雅思作文同义词替换及例句总结

作文同义词替换及例句总结

Globalization

1、infrastructural adj. 基础设施的

例句：As a commonly-accepted measure, aid contributes to the infrastructural construction of poor

countries.

作为一种普遍认可的措施，国际援助有助于促进穷国的基础设施建设。

近义词：Public facility

例句：As harmonious society cannot exist without harmonious social units, the harmony of the

library-a social public facility as well as its contribution to society culturally plays a very significant

role in the construction of harmonious society.

和谐社会离不开和谐的社会单元，图书馆这一社会公共机构，其和谐及社会贡献对构建和谐社会有着重要影响。

2、starvation n. 饥饿

例句：Many people suffer from starvation, poverty or contagious diseases.

很多人遭受着饥饿和贫困。

近义词：nestia／famine／hunger

例句：We made a contribution to the famine relief fund.

我们给饥馑赈济基金捐了款。

3、appropriate adj. 适当的、恰当的

例句：An appropriate example is that…

一个恰当的例子是…

近义词：proper/modest/advisable/opportune ；

例句：Indeed there is a modest near-term stimulus, overall.

总的来说，这实际上是一个适度的短期激励。

4、contagious diseases 传染病

例句：Many people suffer from starvation, poverty or contagious diseases.

很多人遭受着饥饿和贫困。

近义词： Communicable disease/infection

例句：We take environmental health measures to keep off communicable disease.

我们采取措施保护环境卫生以防止发生传染性疾病。

5、international community 国际社会

例句：Countries that provide financial aid generously are regarded as responsible members of the

international community and are respected by other countries.

一个慷慨提供援助的国家会被视为国际社会中一个负责任的国家，并得到其他国家的尊重。

近义词：community of nations/global society/world community

例句：We will have a normal relationship with a sovereign nation that is a member of the community

of nations.

我们与一个国际社会主权国家的双边关系，将会步入正轨

6、be concerned with 与…相关

例句：The most critical problem is concerned with fairness.

最关键的问题在于公平。

近义词：involve/be interrelated/be related to/be bound up with/correlation

例句：At this late hour, the football already spread out turn into a sports industry with global

economy be closely bound up.

时至今日,足球已衍变为一项与全球经济息息相关的体育产业。

7、deprived adj. 贫穷的

例子：International financial aid also helps to save lives in deprived countries.

国际援助有助于挽救贫困国家的生命

近义词：Needy/impecunious/impoverished

例句：Helping impoverished minority areas get rid of poverty.

扶持少数民族贫困地区摆脱贫困。

8、assist v.帮助，援助，协助

例句：The police officers arrived to assist in the search for the missing people.

警察到达并协助搜索失踪的人。

近义词：support／aid／backing

例句：He said the president had the full backing of his government to negotiate

他说政府将全力支持总统通过谈判达成协议。

9、corruption n. 腐败

例句：Loans and other support have been used to purchase weapons or has driven up the incidence

of corruption in some countries.

贷款和其他支持在内的援助在一些国家被用于购买武器或者导致腐败的发案率上升。

近义词：

10、cut down on 削减

例句：That should cut down on road works, and therefore on jams.

应该减少道路施工，这样就可以减少拥堵。

近义词：reduce/slash/whittle down/minify ；

例句：The governments are trying to whittle down our salaries.

政府正著手削减我们的薪水。

11、man n. 人类

例句：Nowadays, man is rapidly destroying the Earth.

现如今，人类正在逐步摧毁地球。

近义词：mankind／humanity／the human race

例句：Technology cannot change the condition of humanity.

科技无所不能改变人道主义状况。

12、undergo vt. 经历

例句：Cinemas in Britain are undergoing a revival.

英国的电影院正在经历着一场变革。

近义词：experience／come through／live

例句：The city had faced racial crisis and come

该市曾面临种族危机，不过已经安然渡过。

13、boundary n. 界限

例句：The boundaries between countries, their traditions and customs are erased.

国与国之间的边界，它们的传统与习俗都会被消除。

近义词：border／frontier／borderline／confine

例句：It wasn't difficult then to cross the frontier.

那时穿越边境并不困难。

14、erase vt.消除

例句：The boundaries between countries, their traditions and customs are erased.

国与国之间的边界，它们的传统与习俗都会被消除。

近义词：eliminate／dispel／remove／clear up／avoid ；

例句：The police moved quickly to dispel the rumors.

警察迅速采取行动来消除谣言。

15、fuse vt. 融合

例句：In this city, East and West fuse together in a way that is fascinating to observe.

东西方文化在这个城市交汇融合，令人称奇。

近义词： combine／reconcile／amalgamation

例句：If improved education is combined with other factors dramatic results can

如果把改良的教育体系和其他的因素结合起来，会取得非常惊人的效果。

16、vanish vi. 消失

例句：Traditions fuse and evolve into other ones or just vanish.

各种传统相互融合，并发展成为其他传统，或只是消失。

近义词：Disappear/dissolve/fade away/die away

例句：This means Chinese economy still faces the danger of nose-diving when the stimulus effects

fade away.

这意味着，当经济刺激效应逐渐消失之后，中国的经济仍然面临着暴跌的危险。

17、remove vt. 消除

例句：Often, the simplest answer is just to remove yourself from

通常情况下，最简单的办法就是让你自己脱离那个环境。

近义词：break down

例句：These rules tell us how a sentence is broken down into phrases.

这些规则告诉我们一个句子是怎样分解成若干短语的。

18、draw on 借鉴

例句：draw on other countries' experience.

近义词：borrow

例句： Why borrow also Europe’s mistakes?

为什么连欧洲得错误也借鉴？

19、isolate vt. 孤立

例句：This policy could isolate the country from the other permanent members of the United Nations

这一政策可能会使该国孤立于联合国安全理事会其他常任理事国之外。

近义词：seclude vt.使隔开，使隔绝，使隐退

例句：The village is almost secluding from the world for the bad communications.

那个村子交通不方便，几乎与世隔绝。

20、intensify vt.& vi.（使）增强，（使）加剧；增加（照片图象）的对比度；变强或增强

例句：intensify regional cooperation 加强区域合作

近义词：strengthen；enhance；reinforce；

例句：Both sides have been reinforcing their positions after yesterday's

双方经过昨天的激战后都在向各自的阵地增派兵力。

21、hamper communication 阻碍交流

例句：Hamper communication between buyers and sellers making it less convenient for them to

conduct business.

阻碍买家与卖家之间的交流使得交易变得不够方便。

近义词：prevent／stop

例句：This gap can also lead to a language barrier that can prevent you from communicating

effectively with your child.

因为代沟会导致语言障碍的出现，这种障碍会阻碍到你跟孩子的有效交流。

22、facilitate vt. 促进

例句：He argued that the economic recovery had been facilitated by his tough stance.

他认为他的强硬立场推动了经济的复苏。

近义词：advance；furtherance；promote；boost；

例句：This aspect is to reserve phonetic characteristics, on the other hand to promote cultural

interaction and understand the culture of the original language. 这一方面是为了保留语音特点，另一方面促进文化交流和了解原语文化。

23、conductive to adj. 有助于促进…的

例句：The political and cultural environment was uniquely conducive to this.

