初中常用英语词根词缀

学而不思则惘，思而不学则殆

一、常见的词根

, abil=able能够

ability，able，disable，enable

=do 做

Actor, actress, activity, action, active, actual,

actually, exact, react,

=do,做

Agent, agency

=art艺术

Art, article, artist,

, aster=star星星

Astronomy, astronaut, disaster,

, bol=fight打架

Ballroom, balloon, symbol

=base基础

Baseball,

, bel=war, fight战争

Rebel,

, cid=fall落下

Casual, casually, occasion, accident,

10. cept, ceive, cip, cup=hold抓住

accept, except, receive, receipt, principal,

=head头

Captain, capital,

, circle=circle圈

Bicycle, recycle, circus,

=write写

Diction, prediction,

=double双

Double, doubt

, duc=say说

Educate, education, reduce, conduct,

, fail, fault=err错误

=catch捉住

Offer, infer, different, difference, prefer, suffer,

=flow流动

Fluent, fluency, influence,

, fort=strong

Force, forceful, effort, comfortable, discomfortable

=shape形状

Formal, inform, information, reform, transform,

uniform, perform, performance,

, friger=cold冷

Refrigerator

,=pour倒

Confuse, confusion, refuse,

, gister=carry, bring搬运

Suggest, suggestion,

=step, grade阶段

Grade, graduate, gradual, centigrade,

, gram=write,写

Photograph, telegraph, program, diagram

26. grat, gree=pleasing,满意

Gratitude, grateful, grace, agreement, disagree,

=go, walk走

Progress,

28. Habit=do well做

Habit,

29. Hap=chance机会

Perhaps, happen, happy, happiness,

, lig=choose, gather,收集

Collect, collection, elect, neglect, select,

31. Long=leng长度

Belong, length,

, manu=hand手

Manage, manager, maintain,

=sigh, 标记

Marked, remark, landmark, bookmark,

=memory记忆

Memory, memorize, remember,

=mind介意，想法

mention, comment, remind

, mit=send, cast投送

Dismiss, promise,

=mode, manner举止

Modest, model, modern

=deny否定

Neglect, negative,

, port=part, divide,分割

Apartment, depart, department, partner,

=pass through通过

Passage, passenger, passport,

, pens=hang悬挂

Depend, independent, spend,

学而不思则惘，思而不学则殆

=try尝试

Experiment, experience,

=flat平坦

Plate, platform,

=fold折叠

Apply, reply, supply,

, punct=point, make sharp, 尖，尖端

pointed, pointer, appoint, appointment, disappoint,

=state, city城市，地区，国家

Police, policy, politics,

, publ=people人们

Population, popular, public, publish,

=carry运送

export, support, transport,

=press按压

Pressure, compress, express, expression,

impressive,

=first, chief,第一，主要

Primary, primer,

, =take拿取

Surprise,

, quir, quis, quer=seek, search,搜索

Quest, inquest, question, request, conquer,

, qui=still 安静

Quiet, quietly, quickly

=free自由

Quit,

=salt盐

Salt, salty, salad, salary,

=know知道

Science, scientist, scientific,

, sent=feel感觉

Sense, sensible, nonsense,

=serve, keep保持

Service, servant, deserve, observe,

=sit,坐

President, consider,

=mark,标记

Signal, assign, assignment, design,

-stand站立

Assist, assistant, consist, exist,

,summ=add up添加

Sum, summit, summary, summarize,

=far远的

Telegraph, telephone, television,

二. 常见的前缀

1.表示否定意义的前缀

1)纯否定前缀

dis- ,dishonest, dislike

im-, ir-,impossible, irregular

ne-, n-, none, neither, never

non-, nonsense

neg-, neglect

un- unable, unemployment

2)表示错误的意义

mis-, mistake, mislead,

3)表示反动作的意思

de-, defend,

un-, unload, uncover

2. 表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀

a-在…之上,向…”aboard, aside, above,

en-, 表示“在内，进入”encage, enjoy, enrich,

ex-, 表示“外部，外”exit, expand, export, except,

fore- “在前面”forehead, foreground,

in-, il-, im-(用于b,m,p之前), ir-, 表示“向内，在内，背于”inside, import

inter-,表示“在……间，相互”international,

interaction, internet

intro-, 表示“向内，在内，内侧”introduce,

introduction

mid-, 表示“中，中间”midnight,

out-, 表示“在上面，在外部，在外”outline, outside,

outward

over-, 表示“在上面，在外部，向上”overlook,

overhead, overboard

pre-, 表示"在前”在前面”prefix, preface, prepare

pro-, 表示“在前，向前”progress, proceed,

sub-, 表示“在下面，下”subway,

super-, sur-, 表示“在…..之上” surface,

supermarket, superman,

trans-, 表示“移上，转上，在那一边”translate,

transform,

under-, 表示“在…..下面，下的”underline,

underground, underwater

学而不思则惘，思而不学则殆

up-, 表示“向上，向上面，在上”upward, uphill(上坡)upstairs,

3. 表示时间，序列关系的前缀

fore-, 表示“在前面，先前，前面” forecast, foretell

mid-,表示“中，中间”midnight, midsummer

post-"表示“在后，后”postwar,

pre-, 表示“在前，事先，预先” prewar, prehistory

re-, 表示“再一次，重新”retell, rewrite,repeat,

4. 表示比较程度差别关系的前缀

over-，表示“超过，过度，太”overeat, oversleep

5. 表示共同，相等意思的前缀

co- 表示“共同，一起”。connect, collect,

sym-,表示“同，共，和，类” sympathy

6. 表示整个完全意思的前缀

al- 表示“完整，完全”alone, almost, overall

over-表示“完全，全”overall, overflow(充满)

