(全)初中英语-动名词用法详解

初中英语-动名词用法详解

1. 动名词概说

动名词既具有动词的性质，又具有名词的性质，因此叫动名词。（归根结底动名词的词性是名词。）

① 动名词的动词性质表现在，它可以组成动名词短语，如：

My job is arranging the agenda for my boss.

我的工作是为老板安排日程。

I finished the project in a month by working overtime.

我靠加班在一个月内做完了这个项目。

② 动名词的名词性质表现在，它可以在句中用作主语、宾语等，如：

Studying abroad can be a good experience.

留学是一种很好的经历。(作主语)

I regret telling her the truth.

我后悔告诉她事实真相了。(作宾语)

2. 动名词的形式和特征

① 动名词的主动形式：doing

② 动名词的被动形式：being done

⑤ 动名词的复合结构：形容词性物主代词/名词所有格/名词/宾格人称代词+动名词

在动名词复合结构中，物主代词或名词所有格是动名词的逻辑主语，这种复合结构多用作主语或宾语，也可用作表语或介词宾语。当动名词短语作宾语，放在动词或介词后时，名词所有格或物主代词分别可用名词普通格或人称代词宾格代替，如：

She suggested us forgiving him.

她建议我们原谅他。(作宾语)

His not knowing English brought him a lot of inconvenience．

他不懂英语，这给他带来许多麻烦。(作主语)

Our only worry is George’s overestimating himself.

我们唯一担心的就是乔治高估了他自己。(作表语)

I strongly object to your delivering the speech.

我强烈反对你发表讲话。(作介词宾语)

3. 动名词的用法

① 动名词作主语

Retelling stories is very useful．

复述故事是很有用的。

Her resigning surprises us．

她的辞职让我们很惊讶。

在一些句子中，常用 it 作形式主语，将动名词放在句子后面。此类句型有：

1) It is + no use/no good/no fun/a great pleasure/a waste of time等名词+doing sth.

It is no good crying.

哭没有好处。

It is no use fixing.

修也没有用。

It is great fun traveling.

旅行很有趣。

It is a waste of time playing computer games.

玩电脑游戏是浪费时间。

2) It is + useless+doing sth.

It is useless crying.

哭没有用。

② 动名词作表语

Seeing is believing.

百闻不如一见。

My idea is making a plan first.

我的想法是先做一个计划出来。

③ 动名词作宾语

动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语，如：

I haven't finished reading today's newspaper．

我还没读完今天的报纸。(动名词reading作动词finish的宾语)

I'm afraid of going to the dentist．

我害怕去看牙医。(动名词going作介词of的宾语)

④动名词作定语

I would like to choose a house with a swimming pool.

我想选个带游泳池的房子。

4. 动名词与不定式的比较

① 动名词可以作介词的宾语，还可被名词所有格(或物主代词）修饰；不定式通常不作介词宾语，更不能被名词所有格(或物主代词)修饰。

She is afraid of going to the dentist．(√)

She is afraid of to go to the dentist．(×)

她害怕去看牙医。

② 固定用法

1）某些动词后只能加动名词，常见的此类动词有：admit，avoid，consider，delay，deny，enjoy，escape，finish，include，keep，miss，stop，suggest，give up 等，如：

I enjoy dancing．(√)

l enjoy to dance．(×)

我喜欢跳舞。

2）某些动词后只能加不定式，常见的此类动词有：agree，ask，claim，choose，decide，demand，determine，expect，fail，hope，manage，offer，promise，quit，refuse，resolve，wish 等，如：

l decide to quit smoking．(√)

l decide quitting smoking．(X)

我决定戒烟。

3）某些动词后面既可加动名词也可加不定式，常她的此类动词有：attempt，begin，continue，deserve，fear，forget，help，intend，learn，like，love，mean，need，prefer，regret，remember，start，try等，如：

She cannot help crying．她不禁哭了起来。

She cannot help to cook．她不能帮忙做饭。

5. 动名词固定搭配

1. consider doing sth. 考虑做某事

I consider waiting a bit longer before I give up.

