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2023年12月22日发(作者:简单代码大全游戏)

英语培训材料(第一周)

材料选自:《新托业词汇必备》中国人民大学出版社

《新托业语法和词汇详解及实战试题》中国人民大学出版社

《托业国际交流英语教程》中国人民大学出版社

《疯狂英语口语版》

第一部分:单词

(注:单词一共25个,每天记忆5个。周末巩固复习)

able

adj.有能力的,能够的 (capable, competent)

be

able to finish the job 能够完成这项工作

an

able leader 有能力的领导者

派生词:enable vt. 使能够 ability n. 能力

enable people to be more efficient 让人们更有效率的做事

the ability to reason 推理能力

★ tip 1:be able to + 动词原形(主语是人或者是集合体)

2:enable 宾语 to + 动词原形(主语主要是事物)

3:ability to + 动词原形 具备做…的能力

The ability posting (×) → the ability to post (√)

accept vt.接受,允许

accept responsibility for 对于…负责

accept an invitation 接受邀请

accept a person’s hand in marriage 接受求婚

accept with open arms 欢迎…

派生词:adj. accepted 被接受的,被认可的

acceptable 可接受的(to)(反义词 unacceptable 不可接受的)

n. acceptance 承认,采用,(票据)承兑、认付

the generally accepted idea 被普遍接受的想法

★tip accept 含义为主动地表示同意和赞成的意愿,与它的意思相似的 take,receive 表示被动的接受。

access n.接近,可接近、进入的权利 vt.接近…,利用…

control

access to information 控制对信息的接触

have unlimited

access to the files 那些文件可以无限制地使用

use a browser to

access a websites 用浏览器来访问网站

派生词:adj. accessible 易接近的 n. accessibility 易接近性

accessibility through the Internet 可以通过网络获取

★ tip 1:access 作为名词时,后面需连接介词to,作为动词时,后面直接连接宾语。

2:have access to 可接近、使用…

3:give access to 允许接近、使用…

4:access 如果表示“为了利用…而接近”的意思时,与它意思相近的approach则主要表示空间上的接近。

accommodate vt.容纳(contain, hold),提供住处,提供方便,使适应,调整

accommodate large parties in our conference room 我们的会议室可以容纳很多人

accommodate

friend 帮助朋友

accommodate oneself to new surroundings 适应新的环境

派生词:n. accommodation(s)膳宿设施,方便,适应,调整

phone a hotel for accommodations 打电话向旅馆预订客房

★ tip odate 作为动词时,前面不能出现介词

odation 作为“住宿设施”的含义在托业考试中经常出现,务必牢记。

account n.计算,账户,说明,理由,重要性

vi.说明,思考

account number 账户号码

account for the incident 说明事件

派生词:n. accountant 会计师 accounting 会计,清算

advertise for a new accountant 广告招聘会计师

national accounting certification 国家会计师资格证

★ tip 1.由于account是可数名词,所以需要连接冠词或者作为负数形式使用

open account(×)→ open an account(√)开设账户

A into account 考虑到A

accurate adj.准确的(exact),精密的(precise)

just as

accurate 完全正确的 an

accurate statement 正确的陈述

派生词:adv. accurately 准确地,精确地 n. accuracy 准确性

accurately account for revenues from subsidiary 准确地报告补充出入

the accuracy of the experiment 试验的准确度

★ tip te, accurately, inaccurate 在考试中出现频率相似

ate 不准确的 inaccurate information 不准确的信息

adapt

vt.使适应,改编(modify)

vi.适应,熟悉

adapt oneself to circumstance 使自己适应环境

adapt a story for broadcasting 为广播而改编故事

adapt to life in America 适应美国生活

派生词:adj. adaptable 可适应的,可改编的

n. adaptation 适应,改编 adaptability 适应性

adaptable to any climate 适应任何天气

complete the structural adaptations 完成结构改革

flexibility and adaptability 灵活性和适应性

★ tip 1. 注意与adept(熟练的),adopt(采纳、收养)的区别.

