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2024年1月4日发(作者:如何用matlab处理视频)
口译笔记常用符号及缩略语
1. 常用符号
(1)数学符号
数学符号
+
-
×
√
>
<
≥
≤
=
≠
≈
Є
( )
(
)
/
∵
∴
⊥
可代替的意思
加上、和、另外、除此之外(plus, and, in addition to)
减去、缺乏/少(minus, lack, in short of/ in shortage of, etc)
错误、不、坏的(wrong/incorrect,something bad,notorious,negative, not, etc.)
对的、好的、积极的,表示赞成(correct, good, positive, affirmative)
多于、超过(bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, surpass, superior to, etc.)
少于、不如、逊色于(less/smaller/fewer than, worse than, inferior to, etc.)
大于或等于、不少于(more than or equal to, no less than)
小于或等于、不多于(less than or equal to, no more than)
同等、相当于、一致、公平 (means,that is to say,in other words,the same as,be equal to)
也表示“对手”的概念(a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.)
不同于(be different from, etc. );表示“无敌”概念(matchless, peerless, etc.)
大约 (about/around, approximately, or so, etc.)
属于(belong to)
在……之间 (among, within, etc. );包括、包含、涉及、组成(include, within, contain, consist,
compose, constitute, cover, enclose)
表示“并列”的关系
否定、消除 (cross out, eliminate, etc.)
由于、因为、幸亏(because, due to, thanks to, as, owing to)
所以、因此、结果是(so, therefore, as a result, consequently)
在……基础上(based on),影响、效果、压力、负担(influence, effect, impact, pressure, stress,
burden, load)
表示“总值”(total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, etc. )
(2)标点符号
标点符号
:
可代替的意思
表示各种各样“说”或“想”的动词,如
1) meet, view, see, look, observe, watch, glance, stare, notice, glimpse, scan, skim, perceive,
witness, discover, gaze, catch sight of;
2) speak, say, state, tell, announce, maintain, claim, disclaim, affirm, address, declare, suggest,
imply, mention, speech, talk, lecture, dialogue, conversation, elaboration, explain, outline,
interview, assert, express, proclaim, argue, promulgate, utter, acknowledge, inform, confess,
impart, notify, introduce, report, broadcast, define;
3) think, consider, regard, ponder, conceive perceive, suppose, imagine, mediate, reckon,
deliberate, speculate, contemplate;
4) comment, criticize, remark, appreciate, evaluate;
5) understand, comprehend, recognize, feel, reflect, show, demonstrate, display, mirror, indicate,
mean, reveal
问题、疑问(question,issue,doubt)例如,台湾问题:tw? 也可表示“问”(ask)
question, problem, issue, inquiry, interrogate, ask, puzzle, query, confused, mystery, bewildered
1
•(dot) 位置不同表示的概念也不一样,如“·d”表示yesterday,“·y”表示last year, “·2m”表示two
months ago。“y”表示this year, “2y · ” two year later. “next week”, 可以表示为“wk · ”
!(感叹号) 用来引起注意,表示“危险”、“警告”、“当心”或者“值得注意的是”
1) dangerous, warning, alarming, alert, hazardous, perilous, jeopardy, watch out
2) sure, certainly, of course
“ ” 所谓的(so called)
(3)图形符号
图形符号
∥
☆
可代替的意思
表示转折(but, however, although, nevertheless)
重要的,突出的,伟大的
1) important, significant, key, crucial, critical, meaningful, essential, decisive, eventful, influential,
substantial, consequential, principle, of great importance;
2) outstanding, distinguished, marked, remarkable, notable, excellent, perfect, eminent, famous,
well-known, well-recognized, great, prominent, prestigious, extraordinary, glorious, noteworthy,
grand, magnificent;
3) wonderful, terrific, fantastic, fabulous marvelous;
4) chief, primary, main, major, dominant, overwhelming, most
表示“强调”
emphasize, stress, focus, underscore, underline, accentuate, highlight, attach great importance to,
lay stress on, pay attention to
表示“人”(person, people),因为它看起来像个人头。一般不单独用,而是用在单词、符号或者字母的右上角,比如“中国人”可以写成“中˚”,“美国人”(US˚),“政客/政治家”(政˚),“老师”(T˚或者教˚)
因为看起来像圆形的会议桌,所以常用来表示“会议、开会、讨论或谈判”等,或者会议性的机构。
conference, symposium, convention, session, forum, seminar, council, congress, meeting,
assembly, gathering, committee, commission, association, union, senate, parliament, convocation,
discussion, negotiation
全部,整个的,所有的,完整的,彻底的
whole, total, overall, general, entire, gross, universal, integral, unification, on the whole, all in all
国家、民族(country, state, nation, republic, kingdom, federal, union)
因形状看起来像酒杯,表示值得庆祝的“协议”、“协定”、“条约”或“合同”(agreement,
accord, treaty, contract)。因此,“双边协议”、“三边协议”或者“多边协议”就可以分别在∪里面加上2、3或者m(多)。
表示“金钱”、“财富”(money, wealth)
交流、交换、关系、相互的(communication, relationship, relation, partnership, interrelation,
communicate, exchange, interchange, interact, each other)
和、与(and, together with, along with, accompany, along with, etc.
