22版:形容词和副词(创新设计)

形容词和副词

形容词和副词是高考的必考点，主要以“用括号中所给词的正确形式填空”的形式考查考生。考查重点主要分布在：

①形容词和副词的转换 ②常见形容词固定搭配

③形容词和副词的比较等级 ④同源副词的词义辨析

考点1

1.形容词、副词的句法功能

形容词、副词的句法功能及相互转换

2．名词、动词转化为形容词的后缀

后缀 例词

accept→acceptable可接受的

comfort→comfortable舒适的

fashion→fashionable时髦的

－able

suit→suitable合适的

reason→reasonable合理的

respect→respectable值得尊敬的

forget→forgettable易被忘记的

music→musical音乐的

origin→original最初的

－al

centre→central中央的，中心的

person→personal个人的

nature→natural自然的

doubt→doubtful怀疑的

forget→forgetful健忘的

harm→harmful有害的

－ful

hope→hopeful有希望的

peace→peaceful 和平的

care→careful仔细的

respect→respectful恭敬的

－ed scare→scared感到恐惧的

confuse→confused 感到困惑的

underline→underlined 加下划线的

frighten→frightened害怕的

surprise→surprising令人吃惊的

convince→convincing令人信服的

－ing

satisfy→satisfying令人满意的

reward→rewarding有益的；有收获的

appeal→appealing吸引人的

demand→demanding要求高的

access→accessible可接近的

－ible

horror→horrible可怕的，恐怖的

terror→terrible可怕的

act→active积极的；活跃的

－ive

effect→effective有效的；生效的

attract→attractive有吸引力的

impress→impressive给人深刻印象的

continue→continuous持续的

anxiety→anxious忧虑的

caution→cautious小心的，谨慎的

－ous

curiosity→curious好奇的

humour→humorous幽默的

danger→dangerous危险的

poison→poisonous有毒的

－some

tire→tiresome令人厌倦的

trouble→troublesome麻烦的

taste→tasty美味的，可口的

－y

health→healthy健康的

wealth→wealthy富裕的，富有的

wind→windy多风的

rain→rainy多雨的

－ern

east→eastern东方的； 向东的

west→western西方的

child→childish孩子气的

－ish

fool→foolish愚蠢的；可笑的

self→selfish自私的

【名师指津】 以－ed 结尾的形容词多表示主语所处的状态，意为“感到……的”，通常修饰人； 以－ing结尾的形容词多表示主语所具有的特征，意为“令……的”，通常修饰物或事。

3．形容词转化为副词

He made a very interesting speech last week.

他上周做了一次非常有趣的演讲。

Listen to me carefully, please.

请认真听我说。

单句语法填空

①In the 18th and 19th centuries, wealthy (wealth) people travelled and collected

plants, historical objects and works of art.(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ语法填空)

②Landing on the moon’s far side is extremely (extreme) challenging.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)

③Certainly (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must.(2020·全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)

④They also shared with us many traditional__(tradition)stories about Hawaii that

were hugely popular with tourists.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)

⑤It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range

has been poorly (poor) studied.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)

⑥Her years of hard work have finally (final)been acknowledged after a customer

nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)

考点2 形容词、副词的比较等级

一、形容词和副词比较级和最高级的词形变化

1．规则变化

词形分类及

变化方法

一般加－er或－est

以e结尾的，只加－r或－st

单音节词

以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一big

hot

fat

bigger

hotter

fatter

biggest

hottest

fattest

原级 比较级 最高级

tall taller tallest

nice nicer nicest

和少数个辅音字母的，先双

音节词

双写该辅音字母再加－er或－est

以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的，先变y为i再加－er或－est

其他双音

节词和多

音节词

在前面加

more或most

happy

easy

happier

easier

happiest

easiest

difficult

more

difficult

most

difficult

2.不规则变化

原级

good/well

bad (badly)/ill

many/much

little

far

old

比较级

better

worse

more

less

farther/further

older/elder

最高级

best

worst

most

least

farthest/furthest

oldest/eldest

二、形容词和副词的比较等级的用法

1．平级比较

(1)“as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as”与“not as/so＋形容词/副词的原级＋as”表示同级比较。

The book is not so/as difficult as you imagine.

这本书不是你想象的那么难。

(2)as＋形容词＋(a/an)＋名词＋as表同级比较，注意中间的形容词和名词并列时各自所在的位置。

I watched him become as tender and caring a father as he was a son.

我看着他从一个温柔、体贴的儿子成长为一个同样温柔、体贴的父亲。

2．比较级

(1)比较级的常见结构

①比较级＋than：表达一方超过或低于另一方的情况。

She doesn’t work harder than you.

她工作不如你努力。

②more/fewer/less＋名词＋than：比……多/少

I have more new books than my cousin.

我的新书比我表弟的新书多。

【名师指津】 比较级的修饰语有：rather, much，still, any(否定句、疑问句中), even,

far, a lot，a bit, a little, a great deal等。

He is much taller than Yao Ming.

他比姚明高多了。

(2)比较级的特殊结构

①The＋比较级．..，the ＋比较级．..表示“越……，就越……”

The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.

你越细心，你犯的错误就会越少。

②“比较级＋比较级”和“more and more＋多音节词原级”表示“越来越……”

Our city becomes more and more beautiful.

我们的城市变得越来越漂亮。

③“no ＋比较级＋than”表示“和……一样不……”

You are no taller than I．你和我一样都不高。

3．最高级

(1)表达最高级意义的常见结构

主语＋谓语＋the ＋最高级＋表示范围的状语(of the students, in the class等)。

This apple is the biggest of the five.

