(完整word版)会计英语期末复习资料v

09《会计英语》期末复习资料

I. Useful Phrases （短语）这个是给出中文让写英文

1. Trading securities交易性金融资产

2. Notes/accounts receivable 应收票据/帐款

3. Provision for bad debts 坏帐准备

4. Advances to suppliers 预付帐款

5. Prepaid expenses 待摊费用(考过)

6. Accrued expenses 预提费用

7. Accrued payroll 应付工资

8. Dividends payable 应付股利

9. Provision for loss on realization of inventory 存货变现损失准备

10. Available-for-sale securities 可供出售的金融资产

11. Hold-to-maturity securities 持有至到期投资

12. Long-term investment in equity 长期股权投资

13. Long-term investment maturing within one year 一年内到期的长期投资14. Receivables collectible after one year 一年以上应收款项

15. Fixed assets - cost 固定资产原价

16. Fixed assets – net book value 固定资产净值

17. Fixed assets – pending disposal 固定资产清理

18. Accumulated depreciation 累计折旧

19. Construction in progress 在建工程

20. Intangible assets 无形资产

21. Proprietary technology and patents 工业产权及专有技术

22. Deferred tax assets 递延所得税资产

23. Current liabilities 流动债务

24. Provisions for foreseeable liabilities 预计负债准备

25. Premium/discount on debentures payable 应付公司债券溢价/折价

26. Deferred tax liabilities 递延所得税负债

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27. Paid-in capital 实收资本

28. Capital/Earnings surplus 资本/盈余公积

29. Undistributed profits 末分配利润

30. Accumulated losses 累计亏损

31. Profit and loss account利润表

32. Sales discounts and allowances销售折扣与折让

33. Impairment losses of assets 资产减值损失

34. Gain/loss on changes in fair value 公允价值变动收益/损失

35. Operating profit/loss 营业利润/亏损

36. Non-operating income/expenses 营业外收入/支出

37. Net profit/loss after tax 税后净利润/亏损

38. Earnings per share (EPS) 每股收益

39. Basic/diluted EPS 基本/稀释每股收益

II. Abbreviations （缩略语）这个是给简写让你写出英语跟中文

1. GAAP : Generally Accepted Accounting Principles .公认会计原则

2. FASB : Financial Accounting Standards Board. 财务会计准则委员会

3. AICPA : American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. 美国注册会 计师协会

4. CICPA : Chinese Institute of Certified Public Accountants. 中国注册会计师协会

5. MOF : the Ministry of Finance 财政部

6. SL Method : straight-line method. 直线法 P.252/7

7. ROA : return on assets.资产报酬率 P.267/7

8. EPS : earning per share.每股收益 P.351/9

9. P/E Ratio : the price/earning ration 市盈率

10. SCF : the statement of cash flows 现金流量表

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III. Questions （回答问题）

Lesson 1 --- Home Assignments

 Discussion Questions: p.22

1. What are the four financial statements prepared by a proprietorship to

provide information for decision making? √

They are: income statement (profit and loss account), statement of owner’s equity

(capital statement, statement of retained earnings), balance sheet and cash flow

statement.

2. What is the proper formula presentation of the accounting equation? √

Assets = Liabilities + [owner’s equity + (Revenue – Expenses)]

 Exercise 1 - 2: p.23

Foreman Corporation, engaged in a service business, completed the following

selected transactions during the period: √

1) Issued additional capital stock, receiving cash;

2) Purchased supplies on account;

3) Returned defective supplies purchased on account and not yet paid for;

4) Received cash as a refund from the erroneous overpayment of an

expense;

5) Charged customers for services sold on account;

6) Paid utilities expense;

7) Paid a creditor on account;

8) Received cash on account from charge customers;

9) Paid cash dividends to stockholders;

10)

Determined the amount of supplies used during the month.

Lesson 2 --- Home Assignments



Discussion Questions: p.63

1. Does debit always mean increase and credit always mean decrease? √

No, it does not. And debit or credit should not be confused with increase or

decrease. It depends on which side of an account is used for debit or credit.

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2. Given that assets have economic value and that they have debit balances, why

do expenses also have debit balances? √

Because expenses have the effect of decreasing capital, and just as decreases in

capital are recorded as debit, increases in expense accounts are recorded as debits.

