2003年考研英语完形填空真题解析

1.

2003年考研英语完形填空真题解析

Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes

2. that young adults experience.

3. And they also need to

4. give serious 21 thought to

5. how they can be best 22 accommodate such changes.

6. Growing bodies need movement and 23exercise ,

7. but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 但是不能只注重比赛

8. 24 Because they are adjusting to their new bodies

9. and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, 一大堆

10. teenagers are especially self-conscious

11. and need the 25 confidence

12. that comes from achieving success

13. and knowing that their accomplishments

14. are 26 admired by others.

15. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition

16. that it would be 27 to plan activities

17. in which there are more winners than losers, 因此安排一些赢者多，输者少的活动是很明智的

18. 28 for example ,

19. publishing newsletters 出版时事通讯 刊印业务通讯

20. with many student-written book reviews,

21. 29 displaying student artwork, and

22. sponsoring book discussion clubs. 赞助

23. A variety of small clubs

24. can provide 30 multiple opportunities for leadership, 为培养领导才能提供多种机会

25. multiple 多种的，倍数，

26. leadership 领导能力，领导层

27. as well as for practice in successful 31 group dynamics. 为成功的群体动力提供练习

28. dynamics 力学，动力学

29. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers,

30. and many shy students

31. need the 32 security of some kind of organization 需要加入某个组织以获得安全感

32. with a supportive adult 33 barely visible in the background

a) 需要有一位成人在只有后台看到见的地方提供

支持

In these activities,

33. it is important to remember that the young teens

34. have 34 short attention spans. 注意力持续时间很短

35. A variety of activities should be organized

36. 35 so that participants can remain active as long as they want 这样参加活动的人就能想活动多久就活动多久

37. and then go on to 36something else 然后就可以做一些其它的事情

38. without feeling guilty

39. and without letting the other participants 37 down . 也不会让其它参与者失望

40. This does not mean that 这并不是说

41. adults must accept irresponsibility. 大人必须接受不负责任的做法

42. 38 On the contrary

43. they can help students acquire a sense of commitment 获得一种责任感

44. by 39planning for roles

45. that are within their 40 capability 他们力所能及

46. and their attention spans 又在他们注意力时间范围

47. and by having clearly stated rules. 通过制定清楚的活动规则

Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young

adults experience. And they also need to give serious 21 to how they can be best 22 such changes.

Growing bodies need movement and 23 , but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 24

they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional

challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the 25 that comes from achieving

success and knowing that their accomplishments are 26 by others. However, the typical teenage

lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be 27 to plan activities in which

there are more winners than losers, 28 , publishing newsletters with many student-written book

reviews, 29 student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can

provide 30 opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful 31 dynamics. Making

friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the 32 of some kind of

organization with a supportive adult 33 visible in the background.

In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have 34 attention spans.

A variety of activities should be organized 35 participants can remain active as long as they want

and then go on to 36 else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 37 .

This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. 38 they can help students acquire a

sense of commitment by 39 for roles that are within their 40 and their attention spans and by

having clearly stated rules.

21.[A] thought[B]idea[C] opinion[D] advice

22.[A] strengthen[B] accommodate[C] stimulate[D] enhance

23.[A] care[B] nutrition[C] exercise[D] leisure

24.[A] If[B] Although[C] Whereas[D] Because

25.[A] assistance[B] guidance[C] confidence[D] tolerance

26.[A] claimed[B] admired[C] ignored[D] surpassed

27.[A] improper[B] risky[C] fair[D] wise

28.[A] in effect[B] as a result[C] for example[D] in a sense

29.[A] displaying[B] describing[C] creating[D] exchanging

30.[A] durable[B] excessive[C] surplus[D] multiple

31.[A] group[B] individual[C] personnel[D] corporation

32.[A] consent[B] insurance[C] admission[D] security

33.[A] particularly[B] barely[C] definitely[D] rarely

34.[A] similar[B] long[C] different[D] short

35.[A] if only[B] now that[C] so that[D] even if

36.[A] everything[B] anything[C] nothing[D] something

37.[A] off[B] down[C] out[D] alone

38.[A] On the contrary[C] On the whole[B] On the average[D] On the other hand

39.[A] making[B] standing[C] planning[D] taking

40.[A] capability[B] responsibility[C] proficiency[D] efficiency

文章背景

这是一篇讲述关于如何帮助青少年适应变化的社科类议论文。主要介绍了老师需要了解青少年经历的情感、智力和身体上的变化。他们还需要认真思考他们如何才能够最好地适应这些变化。成长中的身体需要运动和锻炼，但并不只是通过强调竞争的方法来锻炼。因为他们正在适应他们身体的新变化和许多新的智力和情感挑战，青少年特别敏感，他们需要信心，这种信心来自于取得成功并知道别人羡慕他们的成就。