当地的政治和文化环境尤其有利于这样做。

近义词：favor；be propitious to；in favor of；make for；vail ；

例句：This trend of application would be propitious to the geological heritage resources for

developing, planning, protecting, publicizing and researching.

这种应用趋势将有利于地质遗迹资源的开发、规划、保护和研究。

24、driving force 推动力

例句：Safety is often a driving force behind the innovations.

安全性常常是车辆技术革新的动力。

近义词： motive force／pause

例句：Will the motive force decline or grow in the future?

未来“推动力”是消还是长？

25、revolutionize vt.彻底变革

例句：The law enforcement national data exchange may revolutionize information sharing if it proves

to be secure, accurate and sound.

如果被证明是安全，准确和健全，执法全国数据交换，可以革命化信息共享。

近义词：transform；reform；alter；change ；

例句：The party embarked on a programmed of

这个党开始进行经济改革。

26、yearn for 非常渴望得到

例句：With gas prices high, many suburbanites yearn for a shorter commute.

油价上涨，许多市郊居民开始渴望短途通勤。

近义词：crave／have a yearning for

例句：I have been working nonstop; I'm yearning for a long vacation! 我一直在不挺的工作，我真渴望有一个长假啊！

27、the haves and the have－nots 有钱人与穷人

例句：The development of technology is expanding the gap between the havens and the have-nots.

科技的发展正在扩大穷人与富人之间的差距。

近义词：the rich and the needy

例句：The gap between rich and needy is growing.贫富差距正在拉大。

28、mired in 深陷于…当中

例句：The pace talks are mired in quarrels.

和平谈判陷入争论局面。

近义词：sink into；fall into；be lost in；be immersed in；get in ；

例句：It is easy, stuck in the office, to be immersed in the daily headlines and to miss the bigger

picture.

窝在办公室里，人们很容易沉湎于报纸的头条从而错失了大的视野。

29、lingua franca 通用语言

例句：Several languages have acted as lingua franca in different areas of the world.

近义词：a shared language of communication

例句：A shared language of communication used by people whose main languages are different.

母语不同的人共用的通用语交际语.

30、mutually incomprehensible 相互无法理解的

例句：Trade is becoming increasingly international, involving multiple partners who have mutually

incomprehensible mother tongues.

贸易日益国际化，但许多合作伙伴母语互不相同。

近义词：intricate／unreadable

例句：I always cover my license with sticky-backed plastic, but even then it can turn mouldy and

unreadable.

我总是在执照上贴一层塑膜，但即便如此它还是会发霉并致使没法辨认。

犯罪类

l punishment 死刑

例句: Capital punishment should not be a major deterrent. 死刑不应该是主要的威慑力。

同义词:death penalty

例句：The death penalty cannot be abolished, and some criminals must be sentenced to death

死刑不能废除,有些罪犯就是要判死刑

2. Criminal n. 罪犯

例句：Emphasis should be put on the reform of criminals.

重点应放在对罪犯的改造上。

同近义词：offender/convict/lawbreaker

例句：The main problem is not the first offender or the petty thief but the repeated offender who

commits increasingly serious crimes.

主要的问题不是来自于初犯者或小偷小摸,而是来自于犯罪行为越来越严重的那些惯犯。

3. humane adj. 人道的，仁慈的，

例句：Capital punishment is more humane because the criminal does not suffer the torture of life

imprisonment.

死刑更人道，因为罪犯不用受终身监禁的折磨。

同近义词：sympathetic

例句：The social workers are sympathetic to the people's problems.

社会工作者同情人民的问题。

4. murderer n. 杀人犯

例句：Murderers whose motive is money should not get off lightly.

为了钱而杀人的凶手不应该轻轻惩罚就算了。

同近义词：killer

例句：It is absolutely wrong to think professional killers are insane and need hospital treatment.

认为职业杀手都有精神病，需要到医院治疗这样的想法是完全错误的。

ed offender 惯犯

同近义词：hardened criminal

例句：For repeated offenders/hardened criminals ,harsh punishment is reasonable ,because it can

protect social order.

对于惯犯或者犯了严重罪行的人，严厉一点的刑罚是合理的，因为这样可以保护社会秩序。

初犯：first offender 重犯：felon

a sentence 服刑

例句：As for the function of help and education,it would be done after the Court sentences a young

offender to a set term of imprisonment or on probation,or to serve sentence outside the prison

under surveillance.

而在青少年犯被判监禁、缓刑或狱外监视期间,工作的侧重点则转向帮助和教育方面。

同义表达：receive/get a punishment

例句：people who break laws will get a punishment.

le crime 青少年犯罪

例句：There has been a big increase in juvenile crime in the last few years.

最近几年青少年犯罪大幅度增长。

同义词：juvenile delinquency

例句：Some people say that violent movies are potential triggers for juvenile delinquency.

一些人说暴力影片可能引起青少年犯罪。

8. the fight against crime 打击犯罪

例句：In the fight against crime, we will not just target serious crime,but all crimes.

同义表达：fight crime/ tackle crime/combat crime

例句：That is why we are determined to tackle crime.

这就是为什么我们决心打击犯罪。

crimes 犯罪

例句：The criminals sometimes just capitalize on your mistakes to commit crimes.

有些罪犯有时就是利用你的错误去犯罪。

同义表达：commit offences / to do something that is against the law

例句：People who do something that is against the law should be punished.

threats to 对。。。产生威胁

例句：It is difficult to convince people that a serial killer poses no threat to the public.

同近义词：threaten/ at risk

例句：Understanding the factors that may put a teenager at risk will help parents determine whether

their teen is in need of extra support.

了解可能让青少年身陷危险的原因，将可以帮助父母决定他们的青少年小孩是否需要额外的协助。

sentences 判刑

例句：Imposing sentences is considered as a method to punish those who commit a serious offence

and sometimes as a correctional method.

判刑在很多社会被认为是惩罚犯下严重罪行的人的一种方法，有时候也被看做是一种改造方法。

同近义表达：have a conviction of ...

例句：He had a conviction of robbery dating back to 1986.

rate 犯罪率

例句：However, we sometimes aware that the crime rate is high.

然而，我们有时候会留意到犯罪率居高不下。

同近义表达：crime figures 犯罪数字

例句：The latest crime figures show a sharp rise in burglaries over the past year

最近的犯罪数字表明,去年的撬窃案急剧增加。

n. 监狱

例句：Do you think it is better to send criminals to jail or let them receive education or job training?

你认为最好把罪犯送进监狱还是让他们接受教育和工作培训？

同义词表达：prison n.监狱 imprison v. 监禁 imprisonment n. lock up behind bars

例句：For an offence of this gravity, imprisonment is the usual punishment.

对这种重大罪行通常处以监禁。

tion n. 预防措施

例句：In my opinion, it is merely one of the many precautions and cannot prevent all criminal

offences on the road.

在我来看，这只是预防措施之一并且不能阻止所有的公路犯罪。

同近义词表达：countermeasure preventive measure/action

例句：All this wake the local government to the need for preventive measure/action.

所有这些使当地政府认识到必须采取安全预防措施。

able adj. 容易受伤的

例句：The government is in a strong position to protect vehicle and vulnerable road users.

