采矿工程专业常用英语词汇

★采矿工程专业常用英语词汇★①geologic structure 地质构造 geologic age geologic termcoalfield 煤田 take 井田reserve of the take 井田储量 geologic reservecoal exploration 煤层勘探 explore

②sedimentary rock 沉积岩 metamorphose rock 变质岩igneous rock 火成岩 alluvium 冲积层coal seam mineral deposit 矿床

③epoch 纪元、纪、代 Permian 二叠纪（系）Carboniferous 石炭纪 Cretaceous 白垩纪Tertiary 第三纪④fold 褶 曲 fault 断层 normal～ reverse～

faulting 断层作用⑤strike 走向 along the strikedip 倾向、倾角 dip angle of coal seam煤层倾角⑥weathered 风化的bituminous coal 烟煤 [bi’tjuminэs] anthracite 无烟煤 lignite

褐煤limestone 石灰岩 sandstone 砂岩 shale 页岩

⑦fully mechanized coal face 综采 conventional mining 普采Semi-mechanized coal face blasting mining 炮采fully mechanized sublevel caving mining 综放⑧colliery (coal mine) colliery undertaking ~企业Longwall mining 长壁开采 Room and pillar 房柱式开采pillar and stall Panel, district, mining area 盘区 采区⑨Shaft (vertical) 井筒 adit 平硐 shaft sinking 井筒掘进opencast open pit 露天矿 surface mining strip mining⑩strata(stratum) 岩层 stimulated caving 强制放顶longwall advancing retreatingroof (floor) 顶（底）板 main ~ immediate ~

false ~11pit bottom shaft station 井底车场 up cast downcast 进回风井 ventilate ventilation borehole 钻孔 drill bunker(coal bin) 煤仓12Skip 箕斗 cage 罐笼 conveyor 运输机 belt conveyor 胶带运输机

AFC(Armored Face Conveyer) 刮板输送机 coal preparation 选煤 Powered roof support 液压支架 (shield)13drift entry roadway gateroad巷道 crosscut 石门，横贯，捷径 methane 甲烷 瓦斯 gas ~ drainagegob，goaf (mined out area) 采空区14airway 风道 intake ~ return ~ 进风巷 回风巷stress-strain 应力－应变 stress relief zone de-stressed 应力解除15 room dispatcher’s ～ pump ～泵房 dispatcher’s room 调度室 waiting room 候车室 winch engine room first-aid room

16 tale air 乏风 fresh intake ~ tail entry head entry 顺槽 heading 掘进头 rise ~ 上山 opening ~开切眼17 timber 木支柱 prop, jack 支柱 individual jacks （prop） 单体支柱convergence 顶底板移近、会合 smooth ~ 缓慢下沉 （巷道） free subsidence method （采场）18 waste heap /spoil tip 矸石山 spontaneous combustion 自燃 hoist 提升 gate road/drift/entry 巷道 incline gate 斜巷 incline

shaft

19 tectonic 构造的 ～ stress mining regulations safety regulations rock/ underground pressure 矿山压力Behavior of rock/ underground pressure 矿山压力显现20 floor heave 底鼓 thin or medium-thick seam 中厚 incline seam 倾向煤层 sloping ~ steep coal seam 急倾向煤层 gently slopping ~ 缓倾斜煤层21 cracked roof 破碎顶板 fractured roof crush, crack spacing of main falls 放顶步距 distance of roof fall winch 小绞车 caving ~22 eaker props/breaker support 切顶支柱 withdrawal of support