2. adapt A for B 使A为适应B而改变

addition

n.额外,补充(extra, supplement, bonus, attachment);附加(物);加法

Several of the additions 几个附加事项

Have another addition to one’s family 又增加了一个家庭成员

派生词:adj. additional 附加的,追加的 v. add 增加

adv. additionally 附加的,另外

available at an additional cost of $5.00 多花5美元即可获取

add a name to a list 在名簿上添加一个名字

an additional charge 附加费用

★ tip 1. 人作主语,add用作及物动词时,以add A to B(把A加在B上)的形式出现,而表示“增加“的意思时,以add to A 的形式出现。

2.add 常与 on 搭配使用,例如:add on two other tasks 另外增加了两个任务。

3.in addition to 另外

address

n.演讲(speech, oration),住址 vt.演说,寄(信),处理(问题)

an address on current problems 关于当前问题的演说

an opening address 开幕词

a closing address 闭幕词

print your address on the label 请把地址写在标签上

address a problem 处理问题

★tip address 意思和词性较多,如果不正确掌握的话,会给解题造成相当大的困难,因此这里给出的词义请务必牢记。

adequately

adv.适当地,充分地(sufficiently)

be adequately prepared 充分准备

be adequately wrapped 适当包装

派生词:adj. adequate 适当的,充分的

be usually adequate for most businesses 适合于大部分的企业

★ tip 1. adequate 与 for,to 连用的时候,表示“适合于……,对……很充分“的意思

2.作为副词的adequately 和作为形容词的adequate 在托业考试中经常以提干的形式出现,两者都要熟练掌握。

administer

v.管理(run, handle, manage);执行(法律,判决);给予(药等)

administer public affairs 执行公务

administer justice to a person 对某人执行司法判决

派生词:n. administration 管理;执行;统治;行政部

adj. administrative 管理的

recently-elected administration 最近选出的政府

administrative divisions 行政划分

★ tip 动词administer 和名词 administration 两者都是在托业考试中经常出现的词语,名词形式比动词形式更为常见,不仅在文章和句子中,还经常以题干形式出现。而动词更多的是以句子或文章的形式出现的。

admit

vt.接受(某种立场);承认;容许进入(某场所、某地)

admit by ticket alone 仅允许凭票入场

admit one’s guilt 认定某人的罪行

this hall admits 50 persons. 这个大厅可容纳50人。

派生词:n. admission立场,许可

adj. admittable admittible 可接受的

adv. admittedly 被确认无疑地

the admission fee 入场券

★tip admit 及其派生词在托业考试中经常出现,一定要熟记。以往的考试中动词admit 和名词 admission 经常出现,而最近形容词admittable 和 admittedly 有时也会成为考察的对象。

adopt

vt. 采用(select, choose),采纳,收养(养子、养女)

adopt a method (proposal) 采纳办法(建议)

adopt a child as one’s heir 收养孩子作为继承人

adopt a person into a family 把某人作为家庭的一员

The government will adopt measures to protect human rights of foreigners.政府将采取措施保护外国人的人权。

派生词:adj. adoptable 可采纳的

adopted 被收养的(养子、养女),被采纳的

a legally adopted daughter 合法领养的女儿

★tip 1. 注意不要与adapt(使适应), adept(熟练的,正统的)混淆。

2. 作为及物动词时,不能加介词。

advance n. 前进;发展;晋升(promotion)

vt. 前进;发展,提前;提升

adj. 前面的,预付的

the greatest advances in medicine 医学领域的重大进展

advance reservation 事前预约

advance in life 生活的进步

派生词:adj. advanced 进步的;高级的 n. advancement 晋升,进步

advanced company system 尖端公司系统

advancement within the firm 在公司中的晋升

★ tip 1.介词的位置不同意思有所不同

in advance(事先):at least three months in advance 至少提前三个月

advance in(在……的发展):an advance in office 提拔

2.advance on(进攻……):an advance on an enemy 向敌人发起进攻

advantage

n.益处(benefit, profit);利益;有利的地位(dominance)

