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2024年1月5日发(作者:墨茶是哪里人)

英语国际音标表(48个)

元音(20个)

短元音

长元音

双元音

轻辅音

浊辅音

轻辅音

浊辅音

鼻音

半元音

边音

[əe] [e] [i] [۸[ ]כ] [u] [ə]

[i:] [כ:] [a:] [u:] [ə:]

[ei] [ai] [əu] [au] [כi] [iə] [eə] [uə]

辅音(28个)

[p] [ t] [ k] [f]

[b] [d] [g] [v]

[θ] [s]

[ð] [z]

[ʃ] [ h] [ts] [tʃ] [tr]

[ʒ] [ r] [dz] [dʒ] [dr]

[m]

[ j ]

[ ǀ ]

[n ] [ŋ]

[ w ]

26个英文字母及发音音标如下

A a /ei/, B b /bi:/, C c /si:/

D d /di:/, E e /i:/ , F f /ef/

G g /dʒi:/, H h /eit∫/, I i /ai/

J j /dʒei/, K k /kei/, L l /el/

M m /em/, N n /en/, O o /əu/

P p /pi:/, Q q /kju:/, R r /ɑ:/

S s /es/, T t /ti:/, U u /ju:/

V v /vi:/ , W w /′dʌblju:/, X x /eks/

Y y /wai/, Z z /zi:/, /zed/

英语字母中有一些含有共同的元音音素.如:

1)含元音音素/ei/

字母: Aa ,Hh , Jj ,Kk

音标: /ei/ /eit∫/ /dʒei/ /kei/

2) 含元音音素/i:/

字母: Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee ,Gg, Pp, Tt, Vv

音标: /bi:/ /si:/ /di:/ /i:/ /dʒi:/ /pi:/ /ti:/ /vi:/

3) 含元音音素/e/

字母: Ff ,Ll ,Mm, Nn ,Ss, Xx, Zz

音标: /ef/ /el/ /em/ /en/ /es/ /eks/ /zed/

4) 含元音音素/ju:/

字母: Uu , Qq, Ww

音标: /ju:/ /kju:/,

/′dʌblju:/

5) 含元音音素/ai/

字母: Ii , Yy

音标: /ai/, /wai/

3. 字母的书写和笔顺

1)书写时,每个字母都应自左向右倾斜5度.大写字母都一样高,占上、中两格,但不顶第一线;

2)词与词之间一般空出小写字母a的宽度为宜;

3)字母要按一定的笔划顺序书写,其书写笔顺如下;(请注意书写的格式和大小写的区别)

英语音标及字母组合对照

一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音

元音字母

在开音节中

a

在闭音节中

e 在开音节中

[æ] bag dad hat map black back 1-02

1-03 [i:] he these me Chinese

读 音 例 词 编 号

1-01 [ei] name plane Jane baby cake

在闭音节中

在开音节中

i

在闭音节中

在开音节中

o

在闭音节中

在开音节中

u

在闭音节中

[e] bed let pen desk yes egg 1-04

1-05

1-06

1-07

1-08

1-09

1-10

1-11

[ai] bike fly drive time nice kite

[i] fish big drink sit milk swim

[ou] those close go hoe home no

[] clock not box shop sock

[ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday

[] bus cup jump much lunch

在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音,例如:June blue ruler

super

二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音

元音字母

a

[i]

[]

e

[i]

[]/[i]

i

[ai]

[]

o

[u]

[]

u

[ju:] popular congratulation January

also zero photo

autumn diffcult

exercise satellite

second tonight somebody welcome

chicken pocket begin children

holiday beautiful family animal

orange comrade village cabbage

hundred student open weekend

读 音

[]

例 词

China another woman breakfast

编 号

2-01

2-02

2-03

2-04

2-05

2-06

2-07

2-08

2-09

2-10

2-11

1 动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[ei]音,例如:operate 2 u处在开音节位置,

又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读[u(:)]音,例如:July influence February issue 2-12

在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母a e i 即可以读作[]音,也可以读作[i]音。

三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音

元音字母

a在[w]音后面

读 音

[]

