on some aspect of prevailing knowledge that isviewed as incomplete or incorrect. 2012 TEXT3首先，科学研究倾向于聚焦现行知识中被认为不完整或者是不正确的方面。76 aspire [ə'spaɪər]

v.渴望、追求【真题例句】Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, tocommand the English language with skill and do they aspire to such commandthemselves.2005 TEXT4美国人不再期望名人（不管是演讲还是写作中）能够有技巧，有天分地驾驭英语。他们自己也不再追求这种能力。17

77 assembly [ə'sembli]

n.集合、组装【真题例句】Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. 2002 TEXT2我们的工厂伴随着机械组装臂的节奏嗡嗡作响。78 assert [ə'sɝ:rt]

v.宣称、断言【真题例句】The Administration was in essence asserting that because it didn’t want to carry outCongress’s immigration wishes, no state should be allowed to do so either. 2013TEXT4联邦政府其实是在宣称因为它不想执行国会的移民意愿，所以任何州也不允许这样做。79 assess [ə'ses]

v.评估、估算【真题例句】Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeedin school and in life. 2007 TEXT2这些标准化的测试可能无法评估一个人在学校和生活中取得成功的所有重要元素。80 asset ['æset]

n.资产【真题例句】Data is becoming an asset which needs to be guarded as much as any other asset.2007TEXT4数据正在成为一种资产，这种资产需要像别的资产一样被保护。81 assign [ə'saɪn]

v.分配、布置【真题例句】Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot complete on their ownor that they cannot do without expensive equipment. 2012 TEXT1当然，不应该布置学生不能独立完成的作业或者是那些需要昂贵设备才能完成的18

作业。

82 assimilation [əˌsɪmə'leɪʃn]

n.同化【真题例句】Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’simmigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation. 2006TEXT1为“国家移民论坛”撰稿的格雷戈里•罗德里格兹报道说今天的外来移民既不是在空前的水平，也不抗拒同化。83 assist [ə'sɪst]

v.帮助、协助【真题例句】The Supreme Court's decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry importantimplications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.2002 TEXT4最高法院关于医生协助病人死亡的决定对于医药如何试图减轻垂死病人的痛苦和遭罪有着重要的暗示。84 associate [ə'səuʃɪeɪt]

v.联合、使有联系【真题例句】Britain’s Labor Party, as its name implies, has long been associated with tradeunionism.2012 TEXT4英国劳动党，如它名字所暗示的一样，与贸易工会主义一直有着联系。85 assume [ə'su:m]

v.假设【真题例句】You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.2013 TEXT3你可能会甚至忍不住假设人类没有什么未来可以期待。86 astrological [ˌæstrə'lɒdʒikl]

adj.占星的

19

【真题例句】

Certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills.2007 TEXT1

特定的星座赋予了高超的足球技巧。

87 astronomy [ə'strɑ:nəmi]

n.天文学【真题例句】The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea.2017 TEXT2天文学界正在做出妥协以改变对于莫纳克亚山的使用。88 atmosphere ['ætməsfɪr]

n.大气（层）、空气、气氛【真题例句】The Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largelyman-made.2005 TEXT2地球的大气确实在变暖，而这个问题主要是人为造成的。89 attract [ə'trækt]

v.吸引【真题例句】If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationshipbetween America's oldest orchestra and the new audience it hopes to attract. 2011TEXT1如果吉尔伯特和他的乐团要成功的话，他们就必须首先改变美国最古老的乐团和他们想吸引的新观众之间的关系。90 auction ['ɔ:kʃn]

v/n.拍卖

【真题例句】

Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christie’s, had to

pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.

2010 TEXT1

在数周内，世界上两个最大的拍卖行，苏富比拍卖行和佳士得拍卖行，需向寄售拍卖品的客户支付近2亿美元担保费。

20

91 authority [ə'θɔ:rəti]

n.权力、权威、官方【真题例句】And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be notonly harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feelbetter.2005 TEXT3一名有影响力的权威人士说，梦这种异常强烈的精神活动不仅能被驾驭，事实上还可以被有意识地控制，以帮助我们睡得更好，感觉更佳。92 automated [ɔ:təˌmeɪtɪd]

adj.自动（化）的

【真题例句】

Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical

politeness for the transaction. 2002 TEXT2

我们的银行业务是在自动柜员机上完成的，它们会用机械的礼貌语言感谢我们的交易。

93 available [ə'veɪləbl]

adj.可得到的、存在的

【真题例句】

Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available

50 years ago. 2006 TEXT3

今天的渔船可以通过卫星或者是声波找到它们的猎物，这些技术在五十年前是不存在的。

94 awkward ['ɔ:kwɚd]

adj.尴尬的

【真题例句】

If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more

natural.

2002 TEXT1

如果你幽默时会感到尴尬，那你必须练习以让它变得自然。

95 bankruptcy ['bæŋkrʌptsi]

n.破产【真题例句】21

As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street,

Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.