Lesson 3---Home Assignments



Answer the following questions:

1. Briefly explain the matching principle. （考过）√

The matching principle states that expenses should be deducted (matched against)

from the revenues earned in the same period.

2. Why is an unearned revenue a liability? √

Unearned revenue is a liability because the business owes the customer a good or

service.

Lesson 7---Home Assignments

1. What do determinable current liabilities include? P.291

√

They include trade accounts payable, current notes payable, current maturities of

long-term obligations, cash dividends payable, accrued liabilities, and

prepayments or deposits from customers.

2. What does non-current liabilities represent? P.306 √

It represents obligations of the firm that generally are due more than one year after

the balance sheet date.

3. What does the major portion of non-current liabilities consist of? P.306

It consists of notes and bonds payable.

Lesson 8---Home Assignments

 Answer the following questions:

1. What determines the yield rate of a company’s stock? √

Dividends per share divided by market price per share determine the yield rate of

a company‘s stock.

2. What is P/E ratio? √

The Price/Earning (P/E) ratio is the ratio of the market price per share to earnings

per share.

Lesson 9---Home Assignments

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

Answer the following questions:

1. What are the three categories into which the SCF should be classified?

They are a) cash flow from operating activities, b) cash flow from investing

activities, cash flow from financing activities. √

2. What is the usefulness of the SCF? √

From SCF, the information users can know the reasons for the difference between

net income and net cash flows from operating activities.

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IV.

E-C Translation （英汉语篇翻译）让你写中文意思

P.49/L.2

1. Preparing a Trial Balance

Accountants usually complete the posting of journal entries to the ledger

accounts at the end of each month if they are using a manual system. With a

computerized system, each posting is done automatically as each journal entry is

recorded. The equality of debits and credits in the ledger should be verified at

the end of each accounting period. To verify the accuracy of the recording

process, accountants prepare a trial balance of the ledger accounts. A trial

balance not only provides a check on the equality of debits and credits but also is

a useful summary of account balances for preparing financial statements.

[参考译文] 编制试算表（考过）

若使用的是手工录入系统的话，会计师通常是在每个月的月底完成日记帐到分类帐的过帐工作；若是用计算机系统的话，则每次过帐均在完成每笔日记帐的同时就自动完成了。在每个会计时期的期末，应对分类帐的借贷等额进行校验。会计师编制分类帐的试算表则是为了校验录入过程的准确性。试算表不但便于核对分类帐的借贷等额，而且也有助于编制会计报表时汇总各帐户余额。

P.242/L.6

2. Significant investments in the equity securities (voting stock) of another

company may also indicate significant influence and a substantive economic

relationship. To achieve a reasonable degree of uniformity, the accounting

profession concluded that an investment of 20 percent or more in the voting

stock of another company represents a “significant influence” and that equity

investment from 20 to 50 percent of the voting stock should be accounted for

using the equity method. Equity method is method of accounting whereby the

investment is initially recorded at its cost and the carrying amount of the

investment are adjusted thereafter for changes in the investor’s share of owners’

equity of the investee enterprise.

[参考译文] 对另一家公司的股权证券（即有表决权股票）所进行的重大投资，也可表明对其产生重要影响或形成某种实质性的经济关系。为了取得合理的统一度，会计行业的结论是：对另一家公司的有表决权股票的投资达到20%或以上，即代表获得某种“重要影响”，而对有表决权股票的股权投资达到20%至50%者，则应应运股权会计法。股权法是一种会计方法，即将投资先记入成本帐，而该投资的帐面余额要随投资者在投资企业的所有者权益份额的变化进行调整。

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P.250/L.6

3. Interest of loan and other related expenses for acquiring fixed assets, and the

exchange difference from conversion of foreign currency loan, if incurred before

the assets not having been put into operation or after been put into operation but

before the final account for completed project is made, shall be accounted as

fixed assets value; if incurred after that, shall be accounted for as current profit

or loss. We only can capitalize the actual interest costs incurred curing

construction. The rationale for capitalizing the actual interest costs incurred

during construction is that during construction the asset is not generating

revenues, and therefore interest costs should be deferred (capitalized). Once

construction is completed, the asset is ready for its intended use and revenues

can be earned. At this point, interest should be reported as an expense and

matched to these revenues.