2. practice doing sth. 练习做某事

practice doing this type of breathing several times per day.

3. imagine doing sth. 想象做某事

I can't imagine marrying such a woman.

4. finish doing sth. 完成做某事

Let's finish doing the work together.

5. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事

My father has given up smoking.

6. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事

I enjoy playing basketball.

7. keep doing sth. 一直做某事

I kept studying English for 1 hour yesterday evening.

8. put off doing sth. 推迟做某事

Sometimes students put off doing their homework until the last minute.

9. admit doing sth. 承认做某事

He admitted making the mistake.

10. suggest doing sth. 建议做某事

I suggest traveling abroad next month.

11. risk doing sth. 冒险做某事

To win the gamble,he risked losing 100 dollars.

12. advise doing sth. 建议做某事

He advises going to see a movie.

13. allow doing sth. 允许做某事

We don't allow smoking in the classroom.

14. avoid doing sth. 避免做某事

Try to avoid drinking and smoking.

15. appreciate doing sth. 感谢做某事

We shall appreciate hearing from you again.

16. delay doing sth. 拖延做某事

Why have you delayed writing to him

17. deny doing sth. 否认做某事

John denied signing the contract.

18. escape doing sth. 逃脱做某事

He escaped being killed.

19. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事

He dislikes dancing in public.

20. discuss doing sth. 讨论做某事

I like to discuss doing sports with my friends.

21. excuse doing sth. 原谅做某事

He can't excuse coming late for work.

22. fancy doing sth. 想象/喜爱做某事

Are you fancy buying some food with me?

23. mind doing sth. 介意做某事

Would you mind opening window?

24. mention doing sth. 提及做某事

He mentioned watching TV.

25. forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事

They forbid parking here.

26. miss doing sth. 错过做某事

The thief missed being caught yesterday.

27. prohibit doing sth. 禁止/阻止做某事

The new rules prohibit smoking.

28. permit doing sth. 允许做某事

We do not permit smoking in the office.

附赠-生活中常用的英语口语

Moving In

搬 家

Part One: Expressions

1. There’s some more out at my parents’.

我父母家里还有一些。

2. Well, do you want to go get some dinner?

哦，你要不要买些东西当晚饭吃？

3. You should save some money on parking here.

你在这儿停车就可以省些钱了。

4. It’s a pain to find parking on the street.

在街上找停车的地方真是一件痛苦的事情。

5. Most of the street parking is gone by then.

那个时候街上大多数都没有停车的地方了。

6. I can live with it.

我可以应付得来。

7. Wow, you keep this place cold.

哇，你这个地方可真凉快。

8. It’s a small price to pay to be comfortable.

要生活得舒适一点，付这点钱不算什么。

9. It is nice to come in here after a run.

跑步完之后进来这里真是不错。

10. I could never get used to it, though.

可是我却不能习惯。

Part Two: Dialogues

1. Utilities & Furniture 家具

A: This is a nice place, but you need to get some furniture.

B: I have some I can bring from our place, and there’s some more out at

my parents’.

A: Do you have a bed?

B: Yeah. I have one from college at my parents’ house.

A: Can I take a shower?B: Sure, but I don’t have hot water, yet.A: Really?

B: No, they’re coming tomorrow morning to turn the gas on. My phone

should be working then, too.

A: Well, do you want to go get some dinner?

B: Yeah, I can’t cook anything until tomorrow, anyway.

A: 这地方不错，可你得弄些家具。

B: 我住的地方可以搬一些过来，而且还有一些在我父母家里。

A: 你有床吗？

B: 有啊。我父母家有一张我大学时代就用过的床。

A: 我可以洗个澡吗？

B: 当然可以，可以还没有热水。

A: 真的吗？

B: 是呀，他们要明天才来帮我把煤气接上。电话也到时才可以用。

A: 那么，你想去买些东西当晚餐吃吗？

B: 好的，得到明天才可以自己煮。

s & Parking车库和停车

A: You should save some money on parking here.