2010 TEXT1

就在拍卖行喊出竞标价格的时候，纽约华尔街上历史最悠久的银行之一雷曼兄弟申请了破产。

96 barely ['berli]

adv.仅仅、几乎没有

【真题例句】

As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose

presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human

labor.

2002 TEXT2

结果是，现代世界已经日益充斥着智能的装置。这些装置的存在我们几乎没有注意到，但却已经广泛代替了很多人类劳动力。

97 barrier ['bærɪɚr]

n.障碍【真题例句】Unions may be a barrier to public-sector reforms. 2012 TEXT4工会可能是公共部门改革的障碍。98 behavior [bɪ'hevjɚ]

n.行为、举止【真题例句】There’s no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior.2012 TEXT1毫无疑问，我们的同辈对我们的行为有巨大的影响。【拓展衍生】behavioral [bɪ'hevjərəl]adj.行为的99 bellyful ['belɪ'fʊl]

n.满腹【真题例句】We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come outat last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing. 2004 TEXT422

我们被关在中小学和大学的背诵室里面十年或者十五年，最后出来满腹经纶，却一无所知。

100 benefactor ['benɪfæktɚr]

n.捐助者【真题例句】These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say,and they want to usetheir wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science. 2014 TEXT3这些赞助者们说，他们已经在各自选择的领域内取得了成功，现在他们想用自己的财富来吸引人们关注那些科学领域的成功者。101 benign [bɪ'naɪn]

adj.良性的、无害的

【真题例句】

It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization, and make

capitalism benign. 2011 TEXT4

钝化全球化的尖锐棱角，并使资本主义趋向良性发展是一个雄心勃勃的尝试。

102 betray [bɪ'treɪ]

v.背叛、揭露【真题例句】The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote readerunderstanding,to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity. 2015TEXT4编辑《世界新闻报》的目的不是提升读者的理解，不是保证其所编写新闻的公平，也不是揭露任何共同的人性。103 bias ['baɪəs]

n.偏见【真题例句】Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias. 2004 TEXT2按字母表顺序排列可能会导致无意识的偏见。104 bid [bɪd]

v/n.投标、出价

【真题例句】

Consider the $10.2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this

23

year.

2003 TEXT3

想想今年诺福克南方（美国铁路公司）和CSX（财富500强公司之一）收购联合铁路公司时102亿美元的报价。

105 bilingual ['baɪ'lɪŋgwəl]

adj.双语的

【真题例句】

The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. 2006

TEXT1

移民的孩子倾向于双语的并且精通英语。

106 binary [ˈbaɪnəri,'baɪneri]

adj.非黑即白的、二元的

【真题例句】

This revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren’t binary. 2019 TEXT1

这种认知复兴属于一种更宏观的认知的一部分，即情绪不是非黑即白的。

107 binding ['baɪndɪŋ]

adj.有约束力的

【真题例句】

Quotas get action: they “open the way to equality and they break through the glass

ceiling,” according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally

binding provisions on placing women in top business positions. 2013 TEXT4

雷丁认为，定额让人们采取行动：“开辟平等之路，突破玻璃天花板的限制”。该效果可以在法国和其他国家中看到。这些国家制定了具有法律约束力的条款要求女性进入企业顶级职位。

108 biographical [ˌbaɪə'græfɪkl]

adj.传记的

【真题例句】

They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details

but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. 2007

TEXT1

他们收集了他们能够找到的所有资料，不仅包括表现的统计数据和传记中的细节，还包括他们自己对成功人士进行试验所得到的实验结果。

24

109 board [bɔ:rd]

n.委员会、董事会【真题例句】As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executiveswho don’t get the nod also may wish to move on. 2011 TEXT2随着董事会迫于股东压力仔细检查续任计划，那些没有得到首肯的执行官可能也会想要离开。110 boom [buːm]

v.迅速发展 n.繁荣【真题例句】Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, whichinvestors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. 2004 TEXT3很多消费者似乎受到了股票市场波动的影响，但这些震荡现在被投资者视为持续繁荣的必要组成部分。111 bother ['bɒðə(r)]

v/n.操心、麻烦

【真题例句】

But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into

the brain, they're there to stay. 2009 TEXT1

但是，不必麻烦设法改掉旧习惯；一旦这些惯有程序的辙痕进入大脑，它们将会留在那里。

112 boundary ['baʊndri]

n.界限、范围【真题例句】Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history andprogressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservativeor classical liberal ideas—such as free markets and self-reliance—as falling outside theboundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation. 2014TEXT4今天，教授们通常把对于历史的激进解读和激进的公共政策作为合适的研究对象，而把保守的或者是经典的自由主义思想（比如自由市场或者是自力更生）描绘为常规的、有时候合理的学术调查范围之外的。113 bribery ['braɪbəri]