政府坚决要保护汽车和道路使用者。

同近义词表达：defenseless adj. susceptible adj.

例句： He's so susceptible that she easily gained his affection.

他易受感情影响, 所以她很轻易地就得到了他的爱.

ance n. 遵守

例句：However, as suggested before, strict standards require full compliance.

但是如之前建议，应该充分遵守严格标准。

同近义词表达：conforming n. Conform v. Obey v. Abide by v.

例句：people should conform to the rules of the public places. 人们应该遵守公共场所的规则。

17. loophole n. (政策和法律中的)漏洞

例句：It alerts people to the loopholes in policies, such as the loose control over car use, low

requirements on driving training and low licence standards.

这提醒人们政策中的漏洞，比如对汽车管理的松弛，对汽车驾驶的培训低要求和驾照的低标准。

同近义词表达：mistake escape dodge n.

例句：The government is cracking down on legal dodges companies use to minimize their tax bills.

政府正在对那些利用法律漏洞去将他们税务降到最低的公司采取严厉措施。

18. The death penalty 死刑

例句：They can easily get away with the death penalty by inventing a legitimate excuse, such as

self-defense.

他们可以以自卫这样的合法借口轻易逃脱死刑惩罚。

同近义词表达：execution capital punishment

例句：Capitalpunishmentis claimed to deter wrongdoing even better than lifelong confinement.

死刑之所以需要是因为它在制止犯罪方面甚至比终身监禁更有效。

table adj. 不必要的，可以避免的

例句：The chance of a shoot-out would naturally rise,causing many preventable injuries or losses of

life.

枪战的几率自然会上升，导致不必要的伤害和生命的损失。

同近义词表达：unnecessary avoidable adj.

例句：people should not mention an unnecessary reference to his criminal past 何必提到他的前科.

litate v. 改造，重新塑造性格和行为

例句：Education is of critical importance to rehabilitating an offender.

教育对改造一个罪犯来说是非常重要的。

同近义词表达：restore reshape remould v.

例句：It is imperative that every one of us remould his world outlook.

我们每个人都必须改造自己的世界观。

gration n 重新融入（社会）

例句：It first changes delinquents’ attitudes toward society and family, a prerequisite to their

reintegration into the community.

开始会改变犯罪者对待社会和家人的态度，这是他们融入社会的前提条件。

同义词：blending

例句：Several organizations help the CSD provide services to help inmates with their blending into

the community.

多个机构协助惩教署提供服务,帮助释囚重新融入社会。

ating adj. 破坏性的

例句：To a larger or lesser extent, the increased presence of anti-crime devices fuels the fear of

crime and has a devastating effect on people’s quality of life.

反犯罪设备的增加多少使对犯罪的恐惧有所提高，并且对人们生活质量有破坏性的影响。

同义词：destructive harmful damaging dreadful

例句：Creative advertising need not be bad or destructive, but rather it can be contemporary.

创造性的广告并非定是不好或具有破坏性的,相反,它符合时代进步的要求。

23. halt v.阻止，停止

例句：The crime prevention framework should focus on making the environment safe from crime,

reducing the potential for crime in high-risk situations and halting the possibility of future crime.

预防犯罪框架应该着眼于使环境安全的犯罪，在高风险的情况下减少潜在犯罪和扼制未来犯罪的可能性。

同义词：prevent stop freeze

例句：The government tried to prevent the diminution of resources. 政府试图阻止资源的减少。

ed adj 上升的，增加的

例句：In my opinion, it is a reflection of the fear of crime, but not of actual levels of crime.

在我看来，它是反映了对犯罪的恐惧，但不是犯罪的实际水平。

同义词：increased escalating

例句：The cost of living is escalating in the country. 这个国家的生活费用在上涨。

adj 强硬的，严厉的

例句：Another method relies on the combination of imposing tougher laws and training a more

effective police force.

另一种方法依赖于实行更严厉的法律和培养更有效的警察部队的相结合。

同义词：strict rigid stringent

例句：The speed limit must be rigidly enforced. 必须严格执行车速限制。

v. 促进，激励

例句：The rise in the crime rate in the past decades has fuelled public worries about the rapidly

declining safety of their communities.

在过去几十年里犯罪率是上升使得公众对他们社区安全性的下降的担忧提升。

同义词：increase invigorate stimulate

例句：Falling prices will stimulate demand for new phone services.价格的降低会刺激新手机的需求。

ent n.震慑物, 警示物

例句：Firearms also serve as a deterrent to would-be offenders.

火器也能去震慑罪犯。

同义词：warning n. discourage v.

例句：They discouraged me from applying again. 他们阻止我再次申请。

nt adj 警惕的

例句：For individual citizens, many crimes can be nipped in bud, if they keep vigilant at crimes and

are brave enough to fight back.

对于公民个人，如果他们继续对犯罪保持警惕，并勇敢地反击,许多罪行可以被消灭在萌芽状态。

同义词：watchful wary alert cautious attentive adj.

例句：They were very cautious about letting their children go out on their own.

他们对于让自己小孩独自出去非常警惕。

v.和...作斗争

例句：However, many people maintain that in combating crime,people should adopt a proactive

approach.

然而，许多人认为，在打击犯罪，人们应该采取积极的态度。

同义词：fight struggle with

例句：The government is doing very little to fight crime. 责任内阁府在打击罪犯方面做得很少。

with 同意，支持某人

例句：I side with both of them .

两个观点我都同意。

同义表达: agree with support be in sb’s camp

例句：The majority of members strongly support the union on this issue.

大部分成员在这个话题上强烈支持工会。

Media

1 be awash with 充斥着…….

例句：The internet is awash with all kinds of spam and web popup.

近义词：be inundated with / be saturated with

Nowadays, TV commercials are inundated with violence and pornography.

2 Propaganda v. 宣传（贬义）

例句：North Korea's state television newscaster announced such propaganda will not be tolerated

近义词：broadcast / publicize (中性)

Noncommercial plays a key role in publicizing the awareness of environmental protection.

3 Prevalent adj. 无处不在的

例句：Unsolicited commercial email and other forms of spam have become so prevalent nowadays.

近义词：ubiquitous / pervasive

A sense of social change is pervasive in her novel.

English is ubiquitous; as a result, it is suggested that it should be used as the single global official

language.

4 Pornographic adj. 色情的，淫秽作品的

例句：Teenagers are so immature that they are likely to be misled by the pornographic content in

the mass media.

近义词：erotic / obscene /sexual

The technological progress “assists” the porn industry in expanding its scope by sending erotic

pictures via internet.

Online content censorship can reduce and prevent fully the availability of indecent sexual materials

to minors.

5 A Increasing number of 越来越多

近义词：the number(time) of ……is on the rise / growing

An increasing number of individuals hold that the time wasted on the growing TV commercials is on

the rise.

6 Misleading adj. 有误导性的

例句：Some private stories give a misleading example of love and marriage to readers.

近义词：misrepresented / distorted / misguiding

Without censorship, misguiding and uncontrolled messages on the internet tend to mislead young

people into pornography.

7 Expose adj. 揭露

例句：To expose one’s privacy is an insult to his or her dignity.

近义词：reveal / bring to light / uncover

The newly found papers will bring to light what really happened

8 Scandal n. 丑闻，恶意诽谤

例:It is a great scandal for officials in developing countries to take international aid for their own use.