[参考译文] 贷款利息以及为获得固定资产而产生的其它相关费用，还有因外币贷款转换而产生的汇率差额，如果发生于资产投入运行之前或虽然投入运行但该项已竣工程尚未最后结帐，均须以固定资产价值进行会计；如果发生在上述情况之后，则应作为当前获利或损失进行会计。我们只能将项目在建期间产生的实际利息成本转化为资本。将项目在建期间产生的实际利息成本资本化的基本原理是：该资产不能产生收益，所以，其利息成本应当递延（资本化）。而一旦建设项目竣工，该资产就可发挥预想的作用并获得收益。此刻，利息就应作为一项开支，同时要与收益相匹配。

p.291/L.7

4. Determinable current liabilities are known with certainty to exist as of the

balance sheet date, and the amount ultimately to be paid is known with certainty

or can be reasonably estimated. In most cases the existence, amounts to be paid

and due dates of determinable current liabilities are prescribed by written or

implied contracts. Therefore, the primary accounting problem related to most

determinable current liabilities is simply to be certain that they are recorded and

are properly classified in the balance sheet.

[参考译文] 可确定流动负债是由资产负债表日期来确定其存在，且最终的应付金额也可确定或可合理地加以估算。多数情况下，可确定流动负债的存在、应付金额及付款日期均由书面或默认合约加以规定。因此，针对绝大多数的可确定流动负债来说，首要的会计问题就是将它们记入资产负债表并在表中予以合理地分类。

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pp.297-298/L.7

5. Contingency is a condition that arises from past transactions or events, the

outcome of which will be confirmed only by the occurrence or non-occurrence of

uncertain future events. A contingency is involving uncertainty as to possible

asset (hereinafter a “contingent asset”) or liability (hereinafter a “contingent

liability”) to an enterprise that will ultimately be resolved when one or more

future events occur or fail to occur. Contingencies are classified as either

contingent assets or contingent liabilities.

[参考译文] 或有事项是由于往日的经济交易或经济事件所产生的一种条件；该条件的结果只能由不确定的未来经济事件的发生与否来确认。或有事项包含着企业可能拥有的资产（下称“或有资产”）或负债（下称“或有负债”）的某种不确定性，而这种不确定性将伴随一种或多种未来经济事件的发生与否而最终得以明确。或有事项可分为或有资产或或有负债。

p.358/L.8

The P/E Ratio

6. The Price/Earning (P/E) ratio, which measures investor confidence in a

company, is the ratio of the market price per share to earnings per share. The

P/E ratio in comparing the relative value placed on the earnings of different

companies and in comparing the value placed on a company’s share in relation

to the overall market. Companies with track records of rapid growth may sell at

P/E ratio higher. Companies with “flat” earnings or earnings expected to decline

in future years often sell at price-earnings ratios lower.

For example, A corporation’s earnings per share is 0.18, a stock’s market

price is $15. Then, the corporation’s price-earning ratio is as follows:

Market price per share / Earnings per share =15 / 0.18 = 83

[参考译文]

市盈率

测定投资者对于一家公司信心的市盈率，即为每股市场价与其收益之比。市盈率既可用于比较不同公司之间股价收益的相对价值，也可用于比较某单一公司股票相对于整个市场股票的价值。具备高增长业绩的公司的股票能以高市盈率出售，而收益“贫乏”或是未来若干年收益可能滑坡的公司的股价往往以较低市盈率出售。

譬如，甲公司每股收益为0.18，每股市场价是15美元，则该公司的市盈率为：

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每股市场价 / 每股收益 = 15 / 0.18 = 83

pp.397-344/L.9

7. Both the balance sheet and the income statement have a limited information

about the cash flows of an enterprise during a period. For instance, balance sheet

might show what assets have been acquired or disposed of and what liabilities

have been incurred or liquidated. The income statement provides information

about resources, but not exactly cash, provided by operations. None of these

statements presents a detailed summary of all the cash inflows and outflows, or

the sources and uses of cash during the period. To fill this need, the statement of

cash flows (also called the cash flow statement) is required.

[参考译文] 资产负债表和损益表仅提供企业在某一段会计期间内有关现金流的有限信息。例如，资产负债表可能表明企业已收购或出售什么资产，或是已发生或清算什么债务。损益表提供的是有关企业经营的资源而非现金流的信息。在该会计期间内，这些报表没有一个能提供所有的现金流入和流出，或现金来源与使用的详细总结。为了填补这方面的需要，现金流量表（也称为现金流量表）是必需的。

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