2019-2020学年新导学同步人教版高中英语必修5_Unit 1 GrUnit 1 Period

Albert Einstein was born in Ulm，Germany in he was a boy，he liked to ask

the time he was fourteen years old，he had learned advanced mathematics all by

wanted to be a physicist and devote himself to abstract(抽象的) research.

However，his family could not pay for the advanced education that young Albert

his parents did manage to send him to a technical graduation，he went to

the pay that he received，he was later able to go on with his education at the University of Zurich，where he received a doctor’s degree in was the period when he first began the research

and studies which led to his famous “Theory of Relativity”．

Einstein cared little for once refused to speak on the radio for 1,000 a

r time he was seen using a check for 1,500 as a he lost the book!

Besides his work in physics，he spent much time working for human rights and progress.

Like many scientists，Einstein loved music；he played the violin fairly Princeton，he

lived quietly，working at the institute and enjoying himself by playing his violin in his simple

there were visitors like the twelve-year-old girl who，for a time，formed the habit of

visiting him on her way home from some time，the puzzled mother of the girl met

in and asked him what he and her daughter talked doctor smiled and explained，“Oh，she brings me cookies，and I do her arithmetic(算术) homework for her.”

Such was Albert Einstein，a simple man of great achievements.

阅读短文，判断正(T)误(F)

1．When Albert Einstein was very young，his family was very rich.( F )

2．Einstein liked music and often enjoyed himself by playing the violin.( T )

Period One Warming Up & Reading—Pre-reading

匹配左边的单词和右边的汉语意思

[第一组]

1．expert

2．physician

3．expose

4．cure

5．outbreak

答案 1.C 2.E 3.A 4.D 5.B

[第二组]

6．challenge

7．victim

8．absorb

9．suspect

10．enquiry

答案 6.D 7.A 8.B 9.C 10.E

[第三组]

11．severe

12．pump

13．foresee

14．handle

15．instruct

A．n.柄；把手；vt.处理；操纵

B．vt.预见；预知

C．vt.命令；指示；教导

D．n.泵；抽水机；vt.(用泵)抽(水)

E．adj.严重的；剧烈的；严厉的

A．n.受害者

B．vt.吸收；吸引；使专心

C．vt.认为；怀疑；n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯

D．n.挑战；vt.向……挑战

E．n.询问

A．vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光

B．n.爆发；发作(尤指疾病或战争)

C．adj.熟练的；经验或知识丰富的；n.专家；行家

D．n.治愈；痊愈；vt.治愈；治疗

E．n.医生；内科医师

答案 11.E 12.D 13.B 14.A 15.C

Step 1 Fast-reading

1．What’s the main idea of the passage?

A．The cause of cholera was polluted water.

B．John Snow was a well-known doctor in London.

C．The source of all drinking water should be examined.

D．John Snow did some research and helped to solve “King Cholera”．

答案 D

2．Read the passage and match the main idea of each paragraph.

Para.1

Para.2

Para.3

Para.4

Para.5

Para.6

Para.7

A．Offer solutions

B．Outbreak of cholera

C．Provide two control theories

D．Collect information

E．Collect results

F．Analyse the results

G．Find supporting evidence

答案 Para.1 B Para.2 C Para.3 D Para.4 E Para.5 F Para.6 G Para.7 A

Step 2 Careful-reading

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.

1．What was the key to help for John Snow’s discovery?

A．The government.

B．The woman who had moved away from Broad Street.

C．The water company.

D．The map made by himself.

答案 D

2．At last，“King Cholera” was controlled by .

A．using medicines in hospital

B．driving patients out of the country

C．dealing with the polluted water

D．getting rid of all kinds of pollution

答案 C

3．How many people died per day on average in the two streets where John Snow gathered

information?

A．Over 500.

C．Over 50.

答案 C

4．What conclusion did John Snow draw according to the evidence?

A．Cholera multiplied in the water.

B．Polluted water carried the virus.

C．A cloud of dangerous gas caused cholera.