例 词

want what watch wash quality

编 号

3-01

a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前

i在-nd -ld和gh前

o在-st -ld前

o在m n v th前

[α:]

after plant graph ask grasp glass fast

father

3-02

3-03

3-04

3-05

[ai] find child light high

[ou] most postcard old cold

[] come monkey love mother

四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组

ar

ar在[w]音后面

or

or在[w]音后面

er ir ur

读 音 例 词 编 号

4-01

4-02

4-03

4-04

4-05

4-06

[α:] car farm dark sharpener

[:] warm quarter towards

[:] forty morning short

[:] word worker worse

[:] certainly bird Thursday

辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如: carry sorry hurry

-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[]音,例如:dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday 4-07

五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组

are

ere

ire

ore

ure

读 音

[ε]

[i]

[ai]

[:]

[ju]

care dare hare

here mere

fire hire wire

more score before

pure cure

例 词 编 号

5-01

5-02

5-03

5-04

5-05

5-06

are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读[]音,例如:picture pleasure

重读元音字母加Rr,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母Rr读[r]音。例如:parent zero story during inspiring

某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如:orange very American

paragraph

5-07

5-08

六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组

ai/ay

air

al

al在f m前

au/aw

读 音

[ei]

[ε]

[]

[:l]

[α:]

[:]

[i:]

ea [e]

[ei]

[i]

ear [ε]

[:]

ee

eer

ei/ey

[i:]

eu/ew在

j l r s后

ie/ei[s]音之后

oa

oar/oor

oi/oy

oo

[u]

[au]

[ou]

ou/ow

[]

[u:]

young country enough

group you soup

6-27

6-28

book look cook foot good

flower house count down

know row throw though

6-24

6-25

6-26

[ju:]

[u:]

[i:]

[ou]

[:]

[i]

[u:]

either key

new few newspaper

flew brew jewelry

piece field receive

coat Joan boat goal

roar board door floor

noise point boy toilet

broom food tooth school

6-16

6-17

6-18

6-19

6-20

6-21

6-22

6-23

[i:]

[i]

[ei]

例 词

afraid rain wait day play

air hair chair pair repair

small ball talk wall all

always also salt almost

half calm

autumn daughter draw

teach easy cheap please

heavy bread sweater weather

break great

hear dear near clear year

bear pear wear swear

earth learn early

jeep week green three

pioneer deer beer

eight neighbour they

编 号

6-01

6-02

6-03

6-04

6-05

6-06

6-07

6-08

6-09

6-10

6-11

6-12

6-13

6-14

6-15

[:]

our [au]

[:]

ui

在j l r s后

[ju:i]

[u:]

course your four

our hour ours

journey

fluid suicide tuition

juice fruit suit

6-29

6-30

6-31

6-32

6-33

七、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音

元音字组或字群

ai/ay ei/ey

ow

读 音

[i]

例 词

Sunday foreign monkey

编 号

7-01

7-02

7-03

7-04

7-05

7-06

7-07

7-08

7-09

7-10

[ou] yellow sparrow tomorrow

元音字组在非重读音节中读[]音或[i]。例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit

coffee

-sion -tion

-sion在元音字母后

-tion在s后

-sten

-stle

-sure

-ture

八、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音

复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。

例如: everyday[ei] handbag[æ] blackboard[:]

有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。

例如:

sun太阳 + day[ei]日子 > Sunday[i] 星期天

holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 > holiday[i] 假日

break中断 + fast[α:]斋戒 > breakfast[] 早餐

cup茶杯 + board木板[:] > cupboard[] 碗柜

[n] impression nation

[n] vision decision occasion

[n] question suggestion

[sn] listen

[sl] whistle

[[] pleasure measure

] picture culture

8-01

8-02

九、辅字组的读音

辅字组

b

[/]

c

c在e前或在i/y前

[k]

[s]

bomb tomb

cake picture coat music

face decide cinema

9-02

9-03

9-04

9-05

9-06

9-07

9-08

9-09

9-10

9-11

9-12

9-13

9-14

9-15

9-16

9-17

9-18

9-19

9-20

9-21

9-22

9-23

9-24

9-25

9-26

9-27

读 音

[b]

