托福写作tpo40综合写作范文

托福写作tpo40综合写作范文

TASK 1 Integrated Writing

Many scientists believe it would be possible to maintain

a permanent human presence on Mars or the Moon. On the other

hand， conditions on Venus are so extreme and inhospitable that

maintaining a human presence there would be impossible

First， atmospheric pressure at Venus’ surface is at least

90 times greater than the pressure at Earth’s surface This

means that a force of 100 kilograms is pressing down on every

square centimeter of surface All spacecraft that have landed

on Venus have been crushed by this extreme pressure within an

hour of landing. Almost anything humans might land on Venus

would be crushed as well.

Second， as far as we know， there are no reservoirs of water

on Venus' surface， and the planet s atmosphere， made up mostly

of carbon dioxide， nitrogen， and sulfuric acid， contains

hardly any oxygen or water vapor Water and oxygen would

therefore probably have to be supplied to Venus from Earth. The

idea of ensuring a regular supply of water and oxygen from Earth

is impractical in the extreme and would probably defeat the

purpose of establishing a permanent station on Venus.

Third， very little sunlight reaches the planet s surface.

About 60 percent of the sunlight that hits Venus is reflected

back into space by the thick clouds that fill the atmosphere，

which means that only 40 percent of the sunlight can get through

the clouds Below these clouds is a dense layer of carbon dioxide，

which blocks even more light， so very little light reaches the

surface. The lack of light would prevent the use of solar power

cells， so humans could not get electricity to power their

machines and equipment.

Directions

You have 20 minutes to plan and write your response. Your

response will be judged on the basis of the quality of your

writing and on how well your response presents the points in

the lecture and their relationship to the reading passage.

Typically， an effective response will be 150 to 225 words.

Read the question below. You have 30 minutes to plan， write，

and revise your essay. Typically， an effective response will

contain a minimum of 300 words.

Essay Topic

Summarize the points made in the lecture， being sure to

explain how the proposal discussed in the lecture would solve

the specific challenges described in the reading passage.