D．Cholera could never be controlled even though its cause was found.

B．Over 100.

D．Over 25.

答案 B

Step 3 Post-reading

After reading the passage，please fill in the following blanks.

John Snow，a well-known doctor in London，became ed(inspire) when he thought

about helping ordinary people who exposed(expose) to cholera，a (dead) disease of

his thousands of people died every time there was an outbreak e no one knew

the cause of Snow wanted to help solve the got interested in two theories

ning(explain) how cholera killed believed the second theory that suggested

that people ed(absorb) the disease with their 1854，when another outbreak hit

London，he was ready test(test) the two the help of the map he made，he got a

valuable clue about the cause of the disease and was able to announce that the water was

blame(blame)．

Step 4 Sentence-learning

1．He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.

[句式分析] 该句为复合句。He became interested in two theories是主句；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词theories；how引导的从句作explained的宾语。

[自主翻译] 他对霍乱致人死亡的两种推测很感兴趣。

2．A woman，who had moved away from Broad Street，liked the water from the pump so much that

she had it delivered to her house every day.

[句式分析] 该句为复合句。主干部分是A woman liked the water，为主谓宾结构。who引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰A woman；from the pump为介词短语作定语，修饰the water；so...为结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”；句中had 中的delivered作宾语补足语，意为“让别人送水”，此处it指代the water from the pump。

[自主翻译] 有一位妇人是从宽街搬过来的，她特别喜欢从那个泵里抽出来的水，每天都要派人把那里的水运到家里来。

3．To prevent this from happening again，John Snow suggested that the source of all the water

supplies be examined.

[句式分析] 此句是复合句，动词不定式作目的状语；that引导的是宾语从句，作suggested 的宾语，此处suggest为“建议”的意思，从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用“(should＋)动词原形”，本句中从句谓语动词用了原形动词，省略了should。

[自主翻译] 为了防止这种情况再度发生，约翰·斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

Since 2000，we’ve gotten many wonderful things like smartphones and driverless

what about what we’ve lost？Let’s look at the following things.

Calculators

They are like tiny computers whose only job is to do is literally all they ，they could make some amusing swear words.8008 looks like type in 7734 and then

turn the calculator upside down and it looks like you definitely couldn’t get the

weather or your email.

The busy signal

Back in the days of landlines，calling somebody and getting a busy signal used to be

today，in an age of digital phones，we’d give anything to hear a busy signal，because

if you hear one，you have some solid person you are trying to reach is home，just

on another straight to voicemail can mean that beep-beep-beep is a reason

for hope!

Computer labs

In high schools and colleges in the past，there was a specific room where they kept all the

had his or her own then that was as absurd as saying “I could

fly commercial，but I prefer to fly my own plane.” So you went to these rooms and used one of the

computers，and then you left and you didn’t have access to a computer again until you went back

to that room！Nowadays everyone has his or her own computer.

语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文。随着科技的进步，许多东西已经不适合这个时代了，文章介绍了其中三件几乎已经过时的东西。

1．Calculators are rejected mainly because .

A．they are not easy to keep

B．they have only one function

C．they are not of good quality

D．they have the wrong weather report

答案 B

解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的介绍可知，计算器只有计算功能，偶尔可以用来拼写几个

有趣的脏话。除此之外，别无他用。由此可知，功能单一是计算器被淘汰的理由。故选B项。

2．What can we know from the last paragraph?

A．People liked to travel by air in the past.

B．Few people had time to joke with each other.

C．Few people liked to use a computer then.

D．No student had a personal computer then.

答案 D

解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“In high schools and colleges in Nobody had

his or her own computer.”可知，那个时候，没有学生拥有私人电脑。故选D项。

3．What do the three things have in common according to the passage?

A．They have nearly become out of date.

B．They have been hi-tech products.

C．They have helped develop the economy.

D．They have promoted modern technology.