例 词

bike bus bag

编 号

9-01

[] much chick rich teacher

ch [k]

[-ck

d

-dge

dr-

f

g

g在e i/y前

gh

[/]

gu- -gue

gu在非重读音节中

h

[/]

j

k

kn-

l

m

-mn

n

hour honest

[] jeep jar joke join July

[k]

[n]

[l]

[m]

[m]

[n]

kind bike skate make week

knife know knock

life milk school tall

monkey come autumn

autumn column solemn

not shine ten note

[]

light daughter high

guess league dialogue

school headache chemistry

] machine Chicago

cock pocket black knock

doctor bread hand day

[k]

[d]

[] bridge fridge

[dr] children driver drink

[f] five four breakfast

[] bag gardon go

[] orange large German

[f] cough enough

[w] language anguish

[h] hot head house hand

n在[k] [g]音前

-ng

p

ph

q

qu-

r

s在词首或清辅音前

元音字母间或浊辅音前

sc-

[]

[]

[p]

[f]

[k]

uncle thank hungry

morning young wrong

paper plane pig ship pen

elephant photo telephone

Iraq

9-28

9-29

9-30

9-31

9-32

9-33

9-34

9-35

9-36

9-37

9-38

9-39

9-40

9-41

9-42

9-43

9-44

9-45

9-46

9-47

9-48

9-49

9-50

9-51

9-52

9-53

9-54

9-55

9-56

[kw] quality quite

[r]

[s]

[z]

red rubber ruler

sit sleep desk

music husband

[sk] scarlet

[s]

sh

t在通常情况下

在弱读字母ia ie io前

tch

th在通常情况下

在冠词 代词 介词 连词中

在词尾-the -ther中

tr-

v

w

[/]

wh-

wh-在字母o前

x

在重读元音前

wr-

y-

z

[w]

[h]

answer two

what when white why

who whose whole

muscle science

[] she fish shirt wash

[t] ten letter meet

[] patient nation

[] watch

[θ] thin thirty method

[]

[]

the these with than

clothe father weather

[tr] tree train country truck

[v]

[w]

very voice love leave

week win wake sweet wait

[ks] box text exercise

[gz] examle exist exact

[r]

[j]

[z]

write

yes yard yellow young

puzzle zero zoo

十、英语语音名词解释

1.音节 以元音为主体构成的发音单位,一般说来元音发音响亮,可以构成音节,辅音发音不响亮,不能单独构成音节([m] [n] [] [l]例外)。从单词拼写形式上看,有几个元字组就有几个音节。

2.音节的划分 ①在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时,一个辅字组属于前面的音节,一个属于后面的音节。

例如:let-ter mem-ber chil-dren daugh-ter

②在两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时,如果前面音节里的元音是长音则辅字组属于后面一个音节,如果前面一个音节里的元音是短音,则辅字组属于前面一个音节。

例如:长音 pa-per stu-dent fa-ther ze-ro mo-tor far-ther

短音 sev-en stud-y moth-er ver-y mod-le weath-er

3.重读音节 单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时,应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节,标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。

4.开音节 ①绝对开音节:单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节。例如:no blue

ba-by stu-dent se-cret.

②相对开音节:单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母,再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。例如:name these bike home ex-cuse.

5.闭音节 单个元音字母后面有辅字组(r w y 除外)且以辅字组结尾的重读音节。例如:bag egg fish not cup

6.双音节词重读规则 双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。

例如:´stu-dent ´Chi-na ´sec-ond ´au-tumn in-´deed

含有a- be- de- re- in- ex- 等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。双0-06

0-05

0-04

0-03

0-02

0-01

音节词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变。例如:

a´bout be´fore ex´cuse re´pair for-´get-ful in-´ven-tor

7.多音节词重读规则 多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。

例如:´el-e-phant con-grat-u-´la-tion

词尾有-ic或-tion,-sion的词,在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读。例0-07

如:scien´tific im´pression ´nation

谢谢您的使用!


本文标签: 元音 音节 字母 读音节