国际贸易对碳排放的影响外文文献翻译中英文

外文文献翻译

(含：英文原文及中文译文)

英文原文

The effects of international trade on Chinese carbon emissions

B Wei ， X Fang ， Y Wang

Abstract

International trade is an important impact factor to the carbon

emissions of a country. As the rapid development of Chinese foreign trade

since its entry into the WTO in 2002, the effects of international trade on

carbon emissions of China are more and more significant. Using the

recent available input-output tables of China and energy consumption

data, this study estimated the effects of Chinese foreign trade on carbon

emissions and the changes of the effects by analyzing the emissions

embodied in trade between 2002 and 2007. The results showed a more

and more significant exporting behavior of embodied carbon emissions in

Chinese international trade. From 2002 to 2007, the proportion of net

exported emissions and domestic exported emissions in domestic

emissions increased from 18.32% to 29.79% and from 23.97% to 34.76%,

respectively. In addition, about 22.10% and 32.29% of the total imported

emissions were generated in processing trade in 2002 and 2007,

respectively, which were imported and later exported emissions. Although,

most of the sectors showed a growth trend in imported and exported

emissions, sectors of electrical machinery and communication electronic

equipment, chemical industry, and textile were still the biggest emission

exporters, the net exported emissions of which were also the largest. For

China and other developing countries, technology improvement may be

the most favorable and acceptable ways to reduce carbon emissions at

present stage. In the future negotiations on emissions reduction, it would

be more fair and reasonable to include the carbon emissions embodied in

international trade when accounting the total emissions of an economy.

Keywords: input-output analysis, carbon emissions, international trade,

China

Introduction

Global warming has been considered an indisputable fact. The main

reason is that the warming of the global climate system is due to the

continuous increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the

atmosphere, the result of human activities (IPCC, 2007). In order to avoid

the possible negative impact on human society's global warming, a series

of measures have been taken to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions

to slow down global warming. However, around the CO2 emission

reduction and the future allocation of carbon emission rights, the game

plays a different interest group.

With the development of globalization, the impact on the

international trade of the environment is becoming more and more

significant, including the potential impact of carbon emissions from

geographical relocation. Many researchers estimate that it is reflected in

international trade in certain countries as well as in the world economy

(Wykoff and Rupp, carbon emissions in 1994; Schaefer and Lealdesa,

1996, Machado et al., 2001 Year; Munksgaard, Peder and Sen, 2001;

Ahmed and Wykov, 2003; Sanchez-Chóliz and Duarte, 2004; Peters and

Hess, 2006, 2008; Mäenpää et al, 2007; Keman et al., 2007). The general

conclusion is that in a more open economy, the impact of large foreign

trade on the carbon emissions of a country. In addition, all these studies

have pointed out that import and export trade cannot ignore a relatively

open economy; otherwise, energy and carbon emissions figures may be

seriously distorted by this economy (Machado et al., 2001). In terms of

total volume, the value of China’s trade surplus increased from US$30.43

billion in 2002 to US$261.83 billion in 2007 (National Bureau of

Statistics, 2008). The rapid growth of China’s foreign trade will have a

significant effect on China’s carbon emissions.

As one of the countries with the highest carbon emissions, China is

facing increasing pressure to reduce emissions. However, China is also a

big country in international trade. The rapid development of China’s

economy has led to steady growth in foreign trade. From 1997 to 2002,

China’s total import and export value increased by an average annual

growth rate of 14.35%. Since joining the World Trade Organization, the

average annual growth rate of China’s trade has jumped to 28.64%. From

2002 to 2007, the value of exports compared with 2002, it increased by

2.7 times in 2007 to reach US$1.2177.8 billion. Imports also soared to

US$955.95 billion in 2007, which was 2.2 times higher than the 2002

imports. In terms of total volume, the value of China’s trade surplus

increased from US$30.43 billion in 2002 to US$261.83 billion in 2007

(National Bureau of Statistics, 2008). The rapid growth of China’s foreign

trade will have a significant effect on China’s carbon emissions.