近义词：disgrace / humiliation / shame

The way the sales were handled was a complete disgrace.

9 Censor v. 审查，检查

例句：There is a desperate need to censor the net to remove the filth that is not only available to

adults, but is readily to any child that might have access to the net.

近义词：check up / examine / inspect / censorship n.

Media censorship needs implementing to provide guidance for media workers on how to distribute

proper information in the media.

10 Deceitful adj. 虚假的，欺诈的

例句： we find ourselves in a radically democratized media culture that’s producing an overload of

information, an alarming amount of which is deceitful or just mistaken

近义词：bogus / cheating / deceptive

Some ads targeted at children are cheating and misleading, which is harmful to the healthy

development of youngsters.

A solution will filter out the deceptive advertisements without resorting to government regulation is

self-regulation by companies.

11 Cover up 掩盖，掩饰

例句：The responsibility of newspaper is not to cover up the truth.

近义词：gloss over / whitewash

The administration is whitewashing the regime's actions.

12 Exaggerate v. 夸大事实

例句：The functions of the products are exaggerated sometimes by the advertisements, aiming to

stimulate the sales.

近义词：sensationalize / blow things out of all proportions

The media is prone to sensationalize the news to attract the readers’ or audience’s attention.

PS: is prone to=is inclined to

派生：The newspaper accounts are exaggerated.

13 Reliable adj. 可信的

例句：There is no reliable information about earthquake in the newspaper because of the

interference by government.

近义词：trustworthy / dependable / faith worthy

A trustworthy pet bring its master a sense of safety.

14 Biased adj. 不客观的

例句：This periodical carries a biased report on China.

近义词：Skewed / unobjective /

It is against the duty of the media to coverage some unobjective information.

15 Advocate v. 提倡，鼓吹

例句：In order to attract more attention from the audience, some advertisements advocate

unconditional 60-day money-back guarantee on every purchase.

近义词：support / defend

16 Revolutionize v. 彻底改变

例句：The internet revolutionizes the way we acquire the information.

近义词：turn the tide against

17 Ban v. 禁止

例句：The society would benefit from a ban on all forms of advertising because it serves on useful

purpose.

近义词：forbid / prohibit

The problem of media is not serious enough to be prohibited by the government.

18 Eliminate v. 排除，消除

例句：To completely eliminate the ads from our everyday life would be an unwise decision.

近义词：remove / get rid of

The coverage in magazines could remove the possibility of celebrities’ privacy

19 Be detrimental to 对。。。有害

例句：It is reasonable to assume that the practice of printing privacy is detrimental to our social

ethics.

近义词：harm / do harm to / jeopardize

Misleading products may jeopardize our health.

20 Sensible adj. 明智的，切合实际的

例句：Children cannot be expected to be sensible enough to distinguish ads from TV programs.

近义词：logical / rational

Consumers should have a rational attitude toward the eye-catching advertisements.

21 Nose into others’ privacy 打探别人的隐私

例句：It would encourage an immoral conduct of nosing into others’ privacy.

同义词：invade / pry / infringement

Everyone is allowed to enjoy the right of privacy without any infringement.

22 Imitate v. 模仿

例句：Teenagers often imitate the violence they observe on TV and accept it as a normal way to

behave towards others.

同义词：copy / emulate / mimic

With the misbelief that movies are real life, children tend to emulate heroes in movies.

23 Intrusive adj. 打扰的

例句：The constant presence of the media was very intrusive.

近义词：interrupt

It is annoying that the advertisements in programs interrupt our favorite shows.

24 Undoubtedly adv. 毋庸置疑地

例句：Undoubtedly, TV has become an essential part of people’s life for over the last forty years.

近义词：it is no doubt that…./undeniable

It is undeniable that vendors try all means to gain our attentions sometimes.

25 Vulnerable adj. 易受攻击的，易受伤

例句：A big part of the TV audience consists of teenagers, who are especially vulnerable to the

violence and various stereotypes promoted by TV.

近义词： defenseless / unprotected / susceptible

26 Corrupt v. 腐蚀，使堕落

例句：Pornographic content on the internet will corrupt the young generation’s mind.

近义词：degenerate / erode / wear away / corruption n.

Influenced by the indecent content on the internet, children are prone to degenerate.

Violent scenes in movies and TV programs can erode away immature youngsters’ moral standards.

27 noncommercial ads n.公益广告

例句：It is irrational to ban noncommercial ads in society.

近义词：public service advertisement

Public service advertisements raise citizens’ realization of animal protection, which is beneficial to

the whole society.

28 deceive v. 欺骗

例句：The shortcoming of persuade advertisements is that they deceive the customers by claiming

that their products are superior to the competitors’.

近义词：trick / dupe / deception n.

Consumers are being duped into buying faulty electronic goods.

29 misguide v. 把。。。引入歧途

例句： What makes things worse is that some ads try every means to misguide people's attention

近义词：misdirect / mislead / lead somebody astray

Prejudice misdirects our mind.

Some Hollywood films glorify sex and violence, attacking the moral values of all societies and leading

their young astray.

30 tempt v.诱惑

例句：Shoppers already know that everyday items, like milk, are invariably placed towards the back

of a store to provide more opportunity to tempt customers.

近义词：lure / seduce / resist the temptation of sth.

Teenagers are so immature that they can hardly resist the temptation of the advertisement targeted

on them.

生活类

1 stress n.精神压力，心理负担，紧张

例句 The ever rising living cost is putting people under enormous stress.

不断攀升的生活费用给了人们很大压力。

同义词 stress = pressure 压力

例句 Chatting with friends is an effective way to relieve pressure.

和朋友聊天是一种缓解压力的有效方法。

2. balance v. （使）平衡，（使）协调

例句 people usually find it hard to balance work and life.

人们经常发现很难去平衡工作和生活。

近义搭配 balance = find the right balance between …and …

例句 People should find the right balance between work and life.

人们应该正确平衡工作和生活。

3. alienate v. 使疏远

例句 they felt alienated from their family.

他们感觉和家人疏远了。

同/近义词 alienate = estrange 使疏远

例句 His constant need to work overtime served to estrange him from his family .

他经常需要加班而导致和家人疏远。

4．meet one’s needs 满足需要

例句 A viable income is necessary to meet the family’s material needs.

要满足家人的物质需要，一份能够维持的收入是必需的。

同义/近义搭配 meet one’s needs = satisfy/fulfill one’s needs 满足需要 = cater for 迎合，为…服务，满足需要

例句 In the information era, traditional means of storing information can no longer fulfill people’s

need.

在信息化时代，传统的存储信息的方法已经无法满足人们的需要。

Most schools cater for children of different abilities.

大部分学校能够满足拥有不同能力的儿童的需要。

5. commit oneself to …致力于…

例句 They send their children to boarding school and commit themselves to work.

他们把孩子送到寄宿学校，并致力于自己的工作。

同/近义搭配 dedicate oneself to 投身于，致力于

例句 Some people dedicate themselves to helping others which they believe can bring them

happiness.

一些人致力于帮助别人，因为他们相信这能给他们带来幸福。

6. lay/put/place emphasis on 强调，把重点放在…

例句 Increasing numbers of people lay emphasis on family life nowadays.

