什么是元音字母和辅音字母及其发音规则详解

我们常将字母分类 英语的26个字母分两种类型：一种叫元音字母，另一种叫辅音字母。元音字母 有：a，e，i，o，u五个，其余为辅音字母。

即：

元音字母

A a [ei]、

E e [i：] 、 I i [ai]、O o [au]、U u

[(j)u：]

辅音字母Hh、 Jj 、Kk 、Bb、 Cc 、Dd、 Gg 、Pp 、Tt 、Vv 、Yy、 Qq 、Ww、 [e] Ff 、Ll Mm 、Nn 、Ss 、Xx 、Zz 、[a：] Rr

详细发音表：

元音字母的发音规则

元音字母

a

位置

重读开音节

重读闭音节

非重读音节

在[w]之后

sk,ss,st,th,ch,f,nc

之前

特殊情况

e

重读开音节

重读闭音节

非重读音节

I(y)

重读开音节

重读闭音节

y在重读音节中

y在非重读音节中

nb,ld,mb前

非重读音节中

在下列单词中读作

o

重读开音节

重读闭音节

n,m,v,th前

在以ld,st,th结尾的一些词中

非重读音节

在下列单词中读

u

重读开音节

重读闭音节

非重读音节

在开音节中，在辅音字母l,r,j后

读音

[ei]

[æ]

[ə]

[i:]

[כ]

[a:]

[e]

[i:]

[e]

[ə]

[i]

[ai]

[i]

[ai]

[i]

[ai]

[ə]

[i:]

[əu]

[כ]

[۸]

[əu]

[ə]

[u:]

[ju:]

[۸]

[u]

[ə]

[u:]

cake base escape plane

fat trap flat exactly rapid dam

again camera vacation vegetable

comrade village courage

want wash what wander

master ask task class glass father path after branch advance

any many anything anybody

be these she evil

net press gently accept level

silence problem open children

effect select develop before

ripe alive wine arrive beside polite life smile surprise

quiz sick dish sing dig film miss winter picture difficlt

cycle sky shy why

city copy empty every healthy

mind kind blind find child climb

terrible horrible possible

police magazine machine technique

stone note programmed progress motor lonely smoke no joke

copy boss cloth fond long knock across common bomb

ton done come some love cover mother another other

hold fold told most almost both

official position society freedom

move prove lose whose tomb shoe do remove

use duty computer reduce rescue tube Tuesday

cup lunch bus hub

put pull push full bullet

until supply unless industry

blue rule ruler June July rude

true[u:]

busy [i]

bury[e]

minute[i]

woman[u]

women [i]

give[i]

live[i]

pyramid[i]

例词 例外

have [æ]

vase [a:]

water[כ:]

元音字母组合

ar

er

or

重读

位置 读音

[a:]

[כ:]

[ə]

[ə:]

[ə]

[כ:]

[ə:]

[ə]

[ə:]

[ə]

[ə:]

[i:]

[ai]

[aiə]

[ai]

[ei]

[i]

[ə]

[כ:]

[כ:]

[כ:l]

[כ:]

[eə]

[eə]

[כ:]

[ei]

[i]

[uə]

[ə:]

[i:]

[e]

例词

mark carve article party market March farm hard

warm warn reward war

grammar

service certain serve

worker farmer teacher

form important corner horse

work word world worth

mirror doctor forbid forget

church Thursday nurse turn return

surprise surround murmur

thirsty dirty first girl

piece thief field chief

lie tie die

wire inspire hire tire

right fight night high bright light

例外

在W后

非重读

重读

非重读

重读

在W后

非重读

ur

ir

i

ie

ire

igh

ai

重读

非重读

重读

重读音节

非重读音节

diet[aiə]

quiet[aiə]

said [e]

tailor remain grain sail praise raise brain

captain

certain

cause

walk ball all talk

always almost already although

draw dawn saw

fair affair hair upstairs

dare glare share compare careful

taught caught daughter naughty

delay play say way today

Sunday Monday

sure surely

pleasure

repeat leaf lead peace disease cream

sweater thread headache heavy breakfast

au

al

aw

air

are

augh

ay

重读音节

非重读音节

ure

重读音节

非重读音节

aunt [a:]

half [a:]

alms [a:]

are[a:]

laugh[a:f]

says [e]

u

e

ea 特殊

[ei]