However, quantitative assessment of the impact of China's

international trade in energy use and carbon emissions has only recently

begun. Estimates from the IEA (2007) show that China's domestic

production and export of energy-related carbon dioxide emissions

account for 34% of total emissions, and if it is used in 2004, the weighted

average carbon intensity of commodity countries imported from China is

estimated. China's net exports of EM-rich CO2 may be more than 17% of

total emissions in 2004 (Levin, 2008). Using a single-area input-output

model, Pan et al. (2008) estimated that their production of energy and

emissions in 2002 accounted for 16% and 19% of China’s net exports of

primary energy consumption, respectively, in 2002. In the input-output

analysis, China reported that the discharge volume of pre-grid discharges

to the United States accounted for about 5%. Weber et al. (2008), ESTI

mating production exported from China's carbon dioxide emissions from

1987 to 2005. In 2005, about one-third of China's emissions were due to

production exports, and this proportion has risen from 12% in 1987 to

21% in 2002. In developed countries, consumption is driving this trend.

Wei et al.'s estimation (2009a) also found that the presence of emissions

in China's economy in 2002 reflected significant export behavior; in

addition, subsequent exports (processing trade played by EMIS--) were

total imports of 20 %the above. In addition, using a multi-area

input-output model, Peters and Hewei (2008) also found that export

emissions represented 24.4% of China's domestic emissions, and the

proportion of imports in 2001 was only 6.6%. A similar study by

Atkinson et al. (2009) also shows that China is a net exporter of carbon

emissions in international trade. In recent years, using ecological

input-output based on physical access programs, MOD-Yeling, Chen and

Chen (2010) estimated that in 2007 China's export of carbon dioxide

emissions and total energy were respectively 32.31% and 33.65% of total

emissions.

Both the United States and European countries are major importers

of China’s export carbon emissions. Using the economic input-output life

cycle assessment software, Ruihe Harris (2006) found that about 7% of

China’s carbon dioxide emissions from exports to the United States

during the period of 1997-2003 were produced by 14% of the total; the

US’s CO2 emissions will At 3%-6%, if increased imports from China

have been produced in the United States. AP-walking a similar approach,

Lee Hewitt found that bilateral trade between the United Kingdom and

China (2008) produced about 4% of CO2 emissions. In 2004, China's

CO2 emissions were for the UK market to produce goods and the UK

trade decreased. About 11%. Weber et al. (2008) also found that most of

China’s recent export emissions went to developed countries,

approximately 27% of the United States, 19% of the EU-27, and 14% of

the remaining Annex B countries, mainly Japan and Australia. And New

Zealand. Recently, Xu et al. (2009) studied the impact of energy

consumption and exhaust emissions on the environment. From 2002 to

2007, the use of environmental input-output analysis and adjustment of

bilateral trade data reflected trade in the East (from China to the United

States). Zhang (2009) has also obtained similar results. Energy and CO2

account for about 12% and 17% of China's energy consumption, and

China's CO2 emissions are 8% and 12%, respectively.

Although China's international trade is a meaningful research on

carbon emissions, further related research is necessary because of the

rapid development of China's foreign trade, especially the development of

processing trade. According to statistics (National Bureau of Statistics,

2008), the export share of processing trade has been more than 50% of

total exports since 1996. In 2002 and 2007, the share of processing trade

reached 55.26% and 50.71%, which will be processing trade. The

necessary distinction between the impact of general trade and China's

carbon emissions.

Since China's input-output table is only 5 years, we have chosen

from 2002 (entry to the WTO) to 2007 (the latest issue), and China's

international trade input-output table has impact on carbon emissions

with the view of the last requirement of this paper. Influence changes. In

addition, we distinguish between domestic processing trade and import

investment in the assessment of production processes (import emissions

and re-exports), which will help us to further understand the impact of

international trade on emissions status. In this study, we tried to answer

three questions: 1) What is the net emissions generated by foreign trade in

China as a big country's foreign trade? 2) China from 2002 to 2007,

International How does trade affect carbon emissions? 3) From 2002 to

2007, which departments were the major emitters of China's import and

export trade and their roles?

Uncertainty in the calculation of carbon emissions

The calculation of emissions from China's trade reflects a certain

degree of uncertainty. One is that the input-output analysis itself has

many inherent uncertainties (more discussion in Lenzen, 2001). Based on

an input-output table for China's single region, it allows us to obtain a

relatively accurate assessment of the emissions that are reflected in

China's exports, but this error may be more pronounced when estimating

the emissions of goods and services exported to China. (Lenzen , 2001;

Lenzen et al., 2004). Another important factor of uncertainty is that the

calculations come from different regions, which may underestimate the

method of importing the carbon intensity factor that is reflected in the

import of larger proportion of finished product producing countries and

tertiary industries, and the smaller proportion of secondary industries. In

addition, the method of pro-grade introduction of the column will

inevitably result in some errors in order to obtain a matrix from the inlet

of the original import and export table.