现在，越来越多的人开始重视家庭生活。

同/近义搭配 lay emphasis on = emphasize 强调

= focus on 使集中于

= give priority to 认为优先/为主

例句 The importance of a healthy lifestyle should be emphasized.

健康生活方式的重要性应该被强调。

Students should resist the temptation and focus on study alone.

学生们应该抵制诱惑，专注于学习。

We should give priority to the preservation of cultural identity.

我们应该优先保护文化特色。

7. the pace of life 生活节奏

例句 The pace of life is increasing with technological advancements.

随着科技进步，生活节奏不断加快。

同/近义搭配 the pace of life = the rhythm of life

= the living tempo

例句 As the rhythm of life continues to increase, we are losing the art of relaxation.

随着生活节奏的加快，我们正失去休闲的乐趣。

8. rely on 依赖，依靠

例句 They have to rely on themselves to achieve success.

他们必须依赖自己去取得成功。

同/近义搭配 rely on = depend on 依赖，依靠

= be reliant on 依赖，依靠

例句 Many unemployed college students still depend on their parents for food and clothing.

很多失业大学生仍然依赖父母供给衣食。

They will be completely reliant on other countries’ financial support.

他们将完全依赖其他国家的经济资助。

9. be attributed to 归因于

例句 This is partly attributed to the over-permissiveness of the parents.

这在一定程度上归因于父母亲的溺爱。

同/近义搭配 be attributed to = be the result of

= be due to

= result from

例句 Many health problems result from excessive stress.

很多健康问题是由过多压力导致的。

10. contribute to 导致

例句 Smoking is a major factor which contributes to cancer.

同/近义搭配 contribute to = lead to

= result in

= trigger (off)

例句 Compulsion will result in their losing motivation for work.

强迫会导致他们失去工作动力。

11. motivation 动机，动力

例句 Some people’s motivation for work is to earn money.

一些人的工作动力就是挣钱。

同/近义搭配 motivation = motive 动机

= incentive 动机，诱因

例句 There is little or no incentive to adopt such measures.

几乎没有什么激励政策让人们采取这样的措施。

12. have a responsibility to do sth. 有责任做某事

例句 Parents have a responsibility to provide children with a harmonious family atmosphere.

父母亲有责任给孩子提供一个和谐的家庭氛围。

同/近义搭配 have a responsibility to do sth. = ought to do sth.

例句 Elderly people ought to be respected. 年长者应该受到尊重。

13. offer sb. sth. 给某人提供…

例句 Parents ought to offer children love and security.

父母亲应该给孩子提供爱和安全感。

同/近义搭配 offer sb. sth. = provide sb. with sth.

例句 Universities should provide students with both theoretical knowledge and practical training.

大学既应该提供理论知识教育也应该提供实用技能培训。

14. make use of 利用

例句 They make use of the sports facilities in the community to keep fit.

同/近义搭配 make use of = draw on

例句 Elderly people usually have a fund of knowledge and experience to draw on.

老年人通常有丰富的知识和经验可以利用。

15. change jobs frequently 频繁跳槽

例句 If people change jobs frequently, they will never get experience.

如果人们频繁跳槽，他们将永远得不到经验。

同/近义搭配 change jobs frequently= skip from job to job

例句 Those who once skipped from job to job are actually not preferred by employers.

雇主实际上不喜欢那些曾经不断跳槽的人。

16. be closely linked with … 和…有密切关系

例句 Job satisfaction is closely linked with salary.

工资满意度和工资有密切关系。

同/近义搭配 be closely linked with … = be closely associated with

例句 Senior citizens staying in the pink is closely associated with medical advances.

老年人保持健康和医学的进步有密切关系。

17. living standard 生活水平

例句 The living standard of people has risen significantly .

人们的生活水平已经大幅上升。

同/近义搭配 living standard = living conditions 生活条件

例句 As the economy develops rapidly, the living conditions of people have been improved

considerably.

经济飞速发展，人们的生活条件也得到了很大改善。

18. participate in 参与，参加

例句 Some people prefer to participate in a range of dangerous sports to release stress.

一些人喜欢参加危险运动来释放压力。

同/近义搭配 participate in = be involved in

例句 Individual citizens should also be involved in protecting the environment.

个体公民也应该参与保护环境。

19. take into account 考虑，顾及

例句 when choosing where to live, what people usually first take into account is convenience.

当选择居住地点时，人们通常首先考虑的是便利。

同/近义搭配 take into account = take into consideration

例句 When choosing a job, people should also take interest into consideration.

在选择工作时，人们也应该考虑兴趣问题。

20. be of great importance 很重要

例句 Interpersonal skills are of great importance in people’s life.

人际交往技能在人们生活中很重要。

同/近义搭配 be of great importance = play a crucial/significant role

例句 Government action plays a crucial role in wildlife conservation.

政府行动在野生生物的保护中起着重要作用。

21. be conducive to 有益于

例句 Exercise is conducive to good health.

体育锻炼有助于增强体质。

同/近义搭配 be conducive to = be favorable for

例句 The exhibition is favorable for the preservation of traditional culture.

那个展览对保护传统文化是有益的。

22. tend to 趋向

例句 Obese people tend to have higher blood pressure than lean people.

胖人常比瘦人血压高。

同/近义搭配 tend to = be prone to倾向于

例句 Increasing numbers of students are prone to go abroad to get further education.

越来越多的学生倾向于出国深造。

23. not at all 根本不

例句 Coca-cola is not wholesome at all.

同/近义搭配 not at all = by no means

例句 By no means can theory be separated from practice. 理论绝不能脱离实践。

24. household chores 家务活

例句 In many households today, the husband and wife share household chores equally.

现在，在很多家庭里，夫妻双方共同分担家务活。

同/近义搭配 household chores = domestic tasks

例句 Household appliances help to relieve women of domestic tasks.

家用电器帮助把妇女从家务活中解放出来。

25. have negative effects on health 对健康有负面影响

例句 High-calorie food has negative effects on health.

同/近义搭配 have negative effects on health = pose/be a health hazard构成健康危害

例句 Vehicle pollution is a major health hazard.

26. be impossible 不可能

例句 Without health, happiness is impossible.

没有健康，幸福是不可能的。

同/近义搭配 be impossible = be out of the question

例句 Without individuals’ participation, the protection of environment is out of the question.

没有个人的参与，环境保护是不可能的。

27. a range of 一系列，一些

例句 Excessive pressure has a range of adverse effects.

过多压力有一系列的负面影响。

同/近义搭配 a range of = a variety of

= a series of

例句 Rainforests provide natural habitats for a range of species.

28. keep up with 跟上，齐肩并进

例句 They have to expand their scope of knowledge to keep up with the development of the age.

他们必须扩充知识来跟上时代的发展。

同/近义搭配 keep up with = keep abreast of

例句 Reading papers is necessary if you want to keep abreast of time

如果你想跟上时代，读报是必需的。

29. be faced with 面临，面对

例句 They will be faced with stiffer competition on the job market.

他们将面临就业市场上更加激烈的竞争。

同/近义搭配 be faced with = be confronted with

例句 The aging problem is the issue that the whole world should be confronted with.

