英语单词拼读规则和音标 个表

英语单词拼读规则表一，元音字母在重读音节中的读音元音字母读音谐音举例开音节/eɪ/同Aname,plane,Jane,baby,cakea闭音节/æ/bag,dad,hat,map,black,back开音节/i:/同Ehe,these,me,Chinesee闭音节/e/bed,let,pen,desk,yes,egg开音节/aɪ/同Ibike,drive,time,nice,kitei闭音节/ɪ/fish,big,drink,sit,milk,swim开音节/əʊ/同Othose,close,go,hoe,home,noo闭音节/ɔ/clock,not,box,shop,sock开音节/ju:/同Ustudent,excuse,duty,Tuesdayu闭音节/ʌ/bus,cup,jump,much,lunch注：在重读开音节中 元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s 后面时读[u:]音 例如: June blue ruler super Lucy二 元音字母在非重读音节中的读音元音字母读音举例/ə/China,another,woman,breakfasta/i//ə/hundred,student,open,weekend,chicken,childrene/i//ə//i/holiday,beautiful,family,animali/aɪ/exercise,satellite/ə/second,tonight,somebody,welcomeo/əʊ/also,zero,photo/ə/autumn,difficultu/ju:/popular,congratulation,January注1：动词中的a如果处在开音节位置 a读[ei]音 例如：operate注2：u处在开音节位置 又在辅音字母j l r s 后面是 读[ʊ]或[u:]音 例如July influence Febroary issue注3：在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母a，e，i既可以读/ə/的音，也可以读/ɪ/的音。三 元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音元音字母读音举例a在[w]音后面/ɔ/want,what,watch,wash,qualitya在f n sk ph sp ss stth前/ɑ:/after,plant,ask,grasp,glass,fast,fatherfind,child,light,highmost,postcard,old,coldcome,monkey,love,mother举例car,farm,dark,sharpenerwarm,quarter,towardsforty morning shortword worker worsecertainly bird Thursdayi在nd ld gh前/aɪ/o在st ld前/əʊ/o在m n v th前/ʌ/四，元音字组r音节在重读音节中的读音元音字母读音ar/ɑ:/ar在[w]音后面/ɔ:/or/ɔ:/or在[w]音后面/ɜ:/er ir ur/ɜ:/注1：辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如:carry，sorry，hurry。注2：r音节在非重读音节中通常读/ə/音,例如:dollar，teacher，martyr，forget，Saturday。第 1 页，共 4 页

五，元音字组re音节在重读音节中读音元音字母读音举例are/eə/care,dare,hareere/ɪə/here,mereire/aɪə/fire,hire,wireore/ɔ:/more,score,beforeure/jʊə/pure,curere/ə/centre,fibre,titre,meagre,saltpetre注1：are，ere，ire，ore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读/ə/音，例如:picture，pleasure注2：重读元音字母加r，再加非重读元字组时，重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字母r读/r/音。例如:parent，zero，story，during，inspiring。注3：某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如:orange，very，American，paragraph。六，元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字母读音举例ai/ay/eɪ/afraid,rain,wait,day,playair/eə/air,hair,chair,pair,repair在l,k前/ɔ:/small,ball,talk,wall,all,talk,al在f m前/a:/half,calm一般/ɔ:l/always,also,salt,almostau/aw/ɔ:/autumn,daughter,drawteach,easy,cheap,please/i:/heavy,bread,sweater,weatherea/e//eɪ/break,greathear,dear,near,clear,year/ɪə/bear,pear,wear,swearear/eə//ɜ:/earth,learn,earlyee/i:/jeep,week,green,threeeer/ɪə/pioneer,deer,beereight,neighbour,they/eɪ/ei/ey/i:/seize,key在j,l,r,s后/u:/flew,brew,jewelry，jeweleu/ew一般/ju:/new,few,newspaperie,ei/i:/piece,field,receiveoa/əʊ/coat,Joan,boat,goaloar/oor/ɔ:/roar,board,door,flooroi/oy/ɔɪ/noise,point,boy,toilet/u:/broom,food,tooth,school,zoooo/ʊ/book,look,cook,foot,good, footballflower,house,count,down/aʊ/know,row,throw,though/əʊ/ou/owyoung,country,enough/ʌ//u:/group,soupcourse,your,four/ɔ:/our,hour,sourour/aʊə//ɜ:/journeyoul/ʊ/would,should,could(主要是情态动词、助动词）在j，l，r，s后/u:ɪ/fluid,suicide,tuitionui一般/u:/juice,fruit,suit第 2 页，共 4 页