25

n.行贿、受贿【真题例句】A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions underAmerican's Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). 2016 TEXT3最近的一项研究企图通过查看美国《反海外腐败法》（FCPA）下的行贿起诉来区分它们。114 brief [bri:f]

adj.简短的、简洁的 n.摘要、简报

【真题例句】

Straitford's briefs don't sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby

agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. 2003

TEXT1

斯特福德公司的简报听上去不像华盛邮报通常那样的闪烁其词，很多机构害怕万一犯错，用这种闪烁其词的方法来避免明确的宣称。

115 broaden ['brɔ:dn]

v.扩大、加宽【真题例句】For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept—what you think you wantto do—then broaden it. 2004 TEXT1对于寻找任何的工作，你应当从一个小范围开始—即你想干什么—然后扩大这个范围。116 broker ['broʊkɚr]

n.经纪人【真题例句】In Manhattan, “there’s a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range,predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses,” says broker Barbara Corcoran. 2004TEXT3经纪人芭芭拉•柯克兰说，在曼哈顿，出现了一股对于400万到1000万区间商品房的新的淘金热，这些购房资金主要来源于华尔街的奖金。117 bubble ['bʌbl]

v.冒泡 n.气泡、泡沫【真题例句】Employers wouldn’t mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market.2004 TEXT326

招聘者们不会介意招聘市场上泡沫减少。

118 budget ['bʌdʒɪt]

v/n.预算

【真题例句】

Today’s families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. 2007

TEXT3

现在家庭预算已经达到了他们新的双薪状态的极限。

119 bureaucratic [ˌbjʊrə'krætɪk]

adj.官僚主义的

【真题例句】

Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems

without fear of prosecution for bribery. 2017 TEXT4

被选举的领导人必须被允许去帮助支持者处理官僚问题，并且避免行贿控诉的担忧。

120 burst [bɝ:rst]

v/n.爆炸、爆发

【真题例句】

The room burst into laughter;the man looked puzzled and hurt. 2010 TEXT2

房间里爆发出笑声，这个人看起来迷惑并受伤。

121 campaign [kæm'peɪn]

n.战役、运动、活动【真题例句】During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared byTwitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news. 2018 TEXT22016年总统竞选期间，在政治关键州密西根的推特用户分享的网络内容中，由近四分之一是虚假新闻。122 candidate ['kændɪdeɪt]

n.候选人【真题例句】Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan’s and Dr. de Waal’sstudy. 2005 TEXT1这些特性使得它们成为了布鲁斯南博士和德•瓦尔博士研究的完美候选对象。27

123 capable ['keɪpəbl]

adj.有能力的

【真题例句】

Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human,” with the underlying assumption that

other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. 2005

TEXT1

这种行为被看作是“人之常情”，因为我们有一个潜在的假设：其他动物没有能力发展出如此高度发达的不满情绪。

124 capture ['kæptʃɚr]

v.捕捉、吸引 n.俘虏、战利品【真题例句】While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paperbefore the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capturespoken English on the page. 2005 TEXT4在20世纪60年代以前，即使是受过一般教育的人在写东西的时候都会寻求一种高雅的语调，然而在那之后，即使是最受好评的文章也试图捕捉口语化的语言在纸张上。125 carve [kɑ:rv]

v.分割、雕刻【真题例句】Once in office, Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803; the newland was carved into 13 states, including three slave states. 2008 TEXT4刚一上任，杰弗逊就通过1803年路易斯安那采购来扩大奴隶制范围；该新大陆被分割为13个州，其中包括3个奴隶州。126 category ['kætəɡɔ:ri]

n.种类、范畴【真题例句】While still catching up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be wayahead in at least one undesirable category. 2008 TEXT1尽管女性仍在现代生活中的很多方面追赶着男性，但是她们似乎在一个不好的方面遥遥领先。127 cater ['keɪtɚr]

28

v.迎合、为……服务

【真题例句】

Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite these were stores “anyone

could enter, regardless of class or background.” 2006 TEXT1

与那些迎合知识精英的私密高端商店不同，这些商店是“任何人都可以进入，不考虑阶级或者背景”。

128 caution ['kɔ:ʃn]

v.警告 n.小心、谨慎、警告【真题例句】It requires caution to handle economic issues. 2017 TEXT3处理经济问题需要谨慎。129 cavity ['kævəti]

n.腔、(牙齿的)龋洞【真题例句】Today, because of shrewd advertising and public health campaigns, many Americanshabitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often withColgate, Crest or one of the other brands. 2010 TEXT3今天，由于精明的广告和公众的健康活动，许多美国人习惯性地每天给他们珍珠般洁白的牙齿进行两次防龋洞清洗，他们通常使用高露洁，佳洁士或者其他某种品牌的牙膏。130 celebrate ['selibreɪt]

v.庆祝【真题例句】In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admittingyou regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing? 2011TEXT4在一个不断颂扬生育的社会中，承认自己后悔生育孩子就相当于承认支持杀死小猫有什么奇怪的呢？131 challenge ['tʃælɪndʒ]

v/n.挑战、质疑

【真题例句】

While all of these countries face their own challenges,there are a number of consistent

themes. 2017 TEXT3

29

尽管所有这些国家都面对自己独有的挑战，但是有一些主题是一致的。

132 character ['kærəktɚr]