回柱 prop withdrawer 回柱绞车 shield-type support 掩护式支架 chock support 垛式支架

常用专业英语词汇23 survey(ing) 测量 ~ station 观测站 elevation标高 elevator，lifttransit 经纬仪 full caving method 全部跨落法partial caving partial backfilling (packing)24 subsidence 下沉 ~ trough ~basin 下沉盆地surface structure（building） 地表建筑物surface movement and deformation 地表移动和变形Contour 等值线下沉（Subsidence）、倾斜（Slope）、曲率（Curvature）、水平移动（Displacement）、水平变形（Horizontal strain）25 aquifer 含水层 coal mining above a confined aquifer承压水上采煤protective pillar 保护煤柱 barrier pillar 隔离煤柱26 angle of draw 移动角 边界角 draw angle of strata 边界角surface cracks 地表裂缝 Surface slope (incline) 地表倾斜 curvature 曲率27 Overburden strata 上覆岩层 overlying strata 上覆岩层structure damage 建筑物损害 recovery ratio 采出率、回采率28 backfilling mining method filling mining stowing miningmethod充填回采 建筑物下开采(Mining under buildings) 铁路下开采(Mining underrailways)水体下开采(Mining under water bodies)29 simultaneous extraction 同时开采 limited thickness extraction 限厚开采 selected extraction 选择开采 continuous extraction 连续开采 land reclaimation technology 土地复垦技术30 compressed air drill 风钻 electric ~ 电钻 yielding support 可缩支架 rigid ~ 刚性支架 roof bolting 顶板锚杆 resin ~31 auxiliary fans 局扇 auxiliary shaft 副井 subsidiary shaft 副井 Main shaft 主井 mine water drainage 矿井排水haulage hoisting lighting 运输、提升、照明32 seam subject to rock burst 易突出煤层 ～ spontaneouscombustion易自然煤层 rock burst 岩爆 冲击矿压 surrounding rock 围岩 first cost 初期投资

33 multiple coal seam 多煤层 subsoil 下层基岩

quarry 采场、采矿场、采石场horizon 区段、水平 horizontal34 washery 洗煤＝coal preparation plantdevelopment，Preparation， production systemhigh-productive&high efficient coal mine 高产高效矿井35ascending order descending mining coalification 煤化作用repairing shift development shift productive capacity，output36 standby equipment deplete 枯竭 采完

extract/mine/exploit/win/work 开采 cantilever 悬臂梁 water-bearing ground 含水地层37 run-of-mine coal 原煤 raw washed coal ，clean coal fossil fuel 化石燃料rock mechanics岩石力学 dummy road 盲巷 safety pillar安全煤柱38 tensile stress field（ zone ） 拉应力区Compressive stress field rock

mass 岩体

rock mechanics in coal mining 煤矿岩石力学 Rock pressure 岩石压力39 behavior of rock pressure 矿山压力显现 Stress 应力；Strain应变rock strata control (ground control) 岩层控制elastic deformation 弹性变形 plastic deformation 塑性变形40 rheology of rock 岩石（体）流变性 virgin rock[mass]/initialrock[mass]原岩（体）

virgin stress of rock[mass] 原岩应力 initial stress of rock[mass]原岩应力 virgin stress field of rock[mass] initial stress field of rock[mass] 原岩应力场41 stress in surrounding rock围岩应力 stress-concentrated zone 应力增高区virgin stress zone（field） initial stress zone 原岩应力区coefficient of stress concentration 应力集中系数42 Support 支架，支撑 partial caving method 局部跨落法pillar support method 煤柱支撑法43 weak ( soft) strata 松软岩层 hard strata 坚硬岩层

unstable roof 不稳定顶板 load of support 支架载荷44 medium stable roof 中等稳定顶板 stable roof 稳定顶板 hard roof; strong roof 坚硬顶板 classification of roof 顶板分类

classify45 setting load 初撑力 yield load 额定工作阻力support load 支护阻力 prop density 支柱密度46 load density; supporting intensity支护强度rib spalling 片帮 impact load 冲击载荷47 first weighting初次来压 periodic weighting (of main roof)周期来压coal and gas bump; coal and gas outburst煤与瓦斯突出48 aved zone 冒落带 fractured zone 裂隙带sagging (continuous deformation) zone 弯曲下沉带natural arch; ~ of natural equilibrium 自然平衡拱49 Soil zone Continuous deformation zone Fractured zone Caved zone50 Initial supporting 一次支护 first supportingPermanent supporting二次支护 second supportingroad side supporting 巷旁支护 non-pillar roadway protection无煤柱护巷protective seam 保护层51 abutment pressure 支承压力 method of roof control 顶板管理方法roof-to-floor convergence 顶底板移近量 rib sides convergence 两帮移近量52 Cross section 剖面 Sectional（plan） view 剖（平）面图softening factor of rock 岩石软化系数 roof caving angle 顶板跨落角