the advantage of education 教育的益处

it is to your advantage to invest wisely. 进行明智的投资对你有好处

take a person at advantage 趁机利用某人

派生词:adj. advantageous 有利的(反义词 disadvantageous)

advantageous bargain 低价买到的东西

★ tip 1. take the advantage of (×)→take advantage of (○) 利用

2. have the advantage of 具有……的优势;处在……的有利地位

advise

vt.忠告,劝告(counsel)

advise you to be cautious 建议你小心一点

Her lawyer has advised her against making any statement to the press.她的律师劝告她不要向媒体发表任何言论。

advise oneself 考虑

advise with one’s pillow 整夜思考,认真考虑

派生词:n. adviser, advisor 顾问,劝告者 advice 忠告,建议

adj. advisory 忠告的,劝告的

legal advisor 法律咨询者

an advisory committee 咨询委员会

★ tip 1. advice 后面连接介词on/about.

2. 注意区别名词 advice和动词 advise.

3. advise/counsel

advise-(具有一定的知识、经验的人)对于应该采取何种方法的建议

counsel-(主要指具备专业知识的人)提供的建议,商议

affect

vt. 给……带来影响(influence);使感动;假装

n. 情绪

errors which could affect the functioning 影响机能的错误

The cancer affected his stomach. 癌症影响了他的胃功能

The performance affected me deeply. 演出把我深深地感动了。

affect ignorance 假装不知道

派生词:n. affectation 假装,做作

adj. affected 受到影响的

affected area 受(台风等)影响区域

★ tip 1. 经常以 be affected by (受……影响)的形式出现。

2. 不要把 affect (感情,情绪)和 affection (爱情)混淆。

afford vt.有(经济、时间上的)闲余(have the money [time] for)

afford to buy a new car 有能力买一辆新车

cannot afford the tuition fees 无法支付学费

派生词:adj. affordable 支付得起的,价格适当的

affordable for the average consumer 一般消费者也可以支付

★ tip 1. afford 后面不能接动名词,以afford to 动词不定式的形式出现或连接名词

2.经常与can/maybe 一起使用

agenda

vi.案件;议事日程;备忘录

several items on the agenda 几个议程项目

the agenda of today’s meeting 今天会议的议事日程

★ tip 1. agenda 前面使用介词 on

on the agenda 在议事日程中

2. be at the top of the agenda 最重要的议题

3. agenda 除了在part1 中以外,在其他各部分中出现几率相似,通常在文章中出现。

agree vi.同意 (consent, assent),意见一致

agree to the terms of the merger 同意合并的条件

I cannot agree with you on the matter. 在这件事上我不能同意你的意见。

I couldn’t agree more. 我完全同意。

派生词:n. agreement 协议,契约 adj. agreeable 使人愉快的,赞成的

reach a quick agreement 迅速达成协议

agreeable to the taste 味道很好

★ tip 1. agree 与介词 to/on/with 一起使用

agree to+物/agree with+人/agree on+意见

2. 动词agree 和名词agreement 经常在托业试题中出现,最近形容词agreeable 出现的频率逐渐增加。

aid

vt. 帮助(help, assist),援助 n. 援助

aid war victims 援助战争受害者

She aided me to cook. 她帮我做饭

economic aid 经济援助

first aid kit 急救箱

★tip 1. 注意不要与aide(助手,副官)混淆

2. first aid 急救

aim n.目标(object, purpose)目的 vt.对……瞄准,以……为目标

one of the aims of the annual conference 年会的目标之一

products that are aimed at improving energy efficiency 以提高能源利用效率为目标的产品

派生词:adj. aimed 选定目标,瞄准(at)

develop a product line aimed at young adults 开发以年轻人为对象的新产品系列

★ tip 1. aim 所连接的介词不同,意思有所差异。

aim at 瞄准/aim to+动词原形 打算做……

2. with the aim of 怀着……的目标

allocate vt.分派(assign, allot);分配;配置

allocate more resources 分配更多的资源

allocate a role to each other 分配彼此的角色

派生词:n. allocation 分派;分配;配置

discuss the allocation of tasks 讨论任务的分配

★ tip 1. allocate 在表示目的的名词前面时,使用介词for.