B: Yeah, I don’t have to pay for a space on the street.

A: Really? How long did it take you to find a spot yesterday?

B: Well, last night it took me half an hour to find a spot when I came

home from work.

A: You get home late, don’t you?

B: Yeah, around seven. Most of the street parking is gone by then.

A: Ah, well. You can’t have everything.

B: Yeah. I can live with it. It’s great to be living alone.

A: 把车停在这儿可以省些钱。

B: 是呀，我不用再付钱在街上找地方停车了。

A: 是吗？你昨天找地方（停车）兜了多久了？

B: 哦，昨晚我下班回来的时候花了半小时才找到一个地方停车。

A: 你很晚才回家，是吗？

B: 是，差不多7点了。那个时候街上大都没有停车的地方了。

A: 是，可是你不可能要求事事都完美。

B: 是呀。我可以应付的。一个人住很不错。

3. Heating & Air-Conditioning 暖气和空调

A: Wow, you keep this place cold.

B: Yep. It’s cold in the summer, hot in the winter.

A: Your electricity bills must be enomp3ous.

B: Yeah, well, it’s a small price to pay to be comfortable, in my mind.

A: It is nice to come in here after a run.

B: Yeah. The central heating and air-conditioning works like a champ3.

A: I usually don’t use it unless it gets really hot. I just open up some

windows, and I’m fine.

B: My friend’s family did the same thing. I could never get used to it,

though.

A: 哇，你这个地方真够凉快的。

B: 是。冬暖夏凉。

A: 你的电费可不得了吧。

B: 是呀，可是，我觉得要住得舒适这点钱不算什么。

A: 跑步完进来这里真不赖。B: 是呀，中央冷暖系统简直妙不可言。

A: 除了真的非常热我是不会用（空调）的。就把窗户打开，这样就很好了。

B: 我朋友家里也是这样。可是我可不习惯。

Part Three: Substitution Drills1.

A: There’s some more out at my (parents’/ parents’ house/ my family’s home).

B: That’s good.我（父母家里/公寓里/家里）还有一些。这就好。

2. A: Well, do you want to go get some (breakfast/ lunch/ dinner/ a

snack)?

B: Sure.哦，你要不要买些东西当（早餐/中餐/晚餐/零食）吃？当然。

3. A: You should save (some/ a lot/ a little bit of) money on parking here.

B: Yeah.你把车停在这里可以省（一些/很多/一点）钱了。是呀。

4. A: It’s a pain (to find parking/ to park/ to find a place to park) on the

street.

B: Is it?在街上找（停车的地方/地方停车/地方泊车）真是一件痛苦的事情。是吗？

5. A: (Most/ almost all/ a great deal) of the street parking is gone by then.

B: Really?那个时候街上（大多数/几乎所有/很多）都没有停车的地方了。真的吗？

6. A: I can (live with it/ stand it/ bear it/ endure it.)

B: It’s not the end of the world.我可以（应付/忍受/忍受/吃得消）。这又不是世界末日。

7. A: Wow, you keep this place (cold/ cool/ freezing).

B: Yeah, I like it that way.哇，你这个地方真（凉快/凉爽/冷）。是呀。我喜欢这样。

8. A: (It’s a small price to pay/ I’m willing to do it) to be comfortable.

B: I see.要生活得舒适一点这点钱（不算什么/我愿意付）。是呀。

9. A: It is nice to (come in here/ take a shower/ stretch) after a run.

B: Yeah, I know what you mean.跑步完了之后（进来/洗个澡/做做伸展运动）真不错。是呀，我知道你的意思。

10.A: I could never (get used to/ grow accustomed to) it, though.

B: It’s not too bad可是我（无法习惯/不能习惯）。还不是很糟糕。