英语名词单数变复数的规则

英语名词单数变复数的规则

---根据多位名师的学习和教学笔记总结得出---总结人：陈祥波 09.11.23 第 1 页 共 5 页

英语名词单数变复数有以下规则

一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。

读音变化：结尾是清辅音读[s]，结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。

例：friend→friends; cat→cats; style→styles; sport→sports; piece→pieces

二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。

读音变化：统一加读[iz]。 例：

bus→buses; gas, ass驴子 class、 actress地址; dress女装、连衣裙;waitress（女侍者）

quiz→quizzes（测验） fox→ box

match比赛; branch树枝 coach教练/长途车 watch手表 sandwich三明治

flash动漫; lash鞭子;toothbrush牙刷lash鞭子

三、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y改变为i，再加-es。 读音变化：加读[z]。

例：candy→candies; daisy（雏菊）→daisies; fairy→fairies; lady→ladies; story→stories

strawberry →strawberries; baby →babies; puppy →puppies; library →libraries; dictionary →dictionaries; cherry →cherries; activity →activities

可是，如果名词结尾是一个母音(vowel，就是a,e,i,o,u)加一个y，那只要在单

数词后加一个s就成了 play - plays way、valley 山谷、donkey驴、monkey猴子、toy

玩具、boy 男孩、guy人、家伙

四、以-o结尾的名词:

1、.一般情况下加-es；tomato→tomatoes; potato→potatoes; torpedo(鱼雷)→torpedoes; bingo（彩票式游戏）→bingoes

2、外来词或缩写，就加-s构成复数。piano→pianos（外来词）、macro（宏指令，计机算语言）→macros（缩写词）; mulatto mulattos 白黑混血儿（外来词）

3、 有生命的加es； 4、无生命的加s；

5、OO结尾的加s： bamboo bamboos zoo zoos kangaroo kangaroos 袋鼠

6、均可，如：zero---zeros / zeroes

读音变化：加读[z]。

五、 1、以f或fe结尾的名词变为复数，一般把f或fe变成v, 再加-es。

knife→knives leaf→leaves wife→wives life→lives shelf→shelves thief→thieves

wolf→wolves half→halves dwarf→dwarves staff(员工)→staves; scarf（围巾）→scarves

2、以下以f或fe结尾的名词变为复数时，直接加-s。读音变化：尾音[f]改读[vz]。

例如：roofs 屋顶 chiefs 首长、负责人 proofs 证据 cliffs 悬崖 safes 保险箱

gulfs 海湾 beliefs 信念 serfs 农奴 briefs 摘要 griefs 悲痛

英语名词单数变复数的规则

---根据多位名师的学习和教学笔记总结得出---总结人：陈祥波 09.11.23 第 2 页 共 5 页

妻子持刀去宰狼， 小偷吓得发了慌；躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光。

按：顺口溜中的黑体字是中学阶段学过的九个以—f(e)结尾的名词：wife(妻子)，knife(小刀)，wolf(狼)，thief(小偷)，shelf(架子)，self(自己)，life(生命)，half(一半)，leaf(树叶)。这九个词变复数时，都是改-f(e)为ve再加-s。由self构成的复合词，其变化与self相同(如：myself→ourselves；yourself→yourselves；himself，herselfitself→themselves)。

3、这几个可变可不变：，handkerchief- handkerchiefs

均可,如： handkerchief -handkerchiefs / handkerchieves ；scarf-scarfs/scarves

记住下面这首顺口溜，相信你就不会觉得难了。

请将句中括号内名词变为复数形式：

The________（dwarf）and the_________wife）of the________（thief）cut the_______（wolf）into_________（half）with their________（knife） on the______（shelf）under the______（leaf）and ended their____（life）.