答案详解

21. 【解析】[A] 语义辨析/ 固定搭配题。第二句中的And说明该句是对上句的补充，be aware of "意识到，想到" 与A项thought"思考，思想"意思一致，而与B项idea "主意，观点，想法"，C项opinion"意见"和D项advice "建议"不相照应; 四个词都可以和give连用，但是idea 和opinion是可数名词，前面需要不定冠词an, 而give an idea to和give an opinion

to的对象都应是人。 D干扰性最大，容易选错，但是give advice to 的对象也应该是人，而要想与后面的how从句衔接则必须使用介词on,故不正确。

22.【解析】[B] 语义辨析题。根据原文的含义，教师应该关注的是如何能够使他们(young

adults)很好地"适应"这些变化。此题的难点在于对accommodate一词词义的理解，可能很多考生只了解它的第一个意思"提供住宿"，而不熟悉另外两个重要的意思是"使满意;使适应"。此题的选择还有一个重要的线索，就是紧接着下文中的adjust to(适应)，二者语义相近。

23.【解析】[C] 语义辨析题。本题目选择名词，在句子中充当宾语。Growing bodies need

movement and, but not just in ways that emphasize competition. 并列连词and确定空格处的词汇与movement相似或者属于同类事物;转折词but not指示方向，but not just in ways that

emphasize competition.确定要选择的名词是一种运动竞技项目。不难发现，四个选项中只有C. exercise 表示"练习，锻炼"，是一种竞技运动。 因此，正确答案是B. exercise 练习。

24.【解析】[D] 逻辑关系题。they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new

intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially selfconscious and … 从句"they

are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional

challenges,… 青少年正在适应新的身体状况、心智和情感方面的诸多挑战";主句"teenagers

are especially selfconscious… 他们的自我意识强……"。不难发现，两个句子是因果关系。因此，正确答案为D. because。 句子"Becauce they are adjusting to their new bodies and a

whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially

selfconscious and …""因为青少年正在适应新的身体状况、心智和情感方面的诸多挑战,所以他们的自我意识强并且……。"

25.【解析】[C] 语义衔接题。本题目选择名词，后面的定语从句提供信息选择答案。顺着上一题的线索：句子叙述到Because they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host

of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially selfconscious and need

thethat comes from achieving success and knowing。并列连词and确定供选的词汇与selfconscious并列，表示一种性格特征;定语从句that comes from achieving success "取得成功所需要的……"，限定该词汇的性质。他们所需要的是来自于取得成功被别人"钦佩"的"信心"。因此，正确答案为C。

26.【解析】[B] 语义衔接题。本题目选择动词的过去分词形式，在句子中构成被动语态，充当谓语动词。句子叙述到Because they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of

new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially selfconscious and need the

confidence that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments areby

others."因为他们正在调整自己以适应身体的变化和许多新的智力上和情感上的挑战，所以他们自我意识很强并且需要信心，这种信心来自于他们所取得的成功以及他们的成就被别

人……。"句子中的主语提供信息决定答案。顺着上一题的线索，此处关键在于accomplishments和什么动词搭配。从上文已经推定此处动词的意思应为"钦佩，崇拜"，所以选d.