n.特征、性质、性格、字符【真题例句】The commission ignores that for several decades America’s colleges and universitieshave produced graduates who don’t know the content and character of liberal educationand are thus deprived of its benefits. 2014 TEXT4委员会忽略了数十年存在的问题，美国大学所培养出来的毕业生并没有真正了解通识教育的内容和特点，因此没有从中受益。133 charge [tʃɑ:rdʒ]

v.收费、指控 n.费用、控告【真题例句】If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who havethe option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leavingremaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. 2003 TEXT3他们认为，如果铁路对所有的顾客收取同样的平均费用，那么那些有选择的顾客就会转换到其他的运输方式，结果让剩下的客户承担所有维持运输线路的费用。134 charity ['tʃærəti]

n.慈善（机构）【真题例句】Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things foroneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. 2014TEXT1买礼物给他人或者捐助慈善机构通常比买东西给自己快乐得多，同时有节制地消费才能享受奢侈品带来的最大快乐。135 chronic ['krɑ:nɪk]

adj.长期的、慢性的

【真题例句】

I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a

chronic or repeated nature. 2008 TEXT1

我认为女性面临的各种事情具有长期性和反复性。

136 circuit ['sɝ:kɪt]

30

v.环行 n.环行、电路【真题例句】Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared thattransistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the humanbrain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decadesif not centuries.2002 TEXT2尽管在20世纪60年代和70年代有过一段最初的乐观——那时候晶体管电路和微处理器看似能够在2010年前模仿人类大脑的活动——但是最近研究人员已经开始将这个预测推迟数十年，甚至是几个世纪。137 civil ['sɪvl]

adj.公民的、文明的

【真题例句】

Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health,

education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded

assessment of how countries are performing. 2017 TEXT3

该研究并不是仅仅关注GDP，而是测量了来自健康、教育和公民社会参方面的40多组不同标准，以得到一个关于国家表现的更加全面的评估。

138 claim [kleɪm]

v/n.声称、要求、索赔

【真题例句】

Now the company is suddenly claiming that the 2002 agreement is invalid because of

the 2006 legislation, and that only the federal government has regulatory power over

nuclear issues. 2012 TEXT2

现在公司突然宣布2002年的协议因为2006年的法律无效，而且只有联邦政府才有关于核问题的调整权力。

139 clarity ['klærəti]

n.清晰【真题例句】Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea’s peak rises above the bulk of our planet’sdense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassedclarity.2017 TEXT2坐落于太平洋，莫纳亚克山的最高点在稠密的大气层之上，那里的条件使得望远31

镜能够获取无比清晰的图像。

140 client ['klaɪənt]

n.客户、顾客【真题例句】Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customerssuddenly stopped showing up. 2004 TEXT3她的大多数客户每周花12到50美元，但是上个月两个常客突然停止了消费。141 cloak [kləʊk]

v.遮盖、掩饰 n.斗篷【真题例句】Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said hewas leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” 2011 TEXT2他并没有用通常模糊的理由来掩饰他的离开，而是站出来坦诚地说他离开是“为了追求亲自经营一家公司的目标”。142 clue [klu:]

n.提示、线索【真题例句】At Columbia University, Faris and colleagues are studying tears for clues tothe diagnosis of diseases away from the eyes. 2014 TEXT3在哥伦比亚大学，利亚西•法里斯博士和同事们正在研究用眼泪做为线索来诊断眼疾。143 clumsy ['klʌmzi]

adj.笨拙的、不灵活的

【真题例句】

Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But

it is clumsy. 2018 TEXT3

竞争法似乎是解决这些权力失衡的唯一方法。但是它却不够灵活。

144 coalition [ˌkəʊə'lɪʃn]

n.联合、联盟【真题例句】The Labour party has recently announced that it will retain a large part of the coalition'sspending plans if it returns to power. 2014 TEXT432

工党最近宣布，如果恢复执政，他将保留联盟大部分的开支计划。

145 cognitive ['kɑ:ɡnətɪv]

adj.认知的

【真题例句】

This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically

determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive

exercise than an intuitive one. 2007 TEXT1

这项成功和后来的研究表明记忆本身并不是基因决定的。这使得艾利克森总结道，记忆的行为与其说是一种直觉活动不如说是一种认知活动。

146 coherent [koʊ'hɪrənt]

adj.连贯的、一致的、粘在一起的

【真题例句】

To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in

research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students’ ability to solve

problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for

teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great

challenges of the day. 2014 TEXT4

为了鼓励创新和竞争，该报告呼吁增加科研投资，精心设计条理清晰的课程，以提高学生在21世纪解决问题的能力和有效沟通的能力，呼吁增加对教师的投入，鼓励学者应用他们的研究来应对如今巨大的挑战。