答案 A

解析 推理判断题。文章介绍的这三件东西都是几乎已经过时的东西。故选A项。

B

Madame Curie，the youngest of the five children，was born in Warsaw，Poland in

Curie’s maiden name was parents were teachers，and she learned the importance of

education at a very early higher education was offered to women in Poland at that time，so

Manya took a job as a sent part of her income to Paris to help pay for her elder sister’s

medical sister qualified as a doctor and married a fellow doctor in went to

joined them in Paris，changing her name to Marie.

She entered the Sorbonne (now the University of Paris) and studied physics and mathematics，graduating at the top of her the research she wanted to do，she was introduced to another

young scientist，Pierre ，they fell in love with each other.

After she was rewarded the Nobel Prize，fame troubled Marie Curie and also her husband，because science was their world and in this world of science，fame and honor to persons had no

day when a writer for a newspaper tried to ask Marie about herself，her thoughts and her

beliefs，she answered him，“In science we must be interested in things，not in persons.” Much of

the real character and spirit of this unusual woman was found in these few words，which she was

later often to evening，at a big party，a friend asked if she would like to meet the King of

Greece，who was also a answered in her simple manner，“I don’t see the value of it.”

Then，seeing that she hurt the feeling of her friend，she quickly added，“f course，I

shall do whatever you as you please.”

语篇解读 居里夫人是一位伟大的科学家。本文简要介绍了她在成为科学家前后的生活。从她的言辞中可以看出她淡泊名利的个性和人品。

4．What did Marie Curie once do to help pay for her elder sister’s medical studies?

A．She was a teacher.

B．She was a doctor.

C．She was a tutor.

D．She was a waitress.

答案 C

解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第四句和第五句可知，居里夫人曾经做过家庭女教师，并用自己的部分收入资助姐姐上学。

5．What was valuable to Marie Curie?

A．Science and research.

B．Fame and honor.

C．Character and spirits.

D．Persons and things.

答案 A

解析 推理判断题。根据第三段首句可推知，居里夫人和她丈夫更看重科学和研究，名利对他们来说没有任何价值。

6．The writer for a newspaper was interested in .

A．things

C．Marie’s husband

答案 D

解析 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可知，给报社写稿的人试图向居里夫人了解有关她的情况，故可推知，这个人关注的是“人”。

7．What do you think might have happened between Marie Curie and the King of Greece?

A．The King was angry with Marie Curie.

B．For the sake of her friend Marie Curie met the King of Greece.

C．The King of Greece wrote a letter to invite Marie Curie to meet him.

B．Marie Curie

D．persons

D．Marie Curie held another party for the King.

答案 B

解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可推知，居里夫人不忍心伤害朋友的感情，她会顺从朋友，去见希腊国王。

C

Have you ever thought about how hats came to be？Who was the first person ever to think

“I’d like to walk about today with a fitted piece of material on my head”？

Of course，no one really knows who first invented hats or when they did was probably

one of the first prehistoric(史前的) humans who first used an animal skin to protect his head from

the sun.

Historians can prove the fact that hats have been around for a long，long fact，hats have

played an important role throughout the development of ians have found hats in

the artwork of ancient civilizations，including Egypt，Greece，Rome and China.

The first hats were probably used for special purposes，such as protection from nature and the

probably wasn’t long，though，before hats became both a fashion statement and a status

symbol.

For example，ancient artwork from Egypt reveals gods and kings wearing fancy ancient

Rome and Greece，the lowest levels of society were not allowed to wear becoming

official citizens，however，they were presented with a hat as a symbol of their newly-achieved

status.

Over the ages，hats have been made of just about every material you could think of the

first popular materials for hats was probably straw(稻草)．An ancient painting found on the wall of

a tomb in Thebes in ancient Egypt shows a man wearing a straw hat.

Today，hats can be found in millions of sock hats，baseball hats and protective

helmets to cowboy hats，it’s not uncommon to find a dozen or more different types of hats in a

typical uses today range from protection and function to status symbols and fashion

statements.