表示“结束”(end, stop, halt, bring sth to a standstill /stop, etc.)
加在动词下表示“将来的动作”;加在表示时间的数字下面表示“……以来”(since…)
加在动词下表示“过去的动作”、“……过”或“……了”;加在表示时间的数字下面表示“过去……年/月天(last, past)”
顶点,顶级;领导
1) top, head, tip, peak, uttermost, maximum, climax, supreme, crown;
2
˚
○
∪
$
∞
&
#
∟
∧
2) leader, head(man), director, chancellor, boss, manager, officer, captain, king, queen, emperor,
empress, majesty, dictator, ruler, commander, governor, mayor, administrator, supervisor, monitor,
minister
﹋
曲折的、不平坦的;或者名词“道路”
1) curve, frustration, bumpy, twists and turns
2) way, approach, road
悲伤,不愉快,不高兴(sad, unhappy, sorry, regretful, unpleasant, etc)
高兴,荣幸,愉快(glad, happy, pleasant, pleasure, joy, pleased, honored, etc)
1) many, much, numerous, uncountable, countless, enormous, abundant, mass, considerable,
innumerable, a great deal, a great number of, a lot of, lots of, quantities of, plenty of
2) last, continue, go, constant, consecutive, continuous, persist, endless, everlasting, eternal,
frequent, permanent, keep on, all along, for ever
剧烈的,猛烈的
dramatic, sharp, huge, great, fierce, etc
☺
…
(类似该符号的闪电符号)
(4)箭头符号
箭头符号
可代替的意思
表示“到……方向去”、“出口到”、“到达”、“提交”或者“导致”(go to/into,arrive at/in,give to,send to,present to, lead to, result in, cause, in the direction of, submit to,
etc.)
表示“来自于”、“从……进口”(be/come from,return,receive from, import from, etc.)或者表示“追溯到”(come/go back to,originate)
表示“上升”、“发展”、“增加”、“加强”、“上涨”等(up/upward/rise, advance, arise,
ascend, boost, bring up, climb, develop, elevate, escalate, enhance, exalt, go up, grow, give
boost to, heighten, improve, increase, lift, nourish, promote, roar, raise, rise, strengthen, stand
up, update, upgrade, etc.)
表示“减少”、“下降”、“降低”、“贬值”等(cut down, decline, decrease, descend, devalue,
degrade, devaluate, depreciate, diminish, drop to, fall, go down, lower, lessen, reduce, sink,
weaken)
越来越多/高/好(more and more, higher and higher, stronger and stronger, etc)
越来越少/低/差(fewer and fewer, less and less, lower and lower, etc)
1) influence, effect, affect, impact, have bearing on
2) pressure, stress, burden, load
☺
↓
2. 常用缩略语:
(1)英文字母
英文字母
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
可代替的单词
but但是(也可以用符号 // 表示)
century世纪,如“21世纪”可以写成21c
day天
economy, economic, economics经济
finance, financial金融
government政府
hour小时,希望
3
英文字母
n
p
r
s
t
u
v
可代替的单词
取汉语俚语“n多”,很多个(many, much, several)
politics, party政治,政党,政权
reform改革
science科学
technology技术,ST常一起用
you你,你们
victory胜利,成功
I
m
K
我
month月
W
Y
week星期
year年
Korea朝鲜,竖线上面划一横线,表示北朝鲜,下边划一横线表示南朝鲜(韩国)
(2)保留前几个字母
缩略形式
ASAP
AMAP
Co
com
comu
cert
edu
eg
esp
可代替的单词
as soon as possible
as much/many as possible
company, corporation公司
community社区,社团,社会
communication交流
certificate证书
education教育
for example举例
especially尤其
缩略形式
ind
info
infra
I/O
tel
tr
max
min
individual个人
information信息
infrastructure基础设施
In stead of
telephone电话
trade贸易
maximum最多
minimum最少
(3)拿掉所有元音
缩略形式
ACPT
AD
ADS
DEPT
MKT
MGR
(4)根据发音
缩略形式
U
UR
(5)惯用缩写
缩略形式
cf
vs
i.e
compare比较
against
that is to say
可代替的单词
You
Your
可代替的单词 缩略形式
THO
THRU
though
through
可代替的单词
accept
advertisement
address
department
market
manager
可代替的单词 缩略形式
MSG
RCV
RM
STD
TKS
tx
WK
message
receive
room
standard
Thanks
tax税收
week
可代替的单词
BZ(或biz) business
(6)保留每个单词的首字母
缩略形式
SOE
NPC
PC
APEC
WTO
IT
4
可代替的单词
State-owned Enterprise国有企业
National People’s Congress人民代表大会
press conference记者招待会
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation亚太经济合作组织
World Trade Organization世界贸易组织
World Tourism Organization
Information Technology
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