147 coincidence [koʊ'ɪnsɪdəns]

n.巧合【真题例句】Can this merely be coincidence? 2004 TEXT2这仅仅是巧合吗？148 collaborative [kə'læbəreɪtɪv]

adj.合作的、协作的

【真题例句】

The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure,

meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of

thought. 2009 TEXT1

目前对标准化测试的注重突出了分析和程序这两种思维模式，也就意味着我们中很少有人本能地运用我们创新和合作的思维模式。

33

149 collapse [kə'læps]

v/n.倒塌、瓦解

【真题例句】

Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only

“sorting mechanism” in society should be profit and the market. 2015 TEXT4

她说到：道德已经倒塌，因为人们普遍认为社会中唯一的“分类机制”应该是利益和市场。

150 collect [kə'lekt]

v.收集、采集【真题例句】Databases used by some companies don’t rely on data collected systematically butrather lump together information from different research projects. 2009 TEXT2一些公司使用的数据库并不是依靠系统性采集，而是将不同的研究项目的信息胡乱地混在一起。151 combat ['kɑ:mbæt]

adj.战斗的、斗争的 v/n.战斗、斗争

【真题例句】

Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. 2008 TEXT1

男人去打仗，然后面对战斗压力。

152 command [kə'mænd]

v/n.命令、控制、掌握

【真题例句】

Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to

command the English language with skill and do they aspire to such command

themselves.

2005 TEXT4

美国人不再期望名人（不管是演讲还是写作中）能够有技巧，有天分地驾驭英语。他们自己也不再追求这种能力。

153 commemorate [kə'meməreɪt]

v.纪念【真题例句】The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day. 201234

新题型

浪漫主义纪念的是著名的画家和他们那个时代的作者。

154 commercial [kə'mɝ:rʃl]

adj.商业的、商务的

【真题例句】

The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with

it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology. 2006

TEXT4

反快乐的艺术几乎确切地跟随大众媒体的出现而上升，在这种商业文化中，快乐不仅是一种理想，还是一种意识形态。

155 commit [kə'mɪt]

v.进行、实施【真题例句】Patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide. 2002 TEXT4病人没有实施自杀的宪法权利。156 commodity [kə'mɑ:dəti]

n.商品【真题例句】The Economist’s commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. 2002TEXT3《经济学人》上的商品价格指数和一年以前几乎没有变化。157 community [kə'mju:nətɪ]

n.社群、（学术）界【真题例句】The health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-knownpersonalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about thevalue of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. 2003 TEXT2医学研究界不光要积极的争取斯蒂芬•库珀这样的名人（他大胆地陈述了动物研究的价值）进入这项事业，同时还要争取所有接受医药治疗的人。158 compact ['kɑ:mpækt]

n.合同、契约【真题例句】35

“The basic compact underlying representative government,” wrote Chief Justice John

Roberts for the court, “assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and

act on their concerns.” 2017 TEXT4

最高法院首席大法官约翰•罗伯茨在写给最高法院的信中写道：“代议制政府的基本契约假定政府官员将听取其选民的意见，并根据他们的关切采取行动”。

159 compare [kəm'per]

v.比较、相比【真题例句】Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders inresponse to stress compared to men. 2008 TEXT1同男性相比，女性尤其容易受到由压力导致的抑郁症和焦虑症的影响。160 compelling [kəm'pelɪŋ]

adj.强制的、令人信服的

【真题例句】

The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn’t explain how ideas actually spread.

2010 TEXT3

这个观点直觉上是令人信服的，但是它无法解释观点实际上是如何传播的。

161 compensate ['kɑ:mpenseɪt]

v.补偿、赔偿、弥补、抵消【真题例句】The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat. 2016TEXT2这笔资金还将会用于补偿那些将栖息地留出来的房主们。162 competent ['kɑ:mpɪtənt]

adj.有能力的、能胜任的

【真题例句】

Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic

values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age

and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries. 2010 TEXT4

许多美国人认为陪审团系统是重要民主价值的具体表现，包括以下原则：所有符合最低年龄和文化程度要求的市民都同样有能力参加陪审团。

163 competitive [kəm'petətɪv]

36

adj.竞争的

【真题例句】

Johnson & Johnson,for example,has created BabyCenter,a stand-alone media property

that promotes complementary and even competitive products. 2011TEXT3

比如，强生公司创造了“婴儿中心”，这是一个独立的媒体资产。它推广互补的、甚至是竞争的产品。

164 compile [kəm'paɪl]

v.汇编；收集【真题例句】In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi.2003 TEXT1在1995年，中央情报局举办了一场竞赛，看哪家公司可以汇编出关于布隆迪最多的数据。165 complex ['kɑ:mpleks]

adj.复杂的

【真题例句】

This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient,

condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic

performance. 2009 TEXT3

逐渐提高的教育水平可能是复杂政治系统的必要不充分条件。这种政治系统是先进的经济表现所需要的。

166 complicated ['kɑ:mplɪkeɪtɪd]

adj.复杂的

【真题例句】

But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and

complicated route. 2012 TEXT3

但是在每天的科学实践中，发现的路径往往是模糊和复杂的。

167 comply [kəm'plaɪ]

v.遵守、遵从【真题例句】After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests,though it is still working out how. 2013 TEXT2毕竟，它也有广告业务，并声称该业务会遵守DNT的要求，尽管它目前仍在寻求37

