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2024年1月4日发(作者:如何用matlab处理视频)

口译笔记常用符号及缩略语

1. 常用符号

(1)数学符号

数学符号

+

×

>

<

=

Є

( )

(

)

/

可代替的意思

加上、和、另外、除此之外(plus, and, in addition to)

减去、缺乏/少(minus, lack, in short of/ in shortage of, etc)

错误、不、坏的(wrong/incorrect,something bad,notorious,negative, not, etc.)

对的、好的、积极的,表示赞成(correct, good, positive, affirmative)

多于、超过(bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, surpass, superior to, etc.)

少于、不如、逊色于(less/smaller/fewer than, worse than, inferior to, etc.)

大于或等于、不少于(more than or equal to, no less than)

小于或等于、不多于(less than or equal to, no more than)

同等、相当于、一致、公平 (means,that is to say,in other words,the same as,be equal to)

也表示“对手”的概念(a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.)

不同于(be different from, etc. );表示“无敌”概念(matchless, peerless, etc.)

大约 (about/around, approximately, or so, etc.)

属于(belong to)

在……之间 (among, within, etc. );包括、包含、涉及、组成(include, within, contain, consist,

compose, constitute, cover, enclose)

表示“并列”的关系

否定、消除 (cross out, eliminate, etc.)

由于、因为、幸亏(because, due to, thanks to, as, owing to)

所以、因此、结果是(so, therefore, as a result, consequently)

在……基础上(based on),影响、效果、压力、负担(influence, effect, impact, pressure, stress,

burden, load)

表示“总值”(total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, etc. )

(2)标点符号

标点符号

可代替的意思

表示各种各样“说”或“想”的动词,如

1) meet, view, see, look, observe, watch, glance, stare, notice, glimpse, scan, skim, perceive,

witness, discover, gaze, catch sight of;

2) speak, say, state, tell, announce, maintain, claim, disclaim, affirm, address, declare, suggest,

imply, mention, speech, talk, lecture, dialogue, conversation, elaboration, explain, outline,

interview, assert, express, proclaim, argue, promulgate, utter, acknowledge, inform, confess,

impart, notify, introduce, report, broadcast, define;

3) think, consider, regard, ponder, conceive perceive, suppose, imagine, mediate, reckon,

deliberate, speculate, contemplate;

4) comment, criticize, remark, appreciate, evaluate;

5) understand, comprehend, recognize, feel, reflect, show, demonstrate, display, mirror, indicate,

mean, reveal

问题、疑问(question,issue,doubt)例如,台湾问题:tw? 也可表示“问”(ask)

question, problem, issue, inquiry, interrogate, ask, puzzle, query, confused, mystery, bewildered

1

•(dot) 位置不同表示的概念也不一样,如“·d”表示yesterday,“·y”表示last year, “·2m”表示two

months ago。“y”表示this year, “2y · ” two year later. “next week”, 可以表示为“wk · ”

!(感叹号) 用来引起注意,表示“危险”、“警告”、“当心”或者“值得注意的是”

1) dangerous, warning, alarming, alert, hazardous, perilous, jeopardy, watch out

2) sure, certainly, of course

“ ” 所谓的(so called)

(3)图形符号

图形符号

可代替的意思

表示转折(but, however, although, nevertheless)

重要的,突出的,伟大的

1) important, significant, key, crucial, critical, meaningful, essential, decisive, eventful, influential,

substantial, consequential, principle, of great importance;

2) outstanding, distinguished, marked, remarkable, notable, excellent, perfect, eminent, famous,

well-known, well-recognized, great, prominent, prestigious, extraordinary, glorious, noteworthy,

grand, magnificent;

3) wonderful, terrific, fantastic, fabulous marvelous;

4) chief, primary, main, major, dominant, overwhelming, most

表示“强调”

emphasize, stress, focus, underscore, underline, accentuate, highlight, attach great importance to,

lay stress on, pay attention to

表示“人”(person, people),因为它看起来像个人头。一般不单独用,而是用在单词、符号或者字母的右上角,比如“中国人”可以写成“中˚”,“美国人”(US˚),“政客/政治家”(政˚),“老师”(T˚或者教˚)

因为看起来像圆形的会议桌,所以常用来表示“会议、开会、讨论或谈判”等,或者会议性的机构。

conference, symposium, convention, session, forum, seminar, council, congress, meeting,

assembly, gathering, committee, commission, association, union, senate, parliament, convocation,

discussion, negotiation

全部,整个的,所有的,完整的,彻底的

whole, total, overall, general, entire, gross, universal, integral, unification, on the whole, all in all

国家、民族(country, state, nation, republic, kingdom, federal, union)

因形状看起来像酒杯,表示值得庆祝的“协议”、“协定”、“条约”或“合同”(agreement,

accord, treaty, contract)。因此,“双边协议”、“三边协议”或者“多边协议”就可以分别在∪里面加上2、3或者m(多)。

表示“金钱”、“财富”(money, wealth)

交流、交换、关系、相互的(communication, relationship, relation, partnership, interrelation,

communicate, exchange, interchange, interact, each other)

和、与(and, together with, along with, accompany, along with, etc.