7. 表示分离，离开意思的前缀

a-，表示“分离，离开” away, apart, abstain

de- 表示“离去，处去”depart,

8. 表示通过，遍及意思的前缀

per-, pel-,通，总，遍perfect, perform,

trans-,横过，贯通transparent, transport

9. 表示加强意思的前缀

a-, arouse, ashamed

ad-, adjoin,

10. 表示变换词类作用的前缀

be-, befriend,

en-, enable, enrich

ad-, at-, adapt, attend, attract,

11. 表示数量关系的前缀

twi-,表示“二，两，双” twin

centi-,表示"百，百分之一"centimeter

kilo-,表示"千，千分之一kilometer

micro-,表示"万，万分之一” microvolt

13. 表示术语的前缀

aud-, 表示“听，声”audience,

bio-, 表示“生命，生物”biography(传记)

ge-, 表示“地球，大地”geography

phon-, “声，音调”phone, phonograph

tele-, 表示“远离”television, telephone

三. 常见的后缀

1. 名词后缀

(1) 具有某种职业或动作的人

-an, -ian,…地方的人American,

-ant,-ent, "…者” agent, servant, student,

-ar, "……的人” scholar, liar,

-ary, "从事……的人" secretary,

-ant, "具有…责的人" graduate

-ator, "做……的人" educator,

-ee, "动作承受者" employee, examinee

-eer, "从事于…人" engineer, volunteer

-er, 表示"从事某种职业的人, 某地区人" banker,

observer, Londoner, villager

-ese, 表示"…国人，”Japanese, Chinese

-ess, 阴性人称名词， actress, hostess,

-ian, 表示"…地方人，信仰….教的人，从事…职业的人”Christian, musician

-ist, 表示"从事…研究者，信仰…主义者" pianist,

dentist, artist, chemist

-or, 表示"…者" author, doctor, operator,

-yer, 表示" 从事……职业者” lawyer

(2). 构成，具有抽象名词的含义

-age, 表示"状态，行为，身份及其结果，总称"

courage, storage, marriage

-ance, -ence表示"性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度” importance, diligence, difference,

-ancy, -ency, 表示"性质，状态，行为，过程"

frequency, urgency,

-bility, 表示"动作，性质，状态" possibility,

-craft, 表示"工艺，技巧” woodcraft, handicraft,

statecraft（治国策）

-dom, 表示"等级，领域，状态" freedom, kingdom,

wisdom

-faction, -facture, 表示"做成，……化，作用"

satisfaction,

-hood, 表示"资格，身份, 年纪，状态" childhood,

manhood,

-ice, 表示"行为，性质，状态" notice, justice, service

-ine, "带有抽象概念" medicine,

-ing, "动作过程结果" building, writing,

-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, "行为的过程，结果，状况" action, solution, conclusion, expression,

correction

-ment, 表示"行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果

学而不思则惘，思而不学则殆

treatment, movement, judgment, punishment,

argument

-ness, 表示"性质，状态，程度" goodness, kindness, ,

friendliness

-or, "动作，性质，状态" favor, error,

-ship, 情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业hardship,

membership, friendship

-th, 表示"动作，性质，过程，状态" depth, wealth,

truth, length, growth

-tude, "性质，状态，程度" altitude

-ure, "行为，结果", pressure, failure,

-y, 表示"行为的结果，状态，性质”, history, victory,

(3) 带有场所，地方的含义

-age, 表示"住所，地点" village,

-ary, 表示"住所，场地" library,

-ory, 表示"工作场所，住处" factory, dormitory,

laboratory, observatory

(4) 带有学术，科技含义

-ology, "学论”biology, technology

-nomy, "…学术" astronomy, economy,

-ery, 表示"学科，技术" chemistry,

-y, 表示"……学，术，法” photography,

(5) 表示人和事物的总和，集合含义

-hood, neighborhood, womanhood

(6) 表示物品和物质名称的含义

-ing, clothing, matting,

-ment, instrument, equipment,

(7) 表示“细小”的含义

-ling, duckling,

-y, baby, doggy

2. 形容词后缀

（1）带有“属性，倾向，相关”的含义

-able, suitable, comfortable,

-al, natural, additional, educational

-ant, -ent, distant, important, excellent

-ar, similar, popular, regular

-ice, ical, politic, historic, physical,

-ing, moving, touching,

-ish, foolish, , selfish

-ive, active, impressive,

(2) 表示“相象，类似”的含义

-ish, boyish, childish

-like, manlike, childlike

-some, troublesome, handsome

(3) 表示“充分的”含义

-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful,

-ous, dangerous, generous, various

(4)由某种物质形成，制成或生产的

-en, wooden, golden, woolen

-fic, scientific

(5) 表示方向的含义

-ern, eastern, western

-ward, downward, forward

(6) 表示“倍数”的含义

-ble, double,

(7) 表示“数量关系”的含义

-teen, thirteen,fourteen

-ty, fifty,sixty

-th, fourth, fiftieth

(8) 表示国籍，语种，宗教的含义

-an, Roman, European

-ese, Chinese,

-ish, English, Spanish

(9) 表示“比较程度”的含义

-er, greater

-ish, reddish, yellowish

-est, highest

-most, foremost, topmost

(10)其他的含义

-less, 表示否定，countless, wireless

3. 动词后缀

-ize, ise, 表示"做成，变成， organize

-en, 表示"使成为，引起，使有” quicken, weaken,

soften,

-fy, 表示"使……化, 使成”beautify,

-ish, 表示"使，令” finish,

-ate, 表示“成为…，处理，作用” separate, operate,

4. 副词后缀

-ly, possibly, swiftly, simply

-ward, -wards, downward, upward

-ways, always, sideways,

-wise, otherwise, clockwise