At present, for reasons of data availability, we cannot fully quantify

the accuracy of our calculations, but preliminary estimates suggest that

the use of more accurate data results from research will not significantly

change the conclusions of this analysis. These restrictions will be

improved through the use of multi-zone import and export tables and

out-of-zone more detailed industry carbon intensity and sector-to-sector

production processes in the future for detailed analysis.

Understand the impact of international trade on carbon emissions in

China

From 2002 to 2007, the impact of foreign trade on China’s carbon

emissions has greatly expanded. It may be largely related to two factors.

The first is the coal-based energy consumption structure. The secondary

industry-based production structure will maintain high domestic energy

intensity. In 2002, the coal consumption exchange was only 66.3% of the

total energy consumption. The 44.8% of China's gross domestic product

(GDP) is due to the secondary industry in 2002 (National Bureau of

Statistics, 2008). In 2007, related stock prices rose as high as 69.5% and

48.6%, respectively, which will lead to the fact that the unit exports are

higher than the carbon emissions reflected in unit imports. The second

factor, which may be a more important factor, is the rapid growth of

export trade. From 2002 to 2007, China’s exports increased by 246.80%,

while imports increased by 199.97% (National Bureau of Statistics, 2008).

Export growth is significantly higher than imports, which may lead to a

sharp increase in net exports. Decomposition analysis using input and

output structures, Liu et al. (2010) also found that the total export

expansion of export and energy-intensive products tends to expand,

reflecting the export of energy from 1992 to 2005, but the improvement

and change of energy efficiency in the primary energy consumption

structure can offset part of the impact on export energy. The above

driving force is implemented.

Although, based on the coal-based energy consumption structure, the

carbon dioxide emissions produced by the secondary industry-based

production structure, the more important role, it may be difficult for

China to adjust because of its endowment characteristics, and in a very

short time Its structural characteristics and its current economic

development stage. In addition, the expansion of China’s foreign trade,

including the expansion of the trade surplus, is mainly the result of the

market economy’s maximizing its comparative advantage. The

development-replacement of China's economy not only provided many of

the world's goods and services, but also reduced the nation's

production-based relative costs in developed countries. China’s foreign

trade has always played an important role in the development of the

world economy, due to its huge market, stable government system and

abundant cheap labor. Therefore, it can be argued that at the current stage,

for China's better methods to reduce the impact of international trade on

national or global CO2 emissions should be to improve its production

technology, reduce the intensity of energy consumption as a whole, not

only to control China The amount of foreign trade. In addition, the

imported goods from China should take part in China's carbon emission

responsibilities, because the CON-consumer demand of foreign

consumers has generated a large amount of China's carbon emissions,

especially for consumers in developed countries.

Conclusion

Despite some uncertainties in this study, most areas produced from

the details of the data, we can conclude that international trade has a

significant impact on China's carbon emissions, and changed the impact

of time on going. Compared with 2002 emissions, domestic export

emissions in 2007 increased from 267.07 MTC to 718.31 MTC, with a

speed increase of over 160%; net exports also increased correspondingly,

from 204.08 MTC up to 615.65 MTC, over 200% growth rate Now. From

23.97% in 2002, the share of domestic emissions from domestic

emissions jumped to 34.76% in 2007. The share of pre-net transplants

that exceeded domestic emissions also rose from 18.32% in 2002 to

29.79% in 2007. The results show that more and more significant net

export behaviors of implied carbon emissions exist in China's economy

and processing trade have more and more significant effects on carbon

emissions.

Regardless of the emissions of imported emissions or exports, most

industries showed a growth trend in 2007. Compared with 2002,

emissions although the sectoral emissions have changed for the entire

economy from 2002 to 2002, The impact, of which the largest percentage

of imported major department or China's export emissions remain

unchanged. The largest import emissions (all or actual imports) come

from the industries of electrical machinery and communications

electronics, chemicals, smelting and rolling plus metals. Electrical

machinery and communications electronics equipment, chemicals,

textiles and other sectors are the largest emitters of exports, net exports of

which are also the largest. Technological progress may be the most

favorable and acceptable way for China and other developing countries to

reduce their carbon emissions. Considering that the world’s largest carbon

emissions and the recent increase in emissions are in developing countries,

the historical responsibility for the current responsibilities, developed

countries should also take more efforts to help developing countries

reduce their carbon emissions. Economic growth through technical

assistance And financial support. In the car's list of future emissions

reductions, which include the total economic output, the carbon emissions

reflected in international trade will be fair and reasonable.