2. allocate A to B 把A分配给B

allow v.允许(permit, let)

allow school officials to focus on educational issues 使教职员工把工作重点放在教育问题上

The school authorities won’t allow smoking. 校方不允许抽烟。

派生词:n. allowance 允许;津贴

adj. allowable 允许的

the transportation allowance policy 交通费补贴政策

★ tip 1. allow+宾语 to+动词原形的形式经常出现在阅读理解的文章中。

2. allow 后面不能直接连接to 的不定式形式作宾语,但可以连接名词或动名词作宾语。

3. allow for 斟酌,考虑

第二部分:语法

名词

A—1 名词一般和冠词(a/the)连用

【例1】The management planned to promote promising at the end of

the year.

(A) manage (B)managing (C) manager (D) managers

(1) The salesperson was promoted to a director. 那个售货员升职为理事了。

(2) 负数名词显然不能跟冠词a连用,有时连the都可以省略。

Our department store wants to offer valued customers a great opportunity to

use discount coupons.

我们商店想给老主顾们提供使用打折券的好机会。

A—2 不可数名词

【例2】As merger process is getting visibly realized, some useful is

needed.

(A) staffs (B)information (C)document (D) furnitures

不可数名词有:

1) 抽象名词:love, truth, friendship, death, optimism

2) 专有名词:国名、公司名、人名…

3) 物质名词:water, iron, bread, money, paper(当试卷讲的时候是可数名词)等等

在托业考试里经常考到的不可数名词如下:

不可数名词

furniture

information

意思

家具

信息

出题点

A furniture(×)前面不能加a

cf. furnishings 家具

informations(×) 后面不能加s

cf. a source of information 信息的出处

many staffs(×)前面不能加many后面不能加s

staff 职员

cf.像a staff member这样,如果后面有member的话前面要用a

mail

advice

邮件

建议

by mails(×)后面不能加s

cf. an email 一封邮件

an excellent advice(×)要去掉形容词前面的an

cf. an advisor 参谋

另外,some/much/(a)little 等修饰不可数名词,many/(a)few等修饰可数名词

A—3 表示职业/身份的单数名词要与a(n)连用

【例3】He has worked at a financial company since he became .

(A) analyst (B)analysts (C)a analyst (D)an analyst

下面是在考试中经常考到的表示人物、事物的名词

人物名词

translator

(译者)

supervisor

(监督员)

traveler

(旅者)

coordinator

(协调人)

member

(成员)

applicant

(申请人)

photographer

(摄影师)

inspector

(检查官)

事物名词

translation

(翻译)

supervision

(监督)

travel

(旅行)

coordination

membership

(成员身份,资格)

application

(申请书)

photography

(摄影)

inspection

Please fill out this application(√)form.

Please fill out this applicant(×)form.

The photographer(√)is now developing a roll of

film.

The photography(×)is now developing a roll of

film.

Go through customs inspection(√)before boarding.

出题点

The translator(√)is working in foreign affairs.

The translation(×)is working in foreign affairs.

The demanding supervisor(√)stopped working.

The demanding supervision(×)stopped working.

The agency will provide travelers(√)with

itineraries.

The agency will provide travel(×)with itineraries.

She will complete her coordination(√)with plans.

Card member(√)will be given special coupons.

Card membership(×)will be given special coupons.

(造成,合作)

She will complete her coordinator(×)with plans.

(检查,检阅)

Go through customs inspector(×)before boarding.

A—4 –ing名词和一些专有名词原则上属于不可数名词

【例4】The Chamber of Commerce decided to open thousands of job

for college graduates this year.