如何遵守。

168 component [kəm'poʊnənt]

n.组成部分【真题例句】Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within ourcontrol. 2005 TEXT3一晚优质睡眠的所有组成部分中，梦似乎是是我们最难以控制的。169 composition [ˌkɑ:mpə'zɪʃn]

n.（文学、音乐、美术等）作品

【真题例句】

To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions. 2011

TEXT1

诚然，他表演了大量有趣的作品。

170 compound ['kɑːmpaʊnd]

v.加剧、混合 n.化合物【真题例句】The shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids,which remove some workersand drive others underground. 2019TEXT3劳动力短缺被联邦政府对移民的突然袭击给加剧了，这使得一些工人被驱逐出境，另一些工人被迫转入地下。171comprehensive [ˌkɑːmprɪˈhensɪv]

adj.综合的、全面的

【真题例句】

A smartphone may contain an arrestee’s reading history, financial history, medical

history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. 2015 TEXT2

智能手机可能含有被捕者的阅读历史纪录、经济记录、就医记录还有最近通话的全面记录。

172 compromise ['kɑ:mprəmaɪz]

v/n.妥协、破坏

【真题例句】

The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to

the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. 2010 TEXT4

38

细节可能不得而知，但是标准设定者的独立性这一资本市场合理运转的关键，正在被破坏。

173 conceive [kən'si:v]

v.怀孕、构想、认为【真题例句】Soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annualpeak of soccer mania. 2007 TEXT1狂热于足球的父母更有可能在春季怀孕，因为这正是每年足球狂热的高峰时期。174 concentrate ['kɑ:nsn'treɪt]

v.集中、浓缩、专心【真题例句】Ms Denham chose to concentrate the blame on the NHS trust. 2018 TEXT3德纳姆女士的指责主要集中于NHS信托上。175 concept ['kɑ:nsept]

n.概念、观念【真题例句】The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. 2016 TEXT2可持续发展的观念已经被定义为有利可图。176 concession [kən'seʃn]

n.妥协、让步【真题例句】But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.2010 TEXT4但现在对于批评者的屈服只会招致压力迫使他们做出更多的让步。177 conclude [kən'klu:d]

v.结束、推断、做出结论【真题例句】In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case basedon its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company's record in CSR. 2016TEXT3总之，研究得出结论：尽管检举人应该只基于是非曲直来评估案件，但他们似乎确实被公司CSR的记录所影响了。39

178 concrete ['kɑ:ŋkri:t]

n.混凝土adj.具体的、明确的【真题例句】But under anti-bribery laws,proof must be made of concrete benefits,such as approvalof a contract or regulation. 2017 TEXT4但是在反贿赂法律的规定下，证据必须由具体利益构成，比如准许一个合同或一个法规。179 condemn [kən'dem]

v.谴责、责备【真题例句】Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemnedor made illegal. 2004 TEXT2在过去一个世纪，所有种类的不公平和歧视都已被谴责或列为非法。180 conduct [kən'dʌkt]

v.实施、管理、指挥、引导n.行为【真题例句】Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he wouldhave more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology.2007 TEXT1艾利克森在瑞典长大，此前一直研究核工程，直到他意识到如果他转向研究心理学的话，会有更多的机会去实施自己的研究。181 confer [kən'fɝ:r]

v.赋予、协商【真题例句】Certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills. 2007 TEXT1特定的星座赋予了高超的足球技巧。182 confident ['kɑ:nfɪdənt]

adj.自信的、有信心的

【真题例句】

And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of

equipment, Gordon says that by and large, “you could use today's data and feel fairly

confident.”

40

2008 TEXT3

如果你需要预测不久的将来人类的身高来设计一个设备的话，戈登说：大体而言，“你可以使用如今的数据，并且非常自信。”

183 confine [kən'faɪn]

v.限制、约束 n.限制、界限【真题例句】It pushed art beyond the traditional confines of the studio and gallery. 2014新题型它使得艺术超出了工作室和画廊的传统限制。184 confirm [kən'fɝ:rm]

v.确认、确定【真题例句】It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his paternal(fatherly) wisdom—or at least confirm that he’s the kid’s dad. 2009 TEXT2只有聪明的父亲才知道谁是自己的孩子，但是如今一个人能够提高这种父亲智慧—或者至少可以确认他是孩子的亲爹。185 conflict ['kɑ:nflɪkt]

v.与……相冲突 n.冲突、矛盾

【真题例句】

The conflict has been surfacing since 2002, when the corporation bought Vermont’s

only nuclear power plant, an aging reactor in Vernon. 2012 TEXT2

冲突在2002年就浮出水面了，当时该公司购买了佛蒙特州唯一的核电站，那是一个位于佛侬镇的老化的反应堆。

186confront [kən'frʌnt]

v.遭遇、面对【真题例句】In its early days the U.S. was confronted with delicate situations. 2008 TEXT4在早期，美国曾面对微妙的处境。187 confuse [kən'fju:z]

v.迷惑、使困惑【真题例句】Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments areconfusing the public and thereby threatening advances in health knowledge and care.2003 TEXT241