27.【解析】[D] 语义衔接题。本题目选择形容词，在句子中充当表语。句子叙述到However,

the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would beto plan

activities in which there are more winners than losers…"然而，典型的青年人的生活方式已经充满了如此众多的竞争，那么组织一些赢者多于输家的活动是……之举"。句子中 "it"是形式主语，不定式短语 "to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers"是真正的主语，主语提供信息决定答案。er"不合适的"和"冒险的"是否定的意义， 与整个句意不符;"公平的"， 这里讨论的是行为的性质， 与公平与否无关。 所以选。

28.【解析】[C] 逻辑关系题。本题目选择逻辑关系词，体现前后的逻辑关系。句子叙述到However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would

be wise to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers,publishing newsletters with

many studentwritten book reviews, ….空格后面列举了几个并列结构，不难发现该逻辑关系为举例列举。选项前后是例证关系，后面列举的行为均属于用来具体说明前面的activities, 形成照应关系。选项A. in effect 事实上;B. as a result 结果是;C. for example 例如;D. in a sense

从某种意义上说。因此，正确答案为C. for example 例如。"然而，典型的青少年生活方式已经充满了如此众多的竞争，以至于组织一些胜者多败者少的活动是明智的，例如出版学生书写的读书笔记……"。

29.【解析】[A] 逻辑关系/ 语义衔接题。本题目选择动词的动名词形式，在句子中充当谓语动词。句子叙述到 However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much

competition that it would be wise to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers,

for example, publishing newsletters with many studentwritten book reviews,student artwork,

and sponsoring book discussion clubs. 解题时需看清句中平列的逻辑关系，"出版包括许多学生所作的书评的简报，(展示)学生创作的艺术品， 举办读书座谈俱乐部等"。不难发现，选项A. displaying 展示，展出，"展出学生的艺术作品"，符合语句含义，同时与"出版学生书写的读书笔记"构成并列关系。因此，正确答案为A。

30.【解析】[D] 词汇辨析题。该题目选择形容词，在句子中充当定语。句子叙述到A variety

of small clubs can provideopportunities for leadership,… "各种各样的小型俱乐部能够提供……的机会锻炼孩子们的领导力"。选择形容词，被修饰的名词提供信息。选项A. durable 耐用的;持久的;与opportunities不搭配;B. excessive 过度的;C. surplus 过剩的;都有"过分"之义，

含有否定的意思， 与文意不符。正确选项le"多样的"与句子主语中的variety相照应。

31.【解析】[A] 逻辑关系/ 语义衔接题。与上文相连， opportunities后面两个for说明提供的是什么样的机会;由as well as连接的介词短语与前一个for引导介词短语是并列关系，

译为"不仅提供……机会而且提供……机会"，前者leadership是个体能力，后者则是指在成功的集体活动中得到锻炼的机会，所以选A。

32.【解析】[D] 语义衔接题。本题存在一个意思上的相应关系， 即the of organization与the support of adult对应，可以判断D正确。 本题目选择名词，在句子中充当宾语。句子叙述到Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need theof

some kind of organization… "交朋友对于年轻人极其重要，并且许多腼腆的学生需要……的某种组织给予的……，而且需要有一个成年人在幕后给予支持"。选项A. consent 内容， 含量;满意， 满足B. insurance 保险，安全保障;C. admission 承认，允许进入;D. security 安全，安全感。

33.【解析】[B] 语义衔接题。with引导一个介词复合结构作定语， 修饰organization，

其中"支持他们的成人""只能"在背后出现， 这与"仅仅，刚好"的意思一致。 Making

friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the security of some

kind of organization with a supportive adultvisible in the background. "腼腆的学生需要加入某种团体以获得安全感，在幕后……有成年人的支持"。rarely"罕见地"一般表否定，不合语义;barely 是肯定的意义，相当于常见的only。

34.【解析】[D] 语义衔接题。第二段讲的是如何组织活动，使学生保持持久的兴趣和注意。之所以如此， 是因为青少年的注意周期(attention spans)不够长，这一点也可凭借常识判断。 同时，下文中"participants can remain active as long as they want. 参与者能尽可能长的保持活跃的心态"的信息也证明了青少年的有意注意时限很短。因此，正确答案为D。

35.【解析】[C] 逻辑衔接题。做35题时要联系36，37题分析。全句要表达的意思是"应该组织各种各样的活动， 让参与者按照自己的意愿尽可能长久的保持活跃状态， 然后还可以过渡到别的活动上去，既不会让他们感到内疚，又不会让别的参与者失望。在第35题前后的两个句子中，第二句说明的是第一句的活动组织所要达到的目的，所以选C。A. if only"只要，但愿"，引起虚拟条件状语从句，且从句经常独立出现，表示说话人的意愿;B. now that