(A) open (B) opening (C)openings (D) opener

(1) –ing名词

seat作为及物动词表示“使坐下”,当名词讲的时候表示“座位”,属于可数名词。但是后面加上ing即seating却是不可数名词,表示“安排座位”的意思(见下表)。一定要记住这种后面加上ing的不可数名词哦!

可数名词

seat

(座位)

price

(价格)

process

(过程、步骤、手续)

advertisement

(广告)

ticket

(票)

不可数名词

seating

(安排座位)

pricing

(指定价格)

processing

(处理)

advertising

(集合性的广告)

ticketing

(票的发行)

出题点

He completed a seating in the first rows.

他安排好了最前面的座位。

Inflation affects a stock pricing.

通货膨胀对股市价格的制定产生了影响。

a complicated processing

复杂的处理过程

He focuses on Web design and

advertisings.

他主要做网络设计和广告工作。

Your ticketings is at gate 1.

请您从1号门进。

注:表格中红色字体的字母是错误的用法,需要去掉!

例外:1 要注意job opening(空职位,缺人)和meeting虽然是-ing形式的名词,但也属于可数名词。

2 名词discount当“打折”讲的时候虽然看起来是不可数名词,但实际上可作可数名词用。

3 名词relation当“关系”讲的时候既是不可数名词又是可数名词,像community relations, business relations这样组成复合名词使用时成为可数名词(抽象名词的普通名词化)

(2)学科专有名词

表示学科的名词中economics在考试中作为出题点出现。虽然学科专有名词后面

直接加s变成复数,但是经常以单数形式出现。还有一点应该引起注意,不仅是a,an甚至连the都不能加。

Although he specialized in the political science, he changed his major to the

economics in this graduate school.

注:两个标红颜色的the是错误用法,应该去掉。

A—5 名词的核心points

(1)一定要用名词的情况

 a,an后面:He has become a lawyer.

 the后面:Construction companies built the building.

 所有格后面:Take a look at your umbrella.

 介词和介词之间:In observance of holidays, you should close the shop.

(2)名词是人物还是事物,取决于动词的属性

 The project will provide investors with high profits.→provide A[人物名词]with B[事物名词]

(3)名词可以充当主语,宾语,补语

 Protect is needed for children.(×)→因为在主语位置上,一定要用protection.

(4)every/each+单数名词

 We will accept every application forms.(×)→form

(5)因为不可数名词不可数,many,(a)few等不能作为修饰语,much和a little可以

 We still need much information(√)/many information(×)

(6)存在像means一样以s结尾的名词

We should look for every means possible.

(7)要用复数名词的情况

 Many, a few后面/one of the, some of the后面/a variety of后面。

(8)具有多种意义的名词

 function:除了“机能、功能”的意思外还有“盛大的集会”的意思。

 proceeds:虽然动词proceed是“继续进行,进行下去”的意思,加上s成为复数名词的话具有“受益”的意思。

第三部分:应用英语

Start-up

Discuss these statements. Give reason for your opinions.

1. For the best results, managers should tell employees exactly what to do and

how to do it.

2. Employees are more productive when they have the freedom to use their

own ideas and make decisions.

A.Match the nouns to their definitions

1. commitment a. when people decide what to do without being told

2. satisfaction b. the ability to think of good ideas

3. responsibility c. when a manger tells an employee what to do and how to do it

4. initiative d. a good feeling you get when you have done something well

5. supervision e. when a manager tries to persuade an employee to do something

6. motivation f. the opportunity to make decisions

7. imagination g. the feeling of belonging to an organization, causing you to work hard for it

agement h. the feeling of wanting or needing to do something

B. Read about two theories. Complete the gaps using the words in the box.

satisfaction commitment supervision initiative responsibility

THEORY X AND THEORY Y

Theory X says that people are lazy and need constant 1 . This means

that managers have to monitor their employees closely to make sure that they

work hard. According to Theory X, people don’t want to make their own

decision so managers have to make them. Managers don’t discuss decisions

with employees—they just tell them what to do.

Theory Y says that people enjoy using their imagination and creativity to

solve problems. This often means that they perform better and they get a lot


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