呼啸山庄中英文双语介绍

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Wuthering Heights

《呼啸山庄》（Wuthering Heights），英国女作家艾米莉·勃朗特（Emily Brontë）的小说，也是她唯一的一部小说，于1847年首度出版。当时因为内容对人性丑恶的描写而遭致非议，被称为是一本“可怕而野蛮”的书，书中写尽了寂寥的荒野、偏僻的古堡、粗暴的爱情，气氛阴郁而浓厚，被当时人所不容。但是随着时间的推移，这部小说逐渐的被主流社会所认同，并且被认为是勃朗特姐妹所有的作品中最为出色的一部。艾米丽独特的气质，对世界的感悟，对荒原的依恋和描写，给这部小说增添了独特的审美意味，这是这部小说明显不同于维多利亚时代其他小说的原因。其中也继承了象征、恐怖和神秘等哥特小说手法。

小说的背景是十八世纪英格兰北部的约克郡，呼啸山庄的主人、恩肖先生（Earnshaw）带回一个身分不明的吉普赛男孩，取名希斯克利夫（Heathcliff），这位小男孩夺去了主人对小主人亨德利（Hindley）和他妹妹凯瑟琳（Catherine）的宠爱。主人恩肖死后，亨德利从外地娶回一女子(法兰西斯)，继承了山庄，为了报复，他把希斯克利夫贬为奴仆，并百般迫害，可是妹妹凯瑟琳却和他产生了爱情，希斯克利夫天性倔强，性格敏感而多疑，两人之间却又存在着激烈的冲突。后来，凯瑟琳受外界影响，改而爱上有钱、成熟的画眉庄园的青年埃德加·林顿（Edgar Linton）。使希斯克利夫在暴风雨之夜愤而出走，三年后再出现时，已经是一名富商，他的出现造成呼啸山庄诡异的气氛，希斯克利夫的爱变得偏激，他不但想报复凯瑟琳，还不放过她身边的每一个人，他用赌博赢得了山庄，亨德利成为他的仆人，亨德利最后死得不明不白，儿子哈里顿则成了奴仆。他还故意娶了埃德加的妹妹伊莎贝拉（Isabella）为妻，造成兄妹失和，并施以迫害。埃德加反对凯瑟琳和希斯克里夫继续来往，这使得凯瑟琳越来越忧郁，内心痛苦不堪的凯瑟琳在生产中死去。希斯克利夫甚至想把凯瑟琳的遗体从坟墓里挖出来见最后一面。

十多年后，希斯克利夫又设法强迫埃德加的女儿小凯瑟琳，嫁给自己即将死去的儿子林敦。埃德加和林敦都死了，希斯克利夫最终把埃德加的财产也据为己有。复仇得逞了，他对凯瑟琳的爱是粗暴的，却也是无可取代的，他甚至希望死后能把棺材打开，跟凯瑟琳灵魂长相厮守，最终不吃不喝、苦恋而亡。小凯瑟琳和哈里顿继承了山庄和田庄的产业，两人终于相爱，在画眉田庄安顿下来。

Wuthering Heights is the only published novel by Emily Brontë, written between

October 1845 and June 1846[1] and published in July of the following year. It was not

printed until December 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell, after the success of her

sister Charlotte Brontë's novel Jane Eyre. A posthumous second edition was edited by

Charlotte in 1850.[2]

The title of the novel comes from the Yorkshire manor on the moors of the story. The

narrative centres on the all-encompassing, passionate, but ultimately doomed love

between Catherine Earnshaw and Heathcliff, and how this unresolved passion

eventually destroys them and the people around them

Opening (chapters 1 to 3)

In 1801, Mr. Lockwood, a rich man from the south of England, rents Thrushcross

Grange in the north of England for peace and recuperation. Soon after his arrival, he

visits his landlord, Mr. Heathcliff, who lives in the remote moorland farmhouse called

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"Wuthering Heights." He finds the inhabitants of Wuthering Heights to be a rather

strange group: Mr. Heathcliff appears a gentleman but his mannerisms suggest

otherwise; the reserved mistress of the house is in her mid-teens; and a young man

appears to be one of the family, although he dresses and talks like a servant.

Being snowed in, Mr. Lockwood stays the night and is shown to an unused chamber,

where he finds books and graffiti from a former inhabitant of the farmhouse named

Catherine. When he falls asleep, he has a nightmare in which he sees Catherine as a

ghost trying to enter through the window. Heathcliff rushes to the room after

hearing him yelling in fear. He believes Mr. Lockwood is telling the truth, and inspects

the window, opening it in a futile attempt to let Catherine's spirit in from the cold.

After nothing eventuates, Heathcliff shows Mr. Lockwood to his own bedroom, and

returns to keep guard at the window.

As soon as the sun rises, Mr. Lockwood is escorted back to Thrushcross Grange by

Heathcliff. There, he asks his housekeeper, Nelly Dean, to tell him the story of the

family from the Heights.

The Childhood of Heathcliff (chapters 4 to 17)

Thirty years prior, the Earnshaw family lived at Wuthering Heights. The children of

the family are the teenaged Hindley and his younger sister, Catherine. Mr. Earnshaw

travels to Liverpool, where he finds a homeless dark-skinned boy whom he decides

to adopt, naming him "Heathcliff." Hindley finds himself robbed of his father's

affections and becomes bitterly jealous of Heathcliff. However, Catherine grows very

attached to him. Soon, the two children spend hours on the moors together and hate

every moment apart.