七，辅音字和字组（1）辅音字和字组读音/b/b不发音在e,i,y前/s/一般/k/一般/tʃ/一般/tʃ/希腊外来词/k/法语外来词/ʃ/ck/cq/k/cz/tʃ/d/d/dg(e)/dʒ/dr/dr/ds/dz//f/f/v/一般/g/在e,i,y之前/dʒ/在e,i,y之前/ʒ//f/gh不发音/g/gu/gue/gw//h/h不发音一般/dʒ/用于法国人名/ʒ/用于西班牙人名/h/k/k/kn/n/元音前/l/其他情况/ɫ/m/mn/m/一般/n/在/k/，/g/音前/ŋ/ng/ŋ/p/p/ph/f/q/k/qu/kw/r/r/rz/ʒ/词首，清辅音前/s/元音字母之间/z/sure结构或s+i/e+/ʃ/元音字母时/ʒ/举例bike,bus,bagbomb,tombface,decide,cinema，bicyclecake,picture,coat,musiccello、concertomuch,chick,rich,teacherschool,headache,chemistrymachine,moustachecock,pocket,black,knock,checque，Czechdoctor,bread,hand,daybridge,fridgechildren,driver,drinkhands（主要用于可数名词复数）five,four,breakfastofbag,garden,goorange,large,German，apology，giantgenre,massage（少数例外情况）cough,enoughlight,daughter,highguess,league,dialogue(-gue在非重读音节中)language,anguishhot,head,house,handhour,honestjeep,jar,joke,join,JuneJacquesJuanitakind,bike,skate,make,weekknife,know,knocklife,lead,lot（出现在元音前面）milk,school,tall（出现在元音后面。辅音前，辅音后(词尾)）monkey,come/autumn,column,solemnnot,shine,ten,noteuncle,thank,hungrymorning,young,wrongpaper,plane,pig,ship,penelephant,photo,telephone,graphIraqquality,quitered,rubber,rulerZabrze（扎布热）sit,sleep,desk元音字母间或浊辅音前读/z/，music,husbandensure，Asianpleasure，conclusion。第 3 页，共 4 页cchgjlns

八，辅音字和字组（2）sc在i，e和y之前schsh一般/sk//s//ʃ//ʃ//t//ʃ//tʃ//θ//ð//tr//ts//v//w/不发音/w//h//r//ks//gz//z//j//z//ʒ//ts//ʒ/scarletscenery,scienceschedule（英音′ʃedju:l）（美音′skedʒul）she,fish,shirt,washten,letter,meetpatient,nationwatchthin,thirty,methodthe,these,with,than,clothe,father,weather（在冠词、代词、介词、连词中，以及在词尾-the，-ther中tree,train,country,truckTsingtao(青岛),Tientsin(天津),pantsHertz（英音hə:z,美音hə:rts），quartzvery,voice,love,leaveweek,win,wake,sweet,waitanswer,two,swordwhat,when,white,whywho,whose,wholewritebox,text,exerciseexample,exist,exactxylophoneyes,yard,yellow,youngpuzzle,zero,zooazurepizza Nazi(意大利、德国外来词）zhoosh在弱读字母ia,ie,io前tch一般th在冠词、代词、介词、连词中tr可数名词复数ts/tz用于德国人名vwwh一般在字母o前wr在重读元音后ex+重音元音读一般yzzhtx第 4 页，共 4 页