人口老龄化是一个全世界必须面对的问题。

30. regard…as 把…看作

例句 Numerous people tend to regard houses as a sign of social status .

很多人倾向于把房子看作是社会地位的标记。

同/近义搭配 regard …as = consider …( to be )

例句 I consider it (to be) important to instill a sense of responsibility in the children.

我认为给孩子灌输责任感是很重要的。

Culture

1、 integral

Traditional costume, both national and regional, is universally recognized as an integral element of

every culture.

integral = essential 重要的，不可或缺的

vital

fundamental

central

Important

例1 The government does not know whether people realize it, but this condition is essential to us.

例2 However, it is also vital that the infrastructure supports the substitution of one service

implementation by another with no effect to the clients of that service.

例3 Independence and sovereign equality among states is a fundamental principle of international

law.

例4 Once you have a flat in central Berlin,you can always monetize it when the prices rise.

例5 The teacher’s specialty was psychology -- one important branch on the great tree of knowledge.

ty

Below are some facts that suggests the role of traditional costumes in protecting enthetic and

identity.

Identity = individuality 身份，特点，特征

Distinctiveness

例1 I noticed that sometimes we forget about our individuality and try to blend in with our

surroundings.

例2 The distinctiveness of people’s various eating habits is indicative of their different geological

locations and cultural backgrounds.

tic

There is no denying that some old buildings are of aesthetic, archaeological or architectural values.

Aesthetic = artistic 艺术的，审美的

例1 The writer has sold out his artistic standards and now just writes for a living.

tration

Dressing in a standard manner is a demonstration of respect, the key to mutual trust.

Demonstration = expression 显示，展示

Display/ Manifestation / Revelation

例1 This time the teacher will not mark our English exercises for spelling and grammar, but she will

be looking for pleasing expression.

例2 Her attention was engaged by the display of the new dress in the ship windows.

例3 He believes the jitters are a manifestation of passion, and he uses the energy they generate to

keep moving forward.

例4 So how do you decide? Well, you can give by reason or by revelation.

an

Every item of property has its own lifespan.

Lifespan = lifetime 寿命，生命周期

= natural life

例1 It is difficult to verbalize his lifetime of frustrations.

例2 Some are so slow growing they never would have caused medical problems in the person’s

natural life span.

tructed

City planners are very often confronted with debate concerning whether an old building should be

deconstructed or maintained.

Deconstruct = demolish 推翻，拆除（建筑物等）

= bulldoze

= knock down

= pull down

例1 Even with the continual addition of new and wider roads, cities like Beijing cannot confiscate

land, demolish residential buildings, and build roads fast enough to accommodate all these new cars.

例2 He flows with the changing landscape, rather than trying to bulldoze it.

例3 He manages to knock down a guard and grab a knife.

例4 It holds $2.6 trillion of foreign-exchange reserves. Why should it pull down the system that has

served it so well?

7 integrity

Failing to maintain the unique characteristics of traditional costume of a country will surely cause

destruction on the integrity of a culture.

Integrity = completeness 完整性

Unity

例1 We mention it for completeness only, so you may ignore this case.

例2 We must strengthen our unity in the face of powerful enemies.

They might be either integral to a culture as a symbol of a city or country or unique in the domain of

architecture.

Domain = area 领域

= field

例1 Reading helps us in every area of our lives.

例2 He can outthink me only in the field of the society.

9. Demolition

Demolition of such buildings will inflict damage to cultural heritage and prevent architects from

drawing their inspiration from their predecessors.

Demolition = destruction 破坏，毁坏

= pulling down

= knocking down

例1 The conquerors depopulated the enemy's country by destruction and expulsion.

例2 Europe's economic chief joined calls for the spotlight to swing onto the debt piles which euro

zone governments have accumulated, to prevent the bad from pulling down the good.

例3 Moving from one culture to another is incredibly difficult, and knocking down the barriers and

misconceptions is even harder.

10. Dilapidated

With regard to other old buildings, processing no specific value while becoming dilapidated, entire

destruction is an acceptable and understandable decision.

Dilapidated = wrecked 破烂的，荒芜的

= decaying

例1 The next day, another ship was wrecked and the only survivor was a woman who swam to his

side of the island.

例2 From the facts, we deduced that the Empire was decaying.

rians

Low in quality and poor in conditions, some old buildings are actually posing a danger on users and

pedestrians.

Pedestrian = walker 路人

= person on foot

例1 I want to thank each and every walker, volunteer and committee member for all your hard work

and enthusiasm!

例2 This means the person on foot should be on the left, facing traffic, and the bike rider should be

on the right, going with it.

They might stand in the way of a new road line or impede other forms of urban development.

14 blemish

Whether they have been renovated or not, these buildings blemish the landscape and provide no

justification for continued maintenance.

Blemish = damage 破坏，损坏

= tarnish/ spoil/ ruin

例1 We will pay for any damage which results within a year.

例2 They aim to tarnish my reputation and discredit my integrity, my stance, my political and

military history during which I worked hard for Egypt and its people in peace and war.

例3 In the summer heat, the temperatures easily rise as high as 40 degrees, causing seafood to spoil

quickly.

例4 Never gloat over the ruin of your friend.

15 renewed

Replacing old buildings with new ones meets the renewed needs of the city.

Renewed = changed 更新的，提高的

= improved

例1 I went there once again ten years later, but nothing changed. All stood there.

例2 Her service has improved,and I can hardly receive it.

16 weigh up

People involved should carefully weigh up the pros and cons of new developments before reaching a

conclusion.

Weigh up = assess 衡量，估量，对比

= evaluate

= compare

= estimate

例1 When you assess a person, thing, or situation, you consider them in order to make a judgment

about them.

例2 These goals and expectations then have to be communicated to your employees—before you

evaluate them, not after.

例3 Managers analyses their company's data and compare it with data on their competitors.

例4 How long do you have to be around a person to see him, to estimate how good a lecturer that

person is?

17 Accordingly

Accordingly some people suggest that new buildings should be constructed with a classical style, in

an effort to protect a nation’s cultural identity.

Accordingly = therefore 因此

= hence

例1 Their argument is that it's not just that consciousness doesn't clearly understand what it's

looking at and is therefore alienated from it.

例2 Diagrams are crucial, since without them, it is difficult to develop an understanding of the model

and, hence, the system it represents.

18 characterizes

New constructions might not only cause direct damage to those existing aged buildings, which are

central to a nation’s culture, but also destroy the integrity of the cityscape, which characterizes a

country.

Integrity = completeness 完整性

= intactness

例1 NOTE: I make no promises whatsoever about the performance, accuracy, or completeness of

the prototype code!

例2 We are so strict with our physical intactness . It is certainly more important that a man to keep

his intact virtue.

Characterise = feature 是...的主要特色，特征

例1 Now, the concept of ritual impurity was a central and integral feature of most, if not all, ancient

religions.

19 aligned with

New constructions, if not aligned with the existing buildings, will impair the uniqueness of an

architecture style, which has been widely recognised, studied and treasured by the world.

Aligned with = consistent with 与...一致

= in harmony with

例1 Sometimes the simplest solutions are in fact the best and thus consistent with this constant

reminder to Shuttle Boy Cards ourselves was born last year what we dubbed Shuttle boy Cards.