中文译文

国际贸易对中国碳排放的影响: 一份具有经验性的分析

作者：B Wei ， X Fang ， Y Wang

摘要

国际贸易是一个国家碳排放量重要的影响因素,自 2002年加 入世贸组织,中国对外贸易的快速发展对碳排放的影响越来越显著。 通过分析 2002年至 2007年间可投入产出表和能源消耗的数据分析,

中国对外贸易的影响体现在贸易中碳排放量的变化。结果表明, 在中

国国际贸易隐含碳排放的越来越多的显著出口行为。从 2002年到

2007年,净出口的排放量和国内出口排放的国内排放量的比例从

18.32%提高到 29.79%和 23.97的%至 34.76%之间。此外, 加工贸易在 2002年和 2007年分别, 这是进口然后再出口的排放量分别产生了约22.10%,总进口的排放量 32.29%。虽然,大多数行业的表现在进

口和出口的排放增长趋势,电气机械和通信电子设备,化工,纺织行业仍然是最大的排放出口,净出口的排放量,其中也最大。对于中国和其他发展中国家的技术进步可能是最有利的和可接受的方式来减少碳排放量在目前的阶段。在减排的未来谈判, 它包括占经济总量的排放时,体现在国际贸易中的碳排放量会比较公平合理。

关键词:投入产出分析 ; 碳排放量 ; 国际贸易 ; 中国

引言

全球气候变暖已被认为是一个不争的事实。 其主要原因为全球气候系 统的变暖是由于大气中温室气体浓度的不断增加,人类活动(IPCC , 2007年)的结果。为了避免对人类社会的全球变暖可能造成的负面影响, 一系列措施已经采取了减少全球温室气体排放, 以减缓全球变暖。然而,围绕CO2减排和未来的碳排放权的分配方式,游戏中扮演着不同的利益群体。

随着全球化的发展, 对环境的国际贸易的影响越来越显著, 包括地理 搬迁碳排放的潜在影响。 许多研究人员估计体现在国际贸易中对某些国家以及世界经济(威科夫和鲁普, 1994年的碳排放量 ; 谢弗和莱亚尔德萨, 1996年,马查多等人, 2001年 ; Munksgaard的 Peder

和森, 2001年 ; 艾哈迈德和威科夫, 2003; 桑切斯 - Chóliz 和杜阿尔特, 2004; Peters 和赫卫区, 2006年, 2008年 ;Mäenpää等, 2007; 阿克曼等, 2007) 。 一般的结论是,在更加开放的经济,大外贸的影响,对一个国家的碳 排放量。此外, 所有这些研究已经指出,进口与出口贸易不能忽视一个相对开放的经济体 ; 否则,能源和碳排放数字可能被严

重扭曲这个经济 (马查多等, 2001) 。 在总量上, 中国的贸易盈余的价值从 304.3亿美元,在 2002年扩大到 2618.3亿美元,在 2007年(国家统计局, 2008)。中国对外贸易的快速增长将会对中国的碳排放显著的效果。

作为碳排放量最高的国家之一,中国正面临着减排的压力越来越大。 不过, 中国也是一个大国的国际贸易, 中国经济的快速发展导致了外贸稳定增长。 从1997年到 2002年, 中国的进口总额和出口值增长了 14.35%的平均年增长率。自加入世界贸易组织,中国的贸易的年均 增长率跃升至 28.64%,从 2002年到 2007年与 2002年相比出口值, 它在 2007年增加了 2.7倍, 达到 12177.8亿美元。 而进口额也猛增 至 9559.5亿美元在 2007年, 比 2002年的进口额高出 2.2倍。 在总量上,中国的贸易盈余的价值从 304.3亿美元,在 2002年扩大到 2618.3亿美元,在 2007年(国家统计局, 2008)。中国对外贸易 的快速增长将会对中国的碳排放有着显著的效果。

然而, 在能源使用和碳排放中国国际贸易的影响进行定量评价最近才开始。 IEA (2007年)的估计显示,体现在中国的国内生产出口能源 相关的二氧化碳排放量占总排放量的 34%, 2004年如果使用的是从中国进口的商品国家的加权平均碳强度,的估计中国的净出口

EM-浓郁 CO2可能是总排放量的 17%以上, 2004年(莱文, 2008年)。

采用单区域投入产出模型,潘等人(2008)估计,在 2002年其生产 的排放量能源和排放分别占中国的净出口一次能源消费量的 16%和 19%,在 2002年应用环境的投入产出分析,中国报告的产量排放量 网前移