"既然"， 引起原因状语从句;D. even if "即使"， 引起让步状语从句。

36.【解析】[D] 词汇辨析题。本题目选择不定代词。句子叙述到A variety of activities should

be organized so that participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on toelse

without feeling guilty and… "应当组织各种各样的活动以至于参与者能保持活跃的心态。随后参加别的……活动而不感到内疚"。由于没有任何活动的范围，因此只能是不定的另一项活动。选项B. anything" 任何一件事"最具迷惑性，它表示在某个范围内的任何一件事。由于句子中没有指出活动范围，因此，正确答案为D。

37.【解析】[B] 固定搭配题。本题目选择与let构成的搭配，在句子中与前面的短语without

feeling guilty "没有感到内疚"并列。句子叙述到A variety of activities should be organized so

that participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to something else

without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants. "应当组织各种各样的活动以至于参与者能保持活跃的心态。随后参加别的某一个活动而不感到内疚，并且不会让参与者……"。选项A. let…off 准许……暂停;放开;下车;发射B. let…down 让……扫兴，失望;C. let…out

泄露;D. let…alone 放任，不干涉

38.【解析】[A] 逻辑衔接题。本题选择体现逻辑关系的短语，体现前后两个句子的逻辑关系。句子叙述到This does not mean that adults must accept can help

students acquire a sense of commitment… "这并不意味着成年人就没有责任，……他们可以帮助学生获得一种责任感……" 两句间形成对比关系，所以选A。 On the other hand "另一方面"必须与On the one hand "一方面"构成搭配。因此，正确答案为A。

39.【解析】[C] 惯用衔接题。本题目选择与for构成的搭配，在句子中充当谓语动词。句子叙述到On the contrary they can help students acquire a sense of commitment byfor

roles …."相反，他们可以通过……角色帮助学生获得一种责任感。"选项A. make for 向……方向走;B. stand for 代表，表示;C. plan for 为……做计划;D. take for 误以为， 把……看做……因此，正确答案为C. plan for 为……做计划。"相反，他们可以通过为学生设计或安排角色为角色做计划来帮助学生获得一种责任感。"

40.【解析】[A] 语义辨析题。本题目选择名词，roles后面的that引导定语从句，修饰前文的roles，阐述这些角色应该在学生的能力范围和注意力保持期间内， 并且要把规则交代清楚。句子中On the contrary they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by

planning for roles that are within theirand their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.

"相反，他们可以通过为角色做计划来帮助学生获得一种责任感。这些角色是在……之内的并且是在注意力限度内的角色"。选项A. capabilities 能力，"能力范围内的角色"，符合句子含

义。

参考译文

教师应该了解青少年智力、情绪和身体各方面的变化，同时他们也应该慎重关注青少年如何适应这些变化。不断成长的身体需要运动和锻炼，而不仅仅是为了进行竞争，因为总是要适应新的身体状况和情感方面的诸多挑战。他们的自我意识特别强烈，需要给他们成功的信心，看到自己的成就，他们就想得到别人的赞扬。不过典型的青少年的生活中已经充斥着太多的竞争，所以聪明的做法是组织一些获胜者多于失败者的活动，例如，出版刊有许多学生撰写书评的通讯，展出学生的艺术品，主办有关书籍辩论的俱乐部。各种小型俱乐部可以提供多种多样的机会，锻炼孩子的领导才能也可以借助集体的力量成功地提供实践机会。交朋友对青少年来说是十分重要的，许多害羞的学生需要某种组织的安全感，而且需要有一个成年人在幕后给予支持。

在这些活动中，记住下面的一点很重要：青少年的注意力集中的时间很短。应该组织各种各样的活动来迎合他们，使他们能够保持能动性，然后参加别的活动，这样他们就不会感到不安，也不会使其他参与者失望。但这并不意味着成年人一点责任也没有，相反，成年人可以通过对青少年的能力和注意力所及活动的策划以及通过对游戏规则的清晰阐述，帮助学生获得一种参与感。