例2 This time we see four strapping young "farmers" getting all emotional about living in harmony

with nature.

20 upholding

Another main justification for upholding a traditional building style is that it contributes to the

diversity of building models in a country.

Uphold = defend 支持

= support

例1 Freedom from tyranny is a principle we should always defend.

例2 Particularly if you're of equal status, you have a common goal, and you have social support

makes you like people more.

21 mingling

By preserving classical architecture, some regions are marked by the mingling of buildings of

different ages and types.

Mingling = mixture 混合

= blending

= combination

例1 They emerge from this indifferent primal realm, This mixture of salt and sea waters, that is the

source of all being and the source of ultimate power, But they age and they mature and they fight

and they die.

例2 This type of effect works by capturing a "before" and an "after" bitmap, then blending the two

until the "after" is the only one visible.

例3 After all, there does not seem to be any inherent impossibility in the combination.

t

Many cities in Europe can be cited as examples, where buildings in a traditional or ancient format

coexist with modernized buildings, performing different functions and serving dissimilar purposes.

Coexist = exist together 共存

例1 He says that fixed rates, independent monetary policy, and free capital markets cannot exist

together.

23 bridges

It bridges the past and the present history, and reminds people of the heritage of a country.

Bridge = link 连接

= join

例1 And so he's able to link the texted plays to Performances of those plays and then compare How

different actors have interpreted important roles.

例2 Or you join the Yale Club in New York, something like that, and you sit around and talk with

people.

24 sameness

It comes as no surprise that ceaseless pursuit of a classical style will result in the sameness of

buildings in a country.

Sameness = monotony 一致性

= uniformity

例1 This is a good way to develop new interests, and friends and to break up the monotony of

everyday life.

例2 No matter from which angle you look, there should always be uniformity, so that the formation

looks like a steel panel.

25 enlisted

From the points enlisted above, it seems obvious that architecture is an approach of preserving a

nation’s cultural heritage, so new construction should be undertaken to adhere to a traditional style.

Enlist = introduce 介绍，引入

例1 And then, if we have time at the end, we'll introduce one last topic, which is isoelectronic atoms

and ions.

a modern society, aesthetical considerations are no longer considered as insignificant or luxury

but have been integrated as a core function of a building.

Integrate = incorporate 吸收，融合，结合（一种东西到另外一种东西里面）

= assimilate

例1 The next step is to generate the report and then incorporate it as an affiliated document of the

master document.

例2 China needs to assimilate a good deal of foreign progressive culture, but she must not swallow

anything and everything uncritically.

26 ornamentation

No longer limited to such ordinary functions, such as safety, durability, space, access to facilities,

their interests involve decorative details and visual qualities, including ornamentation and

furnishings.

Ornamentation = decoration 装饰品

= adornment

例1 He lashed out half a small fortune on the interior decoration.

例2 She wore a red ribbon in her hair, and was the only one of the white company who could boast

of such a pronounced adornment.

27 bound to

In simple terms, a pedestrian-looking building is bound to mismatch the trend of the market.

Bound to = set to 将要发生的，势必要发生的

= expected to

Mismatch = fail to match or suit 不适合，不吻合

例1 And by this time all educated Roman men were expected to be able to speak Greek, well if

possible.

例2 Houses built between 1979 and 1999 can exist for another 10-15 years, but their dated design

and poor facilities all fail to match modern cities.

例3 However, you should not remove an input field when the field is required or should be set to a

default value because the field is required.

28 rarity

2.A building falling in these categories design of originality an rarity, aiming to distinguish itself from

other constructions of its kind or those in its surroundings.

Rarity = uniqueness 罕见

例1 Start sharing these gifts to bring joy to others around you, and give them the chance to

appreciate your uniqueness.

29 marketability

Architects’ inspirations add values to the building and increase its marketability.

Marketability = profit-earning ability 市场价值，可销售性，可盈利性

例1 Commercial credit is a special, intangible asset, and its essence is super profit-earning ability.

30 symbolic

Many buildings have become symbolic in the city or region where they are located.

Symbolic = representative 具有代表性的，标志性的。

例1 So at Brown, um, I'd say maybe Asians are fifteen percent, a representative of overpopulation.

Environment

1 be enveloped with v.萦绕

例句Our minds have been enveloped with environmental issues since the second half of last

century.

上个世纪下半叶以来，环境问题一直萦绕在我们心头。

近义搭配be enveloped with

Be brought to the forefront

Be invaded

例句 Earth-shaken changes have taken place to global appearance thanks to the invasion of

deteriorating environment—such as rising sea level, deforestation, overgrazing.

由于类似于海平面上升，森林退化，过度放牧等环境问题的侵害，全球面貌发生了惊天巨变。

Environmental issues have been brought to the forefront with the deterioration of contamination

throughout the globe—not only in highly industrialized countries, but also in those with intense

agriculture.

随着全球环境的恶化，环境问题已经放到了最前沿，不论是在发达国家还是那些发展中国家。

2 environmental problems 环境问题

类似短语

Environmental contamination

Environmental issues

Environmental deterioration

Deteriorating environment

Environmental degeneration

Environmental exacerbation

Environmental degration

例句 见例1

3 important 重要的

类似词汇 significant, critical, crucial, vital, vitally important

类似词组： play a +以上任意词汇 role in

As+以上任意词汇+as time/fortune/luck/life

What A to B is what C is to D.

例句及其改写：

Environment to us is very important, so we must put some importance on it.

环境对于我们来说很重要，所以我们要重视它(这个句子55水平，大家都能写的出来。接下来开始变身。)

Environment plays an essential role in our life, resulting in the necessity of dealing with it.

What environment to us is what water is to fish, consequently, it is figuring out how to address these

problems that is our first choice.

4. cope with/deal with 处理，解决

类似词汇：solve, resolve, handle, tackle, address

类似短语：cope with, deal with

例句：

To solve this concern, countries worldwide should join forces, instead of working individually for

their own targets.

To address this concern, countries throughout the globe should join forces, rather than working

individually for their own targets.

为了解决这个问题，世界各国应合力解决，而不是为了一己私欲。

5. waste water 废水

类似词汇： sewage, liquid waste, effluent, drain water, residuary water

例句：

For example, a river in one country can be polluted by the waste water from other countries.

变身：For example, a stream in one country can be polluted by the sewage dumped/poured by

neighboring country. 比如说，一条国家的河流很有可能被其邻国排放的污水给污染。

6. enough 足够的 类似词汇：adequate, abundant, sufficient, substantial

反义词： deficient, insufficient, inadequate

例句：It should also be noted that some countries do not have adequate resources (including capital

and technology) to reduce pollution.

It should also draw our attention that some countries are deficient in resources storage (including

capital and technology) to reduce pollution. 还需要注意的是有些国家没有足够的资源（包括紫金和技术）去减少污染。

7 focus 关注 类似词汇：central question, focused question, the core question

例句：It is our focus whether economy has to develop at the cost of environment.

The central/core question is whether economic development has to be achieved at the

environment’s expense.

8 should 应该

类似词汇：be supposed to, ought to

I am of the opinion that environmental problems which should be accepted as a trade-off for

economic growth.

I am of the opinion that environmental degradation supposed to be accepted as a trade-off for

economic growth.