六、以-us结尾的名词（多为外来词），通常将-us改变为-i构成复数。

读音变化：尾音[Es]改读[ai]，其中[kEs]要改读为[sai]，[gEs]要改读为[dVai]。

例：fungus（真菌）→fungi; abacus（算盘）→abaci; focus（焦点）→foci; cactus（仙人掌）→cacti; cestus（拳击用的牛皮手套）→cesti

七、以-is结尾的名词，通常将-is改变为-es。

读音变化：尾音[is]改读[i:z]。

例：axis（轴线）→axes; basis→bases; naris（鼻孔）→nares; hypothesis（假设）→hypotheses;

restis（索状体）→restes

八、以-ix结尾的名词，通常将-ix改变为-ices，但有例外。 读音变化：尾音[iks]改读[isi:z]。

例：matrix（矩阵）→matrices; directrix（准线）→directrices; calix（杯状窝，盏）→calices; appendix（阑尾）→appendices 反例：affix（粘住，使固定）→affixes

九、以-um结尾的名词，将-um改变为-a。

读音变化：去掉鼻尾音[m]。

例：forum（论坛）→fora; stadium（体育场）→stadia; aquarium（水族鱼缸）→aquaria; datum（数据）→data; vacuum（真空，空虚）→vacua

十、以-a结尾的名词，在该词末尾加上后辍-e。 读音变化：尾音[E]改读[i:]。

例：larva（昆虫的幼虫）→larvae; formula（公式）→formulae; ala（翼）→alae; media（媒介）→mediae; hydra（九头蛇，水螅）→hydrae

十一、部分单词的复数形式不变。

读音变化：保持原音。

例：fish→fish; sheep→sheep; cattle→cattle; deer→deer; salmon（蛙、三文鱼、大马哈）→salmon

cannon →cannon; trout →trout（鳟鱼）

英语名词单数变复数的规则

---根据多位名师的学习和教学笔记总结得出---总结人：陈祥波 09.11.23 第 3 页 共 5 页

十二、极少数单词，其复数形式没有任何规律。 读音变化：没有规律。

例：man→men; woman→women; child→children; person→people; ox→oxen foot →feet; goose

→geese; mouse →mice; tooth →teeth; datum →data数据

十三、一些单数词得加en才能变成复数词：

例：ox→oxen; child→children; brother（用于教堂）→brethren

十四、一些单数词得改头换面一番,才能变成复数词

例：analysis→analyses分析; basis→bases基础; datum→data数据; foot→feet; formula公式→formulae/formulas; goose→geese; louse虱子→lice; man→men mouse→mice; medium→media/mediums媒介; emorandum→memoranda/memorandums备忘录; parenthesis→parentheses

圆括号; phenomenon→phenomena现象; radius→radii 半径 tooth→teeth; woman→women

十五、有些名词是单数、复数不分的

例：deer; fish; cannon（大炮）; sheep; salmon 鲑鱼; trout 鳟鱼

十六、一些名词虽分单数、复数，但出现次数多的总是单数词

例：absence; clothing;film; help; furniture家具; machinery机械; news; scenery风景; sugar; traffic交通

十七、另些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多

例：bellows风箱; clothes; police; shorts短裤; scissors剪刀; spectacles眼镜; shears大剪刀

trousers长裤; wages工资

十八、compound nouns，这类复数词是以主要的名词来表示

例：daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law 媳妇; father-in-law→fathers-in-law岳父 man-of-war→men-of-war兵舰; maid-servant→maid-servants 女仆tep-son→step-sons晚子; son-in-law→sons-in-law 女婿

十九、若表达具体数目，要借助数量词

例：pair(对，双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers

二十、另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思， 例：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼

二十一、除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。

例：a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters

二十二、合成词单复数变化规则

1)以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式。例如：homework, newspaper等。

2)以man或woman为前缀的名词变复数时，前后两个名词都变成复数。例如：woman doctor→women doctors, man waiter→men waiters.

3)以“可数名词+介词(短语)”构成的复合名词变复数时，把名词变复数。例如：fath -erinlaw→fathersinlaw.

4)以“动词/过去分词+副词”构成的复合名词变复数时，在词尾加s。例如：grown up→grown

ups, stand by→standbys.

英语名词单数变复数的规则

---根据多位名师的学习和教学笔记总结得出---总结人：陈祥波 09.11.23 第 4 页 共 5 页

二十三、集合名词单复数变化

有些名词为单数形式，但做整体概念来看待，称为集合名词或集体名词，如：people police

cattle，其谓语动词一般用复数。有些名词为单数形式，做整体概念来看待时，谓语动词用单数。强调整体中具体人或事物时，谓语动词用复数。如：class, family, audience, committee, army.【例句】

1) The class are doing experiments on heat and light in the lab.