科学家需要对动物权利鼓吹者做有力的回应，他们的言论使大众迷惑，因此威胁到健康知识和护理的进步。

188 conjunction [kən'dʒʌŋkʃn]

n.结合、同时发生【真题例句】Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction withincreasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students tocompletely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. 2017 TEXT3如今，高中毕业后立即去上大学这个广泛的社会压力连同在这个快速运转的世界中对学生们日益增长的高度期待，往往导致学生完全忽略了选择间隔年的可能性。

189 conquer ['kɑ:ŋkɚr]

v.征服、克服【真题例句】Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. 2012新题型彼得拉克庆祝了他们征服命运并登上顶峰的伟大。190 conscience [ˈkɑːnʃəns]

n.良心、良知【真题例句】Verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of thelaw.2010 TEXT4判决应该代表社会良知而不仅仅是法律的条文。191 conscious ['kɑ:nʃəs]

adj.有意识的

【真题例句】

Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always think about the

emotional significance of the day’s events. 2005 TEXT3

因为我们有意识的大脑被日常生活所占据，所以我们不常考虑白天事情的情绪重要性。

192 consent [kən'sent]

v/n.赞同、同意

42

【真题例句】

The author’s attitude toward Richard Lamm’s remark is reserved consent. 2003

TEXT4

作者对理查德•拉姆的观点是有保留的赞同。

193 consequence ['kɑ:nsɪkwens]

n.后果【真题例句】Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severethan in the 1970s. 2002 TEXT3但是，有充分的理由去预期现在的经济后果不会像20世纪70年代那么严重。194 conservative [kən'sɝ:rvətɪv]

adj.保守的 n.保守派、保守党

【真题例句】

Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern

the profession have been too conservative to implement them. 2014 TEXT2

长久以来都有一些合理的想法，但是管理该职业的州级机构太过保守以至于没法实施这些想法。

195 consistent [kən'sɪstənt]

adj.一致的、相符的

【真题例句】

While all of these countries face their own challenges,there are a number of consistent

themes.

2017 TEXT3

尽管所有这些国家都面对自己独有的挑战，但是有一些主题是一致的。

196 consolidation [kən,sɑ:lɪ'deɪʃn]

n.合并【真题例句】The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served byonly one rail company. 2003 TEXT3铁路行业内部大量的合并意味着大部分货运商只能由一家铁路公司提供服务。197 constant ['kɑ:nstənt]

adj.不变的、经常的n.常数、不变的事物

43

【真题例句】

Vanity is a constant;people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can't

afford not to. 2013 TEXT1

虚荣是不变的事物；人们只有在无法支付得起的时候才会开始可持续地购物。

198 constitute ['kɑ:nstɪtu:t]

v.组成、构成【真题例句】“Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients areneedlessly and predictably suffering,” to the extent that it constitutes “systematic patientabuse.”2002 TEXT4很多医生似乎并不关心病人所遭受的那些可以预见且没有必要的痛苦，从该意义上讲，这就构成了对于病人的 “系统性虐待”。199 constrain [kən'streɪn]

v.限制、约束【真题例句】A lack of formal education, however, doesn’t constrain the ability of the developingworld's workforce to substantially improve productivity for the foreseeable future.2009 TEXT3然而，正式教育的缺失并不能限制发展中世界的劳动力在可预见的未来持续提高生产力的能力。200 construction [kən'strʌkʃn]

n.建立、建造、建筑（物）【真题例句】Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giantobservatory that promises to revolutionize humanity’s view of the cosmos. 2017TEXT2关于TMT的建造爆发了抗议。TMT是一个注定能彻底改变人类对宇宙看法的巨大天文台。201 consume [kənˈsu:m]

v.消费、消耗【真题例句】It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their44

investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect. 2016 TEXT3

它认为因为检察官不会消费公司产品作为他们调查的一部分，他们可能只会受到光环效应的影响。

202 contempt [kən'tempt]

n.轻蔑、蔑视【真题例句】I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who arenot read to writers who are.’ 2010 TEXT1我倾向于将“新闻”定义为“一个不受欢迎的作家对于受欢迎的作家所使用的蔑视术语”。203 content ['kɑ:ntent]

adj.满意的 n.满意、内容

【真题例句】

The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a

mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.

2015 TEXT2

最高法院现在将会考虑，如果一个人在被捕期间，警察是否可以在没有搜查令的情况下查看他身上或身旁的手机内容。

204 contest [ka:n'test]

v/n.竞争、争论

【真题例句】

In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi.