Because of the domestic discord caused by Hindley's and Heathcliff's sibling rivalry,

Hindley is eventually sent to college. However, he marries a woman named Frances

and returns three years later, after Mr. Earnshaw dies. He becomes master of

Wuthering Heights, and forces Heathcliff to become a servant instead of a member

of the family.

Several months after Hindley's return, Heathcliff and Catherine travel to Thrushcross

Grange to spy on the Linton family. However, they are spotted and try to escape.

Catherine, having been caught by a dog, is brought inside the Grange to have injuries

tended to while Heathcliff is sent home. Catherine eventually returns to Wuthering

Heights as a changed woman, looking and acting as a lady. She laughs at Heathcliff's

unkempt appearance. When the Lintons visit the next day, Heathcliff dresses up to

impress her. It fails when Edgar, one of the Linton children, argues with him.

Heathcliff is locked in the attic, where Catherine later tries to comfort him. He swears

vengeance on Hindley.

In the summer of the next year, Frances gives birth to a son, Hareton, but she dies

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before the year is out. This leads Hindley to descend into a life of drunkenness and

waste.

Two years pass and Catherine has become close friends with Edgar, growing more

distant from Heathcliff. One day in August, while Hindley is absent, Edgar comes to

visit Catherine. She has an argument with Nelly, which then spreads to Edgar who

tries to leave. Catherine stops him and, before long, they declare themselves lovers.

Later, Catherine talks with Nelly, explaining that Edgar had asked her to marry him

and she had accepted. She says that she does not really love Edgar but Heathcliff.

Unfortunately she could never marry Heathcliff because of his lack of status and

education. She therefore plans to marry Edgar and use that position to help raise

Heathcliff's standing. Unfortunately, Heathcliff had overheard the first part about not

being able to marry him and runs away, disappearing without a trace. After three

years, Edgar and Catherine are married.

Six months after the marriage, Heathcliff returns as a gentleman, having grown

stronger and richer during his absence. Catherine is delighted to see him although

Edgar is not so keen. Edgar's sister, Isabella, now eighteen, falls in love with Heathcliff,

seeing him as a romantic hero. He despises her but encourages the infatuation,

seeing it as a chance for revenge on Edgar. When he embraces Isabella one day at the

Grange, there is an argument with Edgar which causes Catherine to lock herself in

her room and fall ill.

Heathcliff has been staying at the Heights, gambling with Hindley and teaching

Hareton bad habits. Hindley is gradually losing his wealth, mortgaging the farmhouse

to Heathcliff to repay his debts.

While Catherine is ill, Heathcliff elopes with Isabella. The fugitives marry and return

two months later to Wuthering Heights. Heathcliff hears that Catherine is ill and

arranges with Nelly to visit her in secret. In the early hours of the day after their

meeting, Catherine gives birth to her daughter, Cathy, and then dies.

The day after Catherine's funeral, Isabella flees Heathcliff and escapes to the south of

England where she eventually gives birth to Linton, Heathcliff's son. Hindley dies six

months after Catherine. Heathcliff finds himself the master of Wuthering Heights and

the guardian of Hareton.

The Maturity of Heathcliff (chapters 18 to 31)

Twelve years later, Cathy has grown into a beautiful, high-spirited girl who has rarely

passed outside the borders of the Grange. Edgar hears that Isabella is dying and

leaves to pick up her son with the intention of adopting him. While he is gone, Cathy

meets Hareton on the moors and learns of her cousin's and Wuthering Heights'

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existence.

Edgar returns with Linton who is a weak and sickly boy. Although Cathy is attracted to

him, Heathcliff wants his son with him and insists on having him taken to the Heights.

Three years later, Nelly and Cathy are on the moors when they meet Heathcliff who

takes them to Wuthering Heights to see Linton and Hareton. He has plans for Linton

and Cathy to marry so that he will inherit Thrushcross Grange. Cathy and Linton

begin a secret friendship.

In August of the next year, while Edgar is very ill, Nelly and Cathy visit Wuthering

Heights and are held captive by Heathcliff who wants to marry his son to Cathy and,

at the same time, prevent her from returning to her father before he dies. After five

days, Nelly is released and Cathy escapes with Linton's help just in time to see her

father before he dies.

With Heathcliff now the master of both Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange,

Cathy has no choice but to leave Nelly and to go and live with Heathcliff and Hareton.

Linton dies soon afterwards and, although Hareton tries to be kind to her, she

retreats into herself. This is the point of the story at which Lockwood arrives.

After being ill with a cold for some time, Lockwood decides that he has had enough

of the moors and travels to Wuthering Heights to inform Heathcliff that he is

returning to the south.

Ending (chapters 32 to 34)

In September, eight months after leaving, Lockwood finds himself back in the area

and decides to stay at Thrushcross Grange (since his tenancy is still valid until

October). He finds that Nelly is now living at Wuthering Heights. He makes his way

there and she fills in the rest of the story.

Nelly had moved to the Heights soon after Lockwood left to replace the housekeeper

who had departed. In March, Hareton had an accident and has been confined to the

farmhouse. During this time, a friendship developed between Cathy and Hareton.

This continued into April when Heathcliff begins to act very strangely, seeing visions

of Catherine. After not eating for four days, he is found dead in Catherine's room. He

is buried next to Catherine.

Lockwood departs but, before he leaves, he hears that Hareton and Cathy plan to

marry on New Year's Day. Lockwood passes the graves of Catherine, Edgar and

Heathcliff, pausing to contemplate the peaceful quiet of the moors.