2) A large class is like a big banquet, which requires a teacher to make full pr eparation and have

good performance.

集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。例：people police cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说a person，a policeman，a head of cattle, the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用，如The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。

名词由单数变成复数的练习

写出下列名词复数

leaf_____puppy______box______knife______fly______fox______bus______bench_____

brush_____kiss______church______dish_____ruler_____peach_____glass_____pencil______boy______zoo______man______roof_______sheep_____knife______lady______key______story_____watch______bamboo____ city______family______day_____apple_____

eraser______speech______thief______

mouse______fish_____goose____people_____ox_____Chinese_______deer_______foot____child______tooth______guy_____hero______spy______boss_____monkey_____city ______ goat

_____ radio _____horse ____ dog ______

用所给的单词的复数的正确形式填空：

1>There are so many______(wolf)in the forest.

2>There are three____(chair) in the classroom.

3>These _______(tomato) are red.

4>______(hero) are great.

5>My brother looks after two ______(baby)

6>There are some _____(deer) eating the grass.

7>My father likes to eat _______(potato).

8>Chinese ______(people)like to eat noodles.

9>I have a lot of ______(toy) in my bedroom.

10>I help my mother wash ______(dish) in the

kitchen.

11>I have two ______(pencil-box).

12>There are some ______(bus)in the street.

13>Peter has eight _____(foot).

14>Linda has three _______(tooth).

15>There are some _____(child) in the garden.

英语名词单数变复数的规则

---根据多位名师的学习和教学笔记总结得出---总结人：陈祥波 09.11.23 第 5 页 共 5 页

16>Michael likes the ______(mouse).

17>There are some ______(goose)in the river.

18>My uncle and father are _____(man).

19>Tom and King are _____(boy).

20>Linda has three ______(tooth).

选出正确形式

1．I can see three ________ in the zoo. A monkeys B monkeies C monkey

pig has four ______. A. foot B. feet C. foots

two brothers are both ______.A. policeman B. policemans C. policemen

are four ___________ in the class. A. Japanese B. Japaneses C. Japan

5.I can see ten _____ in the picture. A. sheep B. dog C. pig

_____ has three______. A. boys, watches B. boy, watch C. boy, watches

7.C an you see _______on the plate? s

girl often brushes her_____ before she goes to bed. A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth

Black often drink some _________.A. milk B. milks

are some _____ on the floor. A. child B. water C. books

11. _______ will learn English. A. Woman B. Women C. Man

will show us some new ____ of hers. A. photo B. photos C. photoes

13. I drank two ______.A. bottles of orange B. bottle of orange C. bottles of oranges

cat eats two ______ last night. A. mouses B. mice C. mouse

15.I need a pen and some _____.

16 Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the ______.

A. rooms number B. Room number C. Room’s number D. Room numbers

17. The newly-built library is a ______ building.

A. five-storey B. five storeys C. five-storey’s D. five storeys’

18. --- Whose umbrella is it? --- It’s _______. A. somebody else’s B. Somebody else

C. Somebody’s else’s D. Somebody’s else

19. I feel terribly hot, What’s the _____?A. temperature of room B. Room’s temperature

C. Room temperature D. Temperature of room’s

20. _______ will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas.

A. The Evens B. The Evens’C. The Evenses D. The Evenses’

girl talking to Mary is a friend of ________.

A. Mary’s sister B. Mary sisters C. Mary’s sister’s D. sister of Mary’s

22. The woman over there is ______ mother.

A. Julia and Shelley’sB. Julia’s and Shelley’s C. Julia and Shelley D. Julia’s and Shelley

23. He is very tired. He needs ______.

A. a night rest B. a rest night C. a night’s rest D. a rest of night

24． ---Excuse me，where are _______ offices? ---Over there．

A． teacher’s B． teachers’C． the teacher’s D． the teachers’

25． Today is September 10th. It’s_____ Day. Let’s go and buy some flowers for our teachers.

A. Teacher B. Teachers’ C. the Teachers’ D. Teacher’s