植排放到美国就占约 5%,韦伯等人(2008年), ESTI 交配 生产从

1987年到 2005年在中国二氧化碳的排放量出口。 2005年, 大约三分之一的中国排放是由于生产出口, 而且这一比例已经从 12%上升在 1987年到 2002年的 21%; 在发达国家, 消费是推动这一趋势。

伟等人的估计(2009年 a )也发现,存在于中国经济在 2002年的排 放量体现了显著出口行为 ; 此外, 后来出口 (EMIS-所起到的加工贸易)

是进口总量排放量 20%以上。 此外, 使用多区域投入产出模型,

Peters 和赫卫 (2008) 也发现, 出口排放为代表的中国国内排放量的

24.4%, 2001年进口的排放量的比例仅为 6.6%。阿特金森等人的类似的研究 (2009年)也显示,中国是国际贸易中的碳排放量的净出口国。近 年来,使用基于物理进入方案的生态投入产出 MOD-鹅岭,陈和陈

(2010)估计, 2007年中国出口的二氧化碳排放量和总能量分别在 总排放量的 32.31%和 33.65%。

美国和欧洲国家都是中国出口的碳排放的主要进口国。 用经济投入产 出生命周期评估软件,瑞和哈里斯(2006)发现,在 1997-2003年约 7%的中国出口到美国的二氧化碳排放量的 14%是生产商品, ; 美国的 二氧化碳排放量将在 3%-6%,如果增加从中国进口的货物已经生产 在美国。 AP-行走类似的方法, 李休伊特发现英国和中国之间的双边 贸易(2008)产生的二氧化碳排放量约 4%, 2004年中国的二氧化碳 排放量分别为供英国市场生产商品和英国贸易减少了大约

11%。韦 伯等人的估计(2008年)也发现,近期中国出口排放的大部分去了发达国家,大约 27%的美国, 19%的欧盟 27国, 14%的剩余附件

B国家,主要是日本,澳大利亚和新新西兰。近日,徐等人(2009)研 究了能源消耗和废气排放对环境的影响, 2002至 2007年使用环保投入产出分析和调整双边的贸易数据体现在东(从中国到美国)贸易。 张(2009)的研究也得到了类似的结果,能源和 CO2分别约占中国 的能源消费量的 12%和 17%, 中国的二氧化碳排放量的 8%和 12%。

虽然中国国际贸易对碳排放是一项有意义的研究, 进一步的相关研究 是必要的,因为中国对外贸易的快速发展,特别是加工贸易的发展。 据统计(国家统计局, 2008),自 1996年以来加工贸易的出口份额 一直超过出口总额的 50%, 2002年和 2007年所占份额最多时分别达 到 55.26%和 50.71%, 这将是加工贸易和一般贸易对中国的碳排放影 响的必要区分。

由于中国投入产出表只有 5年, 我们选择了 2002年 (加入世贸组织) 到 2007年(最新一期),中国的国际贸易投入产出表对碳排放的影 响随着本文最后的要求观点的影响而变化。 此外, 我们区分国产加工贸易和进口投入在生产流程的评估(进口排放和再出口),这将利于 我们进一步了解国际贸易对排放量状况的影响。 在这项研究中,

我们 试图回答三个问题:1)作为一个大国的外贸,什么是由于进出口贸 易在中国的外国地区所产生的净排放量? 2)中国从 2002年到

2007年, 国际贸易怎么对碳排放造成影响? 3) 从 2002年到 2007年哪些 部门是中国进出口贸易的主要排放行业以及他们的角色?

讨论

碳排放量计算的不确定性

在计算中国贸易中的排放时体现了一定的不确定性。 其一是投入产出 分析本身有很多固有的不确定性(在 Lenzen , 2001年更多的讨论)。 基于对中国单一区域的投入产出表, 它可以让我们得到体现在中国出 口的排放量相对准确的评估, 但估计出口到中国的商品和服务的排放 量时,该错误可能会更显著(Lenzen , 2001; Lenzen等人,

2004)。 另外一个重要的不确定因素是计算来自不同地区, 这可能低估体现在 进口的制成品生产国与第三产业比重较大, 第二产业比重较小的排放量的进口碳强度因子的方法。 此外, 为了获得从原始的进出口表的进 口使用基质,亲等级导入柱的方法也将不可避免地导致某些错误。