语篇解读 文章介绍了帽子的发展史。历经多年，帽子的品质发生了很多变化，时代赋予帽子的意义也变得不同。

8．The author introduces the topic of the text by .

A．telling a story

B．asking some questions

C．taking some examples

D．showing some puzzles

答案 B

解析 写作手法题。第一段中连续提出的两个问题都和帽子有关，下文便介绍了帽子的发展史。由此可推知，作者通过提问题的方式引出文章的主题。

9．Who were allowed to wear hats in ancient Greece?

A．The officials.

C．The peasants.

答案 A

解析 细节理解题。根据第五段最后两句可知，在古希腊，只有官员才可以戴帽子。

10．What kind of hats might be popular in ancient Egypt?

A．Sock hats.

B．Baseball hats.

C．The straw hats.

D．The hats made of animal skin.

答案 C

解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第二句和第三句可推知，在古埃及，受大众喜爱的可能是草帽。

11．What can be concluded from the last paragraph?

A．There are many kinds of hats now.

B．Modern hats are strange sometimes.

C．Fewer people wear hats any longer.

D．Hats are becoming more and more expensive.

答案 A

解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段首句可以推知，现在帽子的种类繁多。

Ⅱ.七选五

Scientists often see the first ten years of a child’s life as the “window of

opportunity”． 12 .And studies show that the following activities can be good for their brain

greatly.

13

Free playtime has always been an important part of “being a kid”，but it is also important to

a child’s development.“Free play” not only helps kids develop different skills，but also helps

B．The artists.

D．The customers.

them develop into happy healthy adults in the future.

Read with kids

Reading has long been known to improve children’s intelligence. 14 .For parents who

don’t have much time，just keeping your kids around books goes a long way too.

Put kids to bed early

15 .Preschool children should get at least 11 hours of sleep and kids up to age 12 should

try to get at least 10 hours of sleep.

Learn a second language

Early studies in this field have shown that bilingual(会说两种语言的) kids can perform better

under children can learn new languages with nearly perfect fluency(流利) and

pronunciation.

Praise good effort not intelligence

Your kids may be smart but you should mainly praise the effort they put into ，who

are praised on intelligence，often feel it is a fixed quality，and mistakes or failures badly hurt their

who are praised on effort often focus more on learning. 16 .

A．Play some helpful games

B．Give kids enough playtime

C．And they are not afraid to fail and try again

D．Kids still need time away from the TV to do homework

E．Kids who read often develop earlier writing and number skills as well

F．Everything at this time is very important to the development of a person’s brain

G．Studies show that kids with regular bedtimes are better at languages，math and reading

语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了人生的前十年被看作是“机会之窗”，在这个时期，每件事情都对孩子的大脑发育起重要作用。文章列举了几条有利于孩子的大脑健康发展的建议。

12．答案 F

解析 根据上句可知，科学家们常常把孩子生命的前十年看作是“机会之窗”，这说明人生的前十年很重要，F项“这个时期的每一件事情对人脑的发育都很重要”符合语境。故选F。

13．答案 B

解析 根据本段内容，尤其是“Free playtime has always been an important part of ‘being a

kid’”可知，自由玩耍的时间对孩子来说特别重要。故B项最适合作本段的小标题。故选B。

14．答案 E

解析 根据上句可知，人们很早就知道阅读有助于提高孩子的智商。E项“经常阅读的孩子也会发展早期的写作和数字技能”说明阅读对孩子有积极的影响。故选E。

15．答案 G

解析 根据下句可知，学龄前儿童每天应该有至少11个小时的睡眠，12岁的孩子应该尽量有至少10个小时的睡眠。G项“研究显示睡眠时间有规律的孩子在语言、数学和阅读方面发展得更好”与下句共同说明睡眠的重要性。故选G。

16．答案 C

解析 空前提到被表扬努力的孩子经常会把更多的精力集中在学习上，C项“而且他们不害怕失败，不害怕再次尝试”与本段中“被表扬聪明的孩子会因为错误或失败而使自信心受到打击”形成对比，符合语境。故选C。