2003 TEXT1

在1995年，中央情报局举办了一场竞赛，看哪家公司可以汇编出关于布隆迪最多的数据。

205 contract ['kɑ:ntrækt]

n.合约、合同【真题例句】But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approvalof a contract or regulation. 2017 TEXT4但是在反贿赂法律的规定下，证据必须由具体利益构成，比如准许一个合同或一个法规。45

206 contradictory [ˌkɑ:ntrə'dɪktəri]

adj.矛盾的

【真题例句】

But the policy is unclear and contradictory. 2012 TEXT1

但是政策是不明朗且矛盾的。

207 contrary ['kɑ:ntreri]

adj/adv.相反的/地 n.相反

【真题例句】

A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys，people are actually more stressed at

home than at work. 2015 TEXT1

一项新的研究表明，与大部分研究相反，人们事实上在家里要比工作岗位上压力更大。

208 contrast ['kɑ:ntræst]

v/n.对比、对照

【真题例句】

In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules

and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. 2016

TEXT1

与法国的行为不同，丹麦时尚业于上月就模特年龄、健康及其他特质的规定与制裁达成了一致。

209 contribute [kən'trɪbju:t]

v.贡献、导致【真题例句】It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or educationoutcomes — all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being. 2017TEXT3它不包括诸如环境质量和教育成果这样的重要方面—而这些方面都会有助于一个人的幸福感。210 controversial [ˌkɑ:ntrə'vɝ:rʃl]

adj.有争议的

【真题例句】

Now the nation’s top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on

business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first

46

authorized 10 years ago.

2010 TEXT2

现在，国家最高专利法庭看似完全准备好去减少商业方法专利的数量，这些专利自从十年前第一次获得授权开始，就一直存在争议。

211 conventional [kən'venʃənl]

adj.传统的、常规的

【真题例句】

The way consumers now approach the process of making purchase decisions means that

marketing’s impact stems from a broad range of factors beyond conventional paid

media.

2011 TEXT3

如今消费者做出购买决定的方式意味着市场营销的影响源自很多方面，不仅仅是传统的付费媒介。

212 converge [kən'vɝ:rdʒ]

v.集中、达成一致【真题例句】Young and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majorities of both groupssaid they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was forearlier generations. 2016 TEXT4年轻人和老年人在一个关键问题上达成一致：两个群体中的绝大部分人都说他们认为对于如今的年轻人来说，开始生计比上几辈人要难得多。213 convert [kən'vɝ:rt]

v.转变、转化【真题例句】A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-beingsheds some light on that question. 2017 TEXT3最近一项关于各国及他们将增长转化为福祉能力的年度研究为该问题提供了一些解释。214 convey [kən'veɪ]

v.运输、表达【真题例句】As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, includingnon-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive-there exists no47

language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. 2005 TEXT4

作为语言学家，他承认所有种类的人类语言（包括黑人英语这种非标准语言）都是极具表达力的—世界上没有任何一种语言或者是方言不能表达复杂的想法。

215 conviction [kən'vɪkʃn]

n.判决、定罪【真题例句】In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruptionconviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. 2017 TEXT4在一项罕见的、一致通过的裁决中，美国最高法院推翻了对前弗吉尼亚州州长罗伯特•麦克唐纳尔受贿的判决。216 convincing [kən'vɪnsɪŋ]

adj.有说服力的、令人信服的

【真题例句】

Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear

to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential

modification or refutation by future researchers. 2012 TEXT3

毫不意外的是，那些看似重要且令人信服的新近发表的发现声明和可靠发现将会一直面临着来自未来研究人员的挑战，潜在的调整或反驳。

217 cooperate [koʊˈɑːpəreɪt]

v.配合、合作【真题例句】That’s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigrationenforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperatewith federal colleagues. 2013 TEXT4那是因为国会总是构想联邦政府和州政府能联合进行移民执法，并且明确鼓励州警察与联邦同事分享信息并合作。218 coordination [koʊ,ɔ:rdɪ'neɪʃn]

n.协调、协作【真题例句】Justices wanted to strengthen its coordination with Congress. 2013 TEXT4大法官们希望加强与国会的协作。219 core [kɔ:r]

48

n.核心、要点【真题例句】In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and$11 billion. 2008 TEXT2在美国，核心的科学出版物发行市场估计在70亿到110亿美元之间。220 corporate [ˈkɔːrpərət]

adj.公司的、企业的

【真题例句】

Meanwhile,the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in

America,disclosed on June 17th,overshadowed a hugely important decision a day

earlier by America's Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on

notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security. 2007

TEXT4

同时，6月17日曝光的美国四千万信用卡账户的信息泄露使得美国联邦交易委员会一天前做出的重要决定黯然失色。该决定警告美国公司，如果公司不能提供充分的数据安全，管理者就会采取措施。

221 correct [kə'rekt]

adj.正确的

【真题例句】

Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future

management efforts must take into account. 2006 TEXT3

迈尔斯博士和沃尔姆博士认为他们的研究给出了正确的基准线，且未来管理努力必须考虑该基准线。

222 correlate ['kɔːrəleɪt]

v.使相互关联、和……相关

【真题例句】

Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under

low-stress conditions,but under high-stress conditions,IQ was negatively correlated with

leadership—that is, it predicted the opposite. 2007 TEXT2

研究发现，当在低压环境下的时候，智商测试结果可以预测领导能力，但是在高压环境中，智商测试结果与领导力呈负相关—也就是说，它的预测结果是相反的。

223 correspond [ˌkɔ:rə'spɑ:nd]

v.符合、与……一致、与……通信

49