[iə]

[i:]

[iə]

[ə:]

[eə]

[i]

[ju:]

[u:]

[eə]

[ei]

[i]

[ei]

[əu]

[כi]

[כi]

[u:]

[u]

great greatly break

real idea theatre

sleep freely weed steel degree

appear clear near hear dear ear

heard learn earn early search

wear bear swear pear

receive seize ceiling

few new news

blew flew threw drew

there where

grey hey obey

monkey donkey

weight eight eighty

loaf road soap coat boat

voice noise point choice

toy boy joy joyful

roof choose school shoot

took look cook stood wood good

wool[u]

foot[u]

food[u:]

flood [۸]

blood [۸]

poor[uə]

shoulder[əu]

soul[əu]

sew[əu]

here [iə]

key [i:]

broad[כ:]

abroad[כ:]

heart [a:]

ee

ear

ei

ew

ere

ey

eigh

在[l]，[r]后

重读音节

非重读音节

在其他字母前

在k，d 前

o

oa

oi

oy

oo

oor

ou

[כ:]

[au]

[۸]

[u:]

[u]

[כ:]

floor door

pound rouse mountain trousers ground thousand

couple cousin double country touch trouble

route group routine soup

could should would

fought bought brought thought

ough

though[əu]

plough [au]

cough [כf]

through[u:]

thorough[ə]

enough [۸f]

knowledge[כ]

ow

[au]

[əu]

down brown flower

bowl sow window row owner low show throw grow

辅音字母发音规则

辅音字母

b

位置 读音 例词

tomb climb doubt

bed bob big

centre city decide bicycle concert rice percent

social especial ancient

cave comfort color class cause capital cast

gift girl goal glad glass

large general orange page

sign foreign

hold heat hide hate huge

honest hour honor forehead

walk key kite

know

send save

visit desire music

past

husband salesgirl

sure sugar Russia Asia

pleasure usually occasion television

corner nine nice line

anxious think thank finger bank

strange ／n／

base ／s／

例外

在m后或在t之前 不发音

其他情况

c 在 e, i, y前

在ia,ie,io 前

在a,o,u,l 前在音节末

g 在其他字母前

在e,i,y 前

在以n结尾的词中

h 一般情况

在个别词中

k 一般情况

在n前

s 词首

在元音字母和元音字母之间

在词中清辅音前

在词中浊辅音前

在元音字母u,i前

在u,ion前

n 在其他字母前

在字母k,x,g前

x 在其他字母前

在元音字母前

／b／

／s／

／ʃ／

／k／

／g／

／dʒ／

不发音

／h／

不发音

／k／

不发音

／s／

／z／

／s／

／z／

／ʃ／

／ʒ／

／n／

／ŋ／

garage ／ʒ／

get ／g／

／ks／ except exhibition extract text

／gz／ exam example exist exactly

辅音字母组合发音规则

辅音字母组合

ch

位置

tch

th

qu

ph

ck

kn

ng

wr

wh

在其他字母前

在字母o前

tion 在词尾

在字母s后

sion

词尾

(e)s

位置

清辅音后

浊辅音或元音后

／t／后

／d／后

es

读音

／tʃ／

／k／

／ʃ／

／tʃ／

／θ／

／ð／

／kw／

／f／

／k／

／n／

／ŋ／

／r／

／w／

／h／

／ʃən／

／tʃən／

／ʒən／

读音

／s／

／z／

／ts／

／dz／

／iz／

例词

channel choose check chalk change

chemistry Christmas headache school

machine moustache

match patch snatch

think thank thing worth

with although those this

quiz question quick quite

telephone physics phrase

package pick quick back

knife know knowledge knock

something sing thing

wrong wretch wrap

wheel wheat whisper whistle white why

whole whose who whom

education station direction situation

suggestion question

decision conclusion

单词附加词尾的读音规则

例词

desks makes lamps looks

pigs radios plays

students parents

reads beds

washes boxes buses guesses taxes pages teaches houses

例外

sandwich

／ dʒ／

／ʃ／／s／／z／

／dʒ／／tʃ／后

ed

清辅音后

浊辅音或元音后

／t／／d／后

／t／

／d／

／id／

washed walked asked missed jumped

recognized called answered played copied

wanted trusted landed needed