表示“结束”(end, stop, halt, bring sth to a standstill /stop, etc.)

加在动词下表示“将来的动作”;加在表示时间的数字下面表示“……以来”(since…)

加在动词下表示“过去的动作”、“……过”或“……了”;加在表示时间的数字下面表示“过去……年/月天(last, past)”

顶点,顶级;领导

1) top, head, tip, peak, uttermost, maximum, climax, supreme, crown;

2

˚

$

&

#

2) leader, head(man), director, chancellor, boss, manager, officer, captain, king, queen, emperor,

empress, majesty, dictator, ruler, commander, governor, mayor, administrator, supervisor, monitor,

minister

曲折的、不平坦的;或者名词“道路”

1) curve, frustration, bumpy, twists and turns

2) way, approach, road

悲伤,不愉快,不高兴(sad, unhappy, sorry, regretful, unpleasant, etc)

高兴,荣幸,愉快(glad, happy, pleasant, pleasure, joy, pleased, honored, etc)

1) many, much, numerous, uncountable, countless, enormous, abundant, mass, considerable,

innumerable, a great deal, a great number of, a lot of, lots of, quantities of, plenty of

2) last, continue, go, constant, consecutive, continuous, persist, endless, everlasting, eternal,

frequent, permanent, keep on, all along, for ever

剧烈的,猛烈的

dramatic, sharp, huge, great, fierce, etc

(类似该符号的闪电符号)

(4)箭头符号

箭头符号

可代替的意思

表示“到……方向去”、“出口到”、“到达”、“提交”或者“导致”(go to/into,arrive at/in,give to,send to,present to, lead to, result in, cause, in the direction of, submit to,

etc.)

表示“来自于”、“从……进口”(be/come from,return,receive from, import from, etc.)或者表示“追溯到”(come/go back to,originate)

表示“上升”、“发展”、“增加”、“加强”、“上涨”等(up/upward/rise, advance, arise,

ascend, boost, bring up, climb, develop, elevate, escalate, enhance, exalt, go up, grow, give

boost to, heighten, improve, increase, lift, nourish, promote, roar, raise, rise, strengthen, stand

up, update, upgrade, etc.)

表示“减少”、“下降”、“降低”、“贬值”等(cut down, decline, decrease, descend, devalue,

degrade, devaluate, depreciate, diminish, drop to, fall, go down, lower, lessen, reduce, sink,

weaken)

越来越多/高/好(more and more, higher and higher, stronger and stronger, etc)

越来越少/低/差(fewer and fewer, less and less, lower and lower, etc)

1) influence, effect, affect, impact, have bearing on

2) pressure, stress, burden, load

2. 常用缩略语:

(1)英文字母

英文字母

b

c

d

e

f

g

h

可代替的单词

but但是(也可以用符号 // 表示)

century世纪,如“21世纪”可以写成21c

day天

economy, economic, economics经济

finance, financial金融

government政府

hour小时,希望

3

英文字母

n

p

r

s

t

u

v

可代替的单词

取汉语俚语“n多”,很多个(many, much, several)

politics, party政治,政党,政权

reform改革

science科学

technology技术,ST常一起用

you你,你们

victory胜利,成功

I

m

K

month月

W

Y

week星期

year年

Korea朝鲜,竖线上面划一横线,表示北朝鲜,下边划一横线表示南朝鲜(韩国)

(2)保留前几个字母

缩略形式

ASAP

AMAP

Co

com

comu

cert

edu

eg

esp

可代替的单词

as soon as possible

as much/many as possible

company, corporation公司

community社区,社团,社会

communication交流

certificate证书

education教育

for example举例

especially尤其

缩略形式

ind

info

infra

I/O

tel

tr

max

min

individual个人

information信息

infrastructure基础设施

In stead of

telephone电话

trade贸易

maximum最多

minimum最少

(3)拿掉所有元音

缩略形式

ACPT

AD

ADS

DEPT

MKT

MGR

(4)根据发音

缩略形式

U

UR

(5)惯用缩写

缩略形式

cf

vs

i.e

compare比较

against

that is to say

可代替的单词

You

Your

可代替的单词 缩略形式

THO

THRU

though

through

可代替的单词

accept

advertisement

address

department

market

manager

可代替的单词 缩略形式

MSG

RCV

RM

STD

TKS

tx

WK

message

receive

room

standard

Thanks

tax税收

week

可代替的单词

BZ(或biz) business

(6)保留每个单词的首字母

缩略形式

SOE

NPC

PC

APEC

WTO

IT

4

可代替的单词

State-owned Enterprise国有企业

National People’s Congress人民代表大会

press conference记者招待会

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation亚太经济合作组织

World Trade Organization世界贸易组织

World Tourism Organization

Information Technology


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