目前, 对数据可用性的原因, 我们无法完全量化我们的计算结果的精 度, 但初步估计表明, 从研究使用更精确的数据结果不会显着改变这一分析得到的结论。 这些限制将通过使用多区域的进出口表和外区的 更准确的行业碳强度和扇区间的生产过程中, 在未来的详细分析的改进。

了解国际贸易对中国碳排放的影响

从 2002年到 2007年,外贸对中国碳排放的影响程度已经大幅扩大。 它可能在很大程度上关系到两个因素。 首先是煤炭为主的能源消费结 构,第二产业为主的生产结构,将保持国内的能源强度高。

2002年, 煤炭消费交流才算是能源消费总量的 66.3%。 而中国的国内生产总值 (GDP ) 的 44.8%, 是由于第二产业在 2002年 (国家统计局, 2008) 。 在 2007年,相关股价上涨分别高达 69.5%和 48.6%,

这将导致体现 在单元出口是高于体现在单位进口的碳排放量。 第二个因素, 这可能 是更重要的因素,是出口贸易的快速增长。从 2002年到 2007年,中 国的出口增长了 246.80%,而进口增长了

199.97%(国家统计局, 2008)。 出口增速明显高于进口,这可能会导致净出口的排放量急剧增加的更快。使用输入输出结构的去组成分析,刘等人。 (2010)也 发现,出口和能源密集型产品出口增长的扩张总量趋于扩大体现在 1992年至 2005年出口能源,但能源效率的提高和变化在一次能源消 费结构可抵消部分影响对出口能源实施上述驱动力。

虽然, 以煤炭为主的能源消费结构, 第二产业为主的生产结构产生的 碳排放量的增加, 更重要的作用, 它可能很难对中国调整因为其禀赋 特征,并在很短的时间的结构特点及其目前的经济发展阶段。此外, 中国的对外贸易, 包括贸易顺差扩大的增长, 主要是在市场经济体制 最大限度地发挥比较优势的结果。该开发 -包换中国经济不仅提供了 世界许多商品和服务的, 他们通过中国的出口需要休息的国家, 同时 也降低了全国生产 -化在发达国家的相对成本。中国对外贸易一直扮 演着世界经济发展的重要作用, 由于其巨大的市场, 稳定的政府体系 和丰富的廉价劳动力。因此,可以认为,在目前阶段,对于中国的更 好的方法, 以减少国际贸易对国家或全球二氧化碳排放量的影响应该 是改善其生产技术, 降低了能源消耗强度就整体而言,

不仅控制中国对外贸易的数额。此外, 该进口货物从中国应该采取对中国的碳排放责任的部分,因为国外消费者的CON-消费需求产生了

中国的大量的碳排放量,特别是对发达国家的消费者的国家。

总结

尽管在这项研究中的一些不确定因素,大部分地区从数据的细节产 生,我们可以得出结论,国际贸易对中国的碳排放量显著的影响,并

改变了时间的影响去了。比 2002年的排放量, 2007年的国内出口排

放 267.07 MTC增加到 718.31 MTC, 超过 160%的速度增长了 ; 净出口的排放量也相应增加,从 204.08 MTC高达 615.65 MTC,超过

200%的速度增长了。 从2002年 23.97%, 在国内排放国内出口排放的份额 跃升至2007年的 34.76%; 网前移植的排放量超过国内排放量的比重也从2002年的 18.32%上升到 2007年的 29.79%。 结果表明, 隐含碳排放的越来越多的显著的净出口行为存在于中国经济和加工贸易对碳排放的影响也越来越显著。

无论是进口的排放量或出口的排放,大部分行业表现出在 2007年的增长趋势, 与2002年相比, 排放量虽然部门排放量对整个经济从 2002年也发生了变化,以 2007年的影响,其中有进口的最大百分比主要 部门或中国出口的排放保持不变。 最大的进口排放量 (全部或实际进 口) 来自电气机械及通信电子设备, 化工, 冶炼及压延加金属的行业。 电器机械及通信电子设备,化工,纺织等部门是最大的排放出口,净 出口的排放量, 其中也最大。 技术进步可能是最有利的和可接受的方 式对中国和其他发展中国家, 以减少他们的碳排放量。

考虑为全球最 大的碳排放量以及最近的排放量的增长在发展中国家,

目前的责任的历史责任, 发达国家也应该采取更多努力, 帮助发展中

国家减少碳排放量通过技术援助的经济增长和财政支持。在车上榜减排的未来谈判, 它包括占经济总量的排放时, 体现在国际贸易中的碳排放量会比较公平合理。