我的看法是对于发展中国家来说，环境问题是经济发展必须接受的一个折中条件。

9 convenience 方便

例句： Having a car has become an essential part for many people’s lives thanks to its convenience.

类似词汇：flexibility，make … accessible, provide access to

例句：

Having a car has become an essential part for many individuals’ lives. It offers flexibility to their life

and work and also provides ready access to a variety of services and leisure options.

拥有一辆车对于许多人来讲都非常重要，因为它给我们的生活和工作带来便利，也让我们能够享受各种服务和其他的娱乐休闲项目。

10 greenhouse gas 温室气体

例句： vehicles are major sources of urban air pollution and greenhouse gases emissions

类似环境问题的词汇：Rising sea level, greenhouse effect, the melting of ice layer, the pollution of

sewages, white pollutant, the consumption of disposable products, acid rain, soil erosion

11 the use of disposable products 一次性产品的使用

例句： It is prevalent for a vast array of people to use disposable products, such as disposable dishes,

chopsticks and plastic bags.

人们总是经常使用一些一次性产品，例如一次性餐具、筷子、塑料袋等。

类似词汇： use, consume, utilize, Use, usage, consumption, utilization (n.)

例句：These years have witnessed the utilization of disposable products- chopsticks, dishes and

plastic bags.

12 traffic jams 交通拥堵

例句：private cars in mounting number lead to traffic jams.

私家车的增多导致了交通拥堵。

类似词汇或短语：traffic congestion/ gridlock/ blocks

Congested/crowded traffic

例句： The proliferation of private cars contributes to traffic congestion.

13 indifferent 冷漠的，漠不关心的

例句：few actions are actually being taken at the individual level to preserve the environment and I

think there are two major reasons why people are being so different.

很少有人去从个人名义来为保护环境做些什么，我认为他们如此漠不关心主要由两个原因。

类似词汇： not realize the significance/ severity of …

Few proactive and efficient actions are actually being taken at the individual level to preserve the

environment and I think there are two major reasons why people have not realized the significance/

severity of environmental preservation.

14 take actions to do sth. 采取行动做。。。

It is high time for everyone to take action to change the current situation at the individual level.

是时候要大家合力为改变现状去做些什么了。

类似词汇或短语：take some measures to do

Adopt some methods to do

主被动的转换 前面可以加的形容词有：effective, efficient, proactive, immediate

Proactive and immediate methods

15 new-rising energy 新型能源

The use of new-rising energy is nothing but a positive trend and development and indeed their use

should be encouraged further.

新兴能源的使用很显然是一个很好的趋势和发展，因而他们的使用应该受到更进一步的鼓励。

类似词汇或短语：green energy, alternative sources

相反，fossil fuels 也可以是 traditional sources

16 confront 使。。。冲突

例句： in modern society, environmental related issue have confronted ecological scientists,

government agencies and the general public.

当今社会，环境问题让生态学家，政府部门和大众直接面临很多冲突。

类似词汇：debate, controversy, argument

in modern society, environmental related issue have given rise to much controversy over ecological

scientists, government agencies and the general public.

17 unavoidable 无法避免的

例句： one of people’s unavoidable obligations is to instill the urgent need of taking care of our

natural environment into the psyche of each member of our planet.

人们有一项无法避免的义务就是给这星球上的每一员去灌输这样一个想法—保护环境刻不容缓。

类似词汇和短语： indefensible, inevitable

18 gravity 严重性

例句： Making the public aware the gravity of environment preservation is what we are supposed to

do now. 让大众明白环保的重要性是我们当下重中之重。

Punishment varies in accordance with the gravity of offense.

惩罚的轻重取决于侵犯行为的严重与否。

类似词汇：severity

19 enormous 巨大的

例句： the environment related problems facing us are enormous.

我们所面临的环境问题非常巨大。

The exhausted emissions give rise to such enormous problems named greenhouse effect.

废气的排放会引起温室效应这样的巨大问题。

类似词汇： tremendous, huge, great

20 aggravate 加剧，加重

例句：the pollutant poured into the sewages will further aggravate the pollution of the ecosystem.

排放进下水道的水将更近一步的加重整个生态系统的污染。

类似词汇或短语： drop.. to a dilemma

The pollutant poured into the sewages will drop the whole ecosystem into a dilemma.

21 recycle 再使用，再利用

例句： the recycling of the energy and its efficiency play a crucial role in energy choice.

能源是否循环使用及其有效性在能源的选择上非常重要。

类似词汇或短语：reuse, re-consume, circulation, loop

Whether the energy can be in the circulatory use affects our choice in so many alternative sources.

在我们有众多替代资源可以选择的时候，该能源能否循环使用是衡量是否使用这种资源的一条要素。

22 inhumane 残酷的，不仁道的

例句：A vast array of individuals maintains that it is inhumane to hunt wildlife for their meat or other

purposes. 很多人认为，我们为了野生动物的肉或者其他目的去猎捕他们是很不人道的。

类似词汇或短语：cruel, brute, ruffian, oppressive

23 sustainable development 可持续发展

例句：on the one hand, we ought to take proactive actions—banning the discharging of pollutants

from factories, punishing those who throwing away rubbishes everywhere, all contributing to the

sustainable development of society.

一方面，我们应该立即行动起来，例如禁止工厂排放污水，惩处那些乱扔垃圾的人，多为社会可持续发展多做贡献。

类似词汇：recycling and enduring/permanent development

24 shortage 缺乏

例句： it is a common phenomenon that many remote areas are short in water resources.

许多偏远地区在水资源上都会缺乏。

类似词汇或短语：Scarcity（n.）scarce(adj.)， dearth Be short/scarce of

The scarcity/shortage of water resources can be seen hither and thither in many remote areas.

25 ecological balance 生态平衡

例句：countries on this planet must join forces to combat environmental problems—contributing to

ecological balance. 各国必须携手解决环境问题，共同促进生态平衡。

类似词汇：ecological equilibrium

26 devastate 破坏

例句： the deforestation not only devastates the habitat of animals, but also strike down the steps

of sustainable development. 砍伐森林不仅破坏了动物的栖息地，而且阻碍了可持续发展的步伐。

类似词汇：wreak havoc on, have devastating effects on, deteriorate, aggravate

27 poisonous 有毒的

例句：for the reason that pollutants in sewage are composed of poisonous substances, some fish

species are threatened even endangered when they are poured into rivers.

因为下水道的污水中含有很多有毒物质，因而当它们被排入河流当中时很多鱼类濒临灭绝。

类似词汇或短语：toxic, venomous, nocuous, noxious

28 fertile 肥沃的

例句： farmers take to a vast array of organic fertilizer to improve the fertility of lands.

农民们总是求助于一些有机肥料用来提高土地的肥沃度。

类似词汇或短语：make… further fertile, improve the fertility of…, boost the fertility of

29 chain reaction 连锁反应

例句：like other chain reactions, environmental devastation is not an exception.

像其他连锁反应一样，环境问题也不例外。

类似词汇或短语：butterfly effect

30 severe 严重

例句：Rome was not built in a day; environmental problems are not severe in a day.

罗马不是一天建成的，环境问题也不是一天就变得如此严重。

类似词汇或短语：grave, grievous