这个苹果是五个苹果中最大的一个。

(2)表达最高级意义的特殊结构(比较级形式表示最高级意义)

①a(n)＋比较级＋可数名词单数

I have never read a better book than this.

这是我读过的最好的一本书。

②否定词＋比较级＝最高级

—Are you satisfied with what he said at the meeting?

你对他在会议上说的满意吗？

— couldn’t have been worse.

不。再糟糕不过了。

比较级＋than＋all the other＋复数名词比较级＋than＋anyone else主语＋比较级＋than＋any of the other＋复数 ③谓语＋ 名词比较级＋than＋the rest of＋复数名词或 不可数名词Julia is taller than any other girl in her class.

＝Julia is taller than all the other girls in her class.

＝Julia is taller than any of the other girls in her class.

＝Julia is taller than the rest of the girls in her class.

＝Julia is the tallest girl in her class.

Julia是她班上最高的女生。

单句语法填空

①Farming produced more food per person than__hunting and gathering，so people

were able to raise more children.(2020·浙江卷语法填空)

②One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great

artists to come and present their finest (fine) work, so that he could choose the

best.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)

③The far side of the moon is of particular interest to scientists because it has a lot of

deep craters (环形山), more so than__the familiar near side.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)

④Scientists have responded by noting that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集)

around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are higher

(high) than they actually are.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)

⑤According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years

longer (long) than non－runners.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)

考点3

表示倍数的句型：

倍数表达法

比较级＋than＋any other＋单数名词

(1)A＋be＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B

(2)A＋be＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B

(3)A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height, weight, width, depth等)＋of＋B

(4)A＋be＋倍数＋that＋of＋B

(5)A＋be＋倍数＋what 引导的名词性从句

This building is three times the height of that one.

这个建筑物是那个建筑物的3倍高。

The output of this year is 3 times that of 2008.

＝The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2008.

今年的产量是2008年的三倍。

单句语法填空

①The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.

②The new school is three times as big as the previous one.

③The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster (fast) than traditional

garbage as a whole.

④The number of students now in this school is four times what it was ten years ago.

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．The Hong Kong－Zhuhai－Macao Bridge, as the longest__(long) sea－crossing

bridge in the world, is expected to have 5G service in the future.

2．The study also found that those born in winter were less (little) likely to get angry

than those born in summer.

3．When setting off for your appointment, you should make allowance for the traffic

and make sure that you are on time or earlier__(early) than expected.

4．To protect the pandas，in 2012，Earthwatch Institute，a global nonprofit that teams

volunteers with scientists to conduct important scientific (science)research，launched a

program called“On the Trail of Giant Panda”．(2021·山东省师大附中高三3月线上模拟)

5． said the door ened (Frighten), he rushed away.(2021·湘潭

县一中高三5月模拟)

6． is very friendly to others, and his adult son, Bob, is one of the

kindest(kind) men I have ever known.

7．It is certainly(certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal.(全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)

8．The title will be officially(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.(全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)

9．The Central London Railway was one of the most successful__(success) of these

new lines, and was opened in 1900.(全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)

10．That makes her baby scream, and then a 400－pound male screams

the loudest(loud) of all.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)

Ⅱ.单句写作

1．终于，我们到家了，又累又饿。(hungry，tired)

At__last，we__arrived__home，hungry__and__tired.

2．唱歌可以使人放松，帮助减轻压力。(sing songs，relaxing，reduce stress)

Singing__songs__is__relaxing，which__can__help__reduce__stress.

3．我们学校的校园是十年前的两倍大。(the size of，the schoolyard，twice，what

it was)

The__size__of__the__schoolyard__of__our__school__is__twice__what__it__was__ten__years__ago.

4．去北京的这次旅行真是妙极了。我从来没有经历过比这更有趣、更令人兴奋的旅行。(the tour to, fantastic，experience)

The__tour__to__Beijing__was__fantastic.I__had__never__experienced__a__more__interesting__and__exciting__one.

Ⅲ.语法填空

Mary had lived in China for 1.____________ (near) twenty years before she came

here.I’ve planned to visit China next I requested her to tell me the

2.____________ (good) time to go said to me, “The most comfortable

time to visit China is either between March and May or between September and early

these months, the weather is 3.____________ (particular) pleasant

throughout the country, neither too hot nor too cold.”

I’m 4.____________ (interest) in tasting all kinds of food all over the world.I asked

her to say something about the 5.____________ (China)food.“Well, Chinese food is

delicious and 6.____________ (reasonable) is even 7.____________

(good) is that restaurants do not ask for or accept tips，”she said 8.____________

(patient)．“Language can be a problem in China, 9.____________ (especial) for first－time visitors.”said advised me to learn some 10.____________ (base)

Chinese words and er, she reminded me to carry an English－Chinese

pocket dictionary.

【语篇解读】 “我”计划明年去中国参观，请求好友Mary给建议。

1．nearly [句意：玛丽在来这里之前在中国住了近20年。nearly将近；差不多。 ]

2．best [根据下文中的The most comfortable time 及该空前的定冠词可知，该空应该用形容词的最高级形式，故答案为best。]

3．particularly [句意：在这些月份，整个国家的天气都特别宜人，既不太热也不是太冷。particularly 尤其，特别。]

4．interested [be interested in对……感兴趣。]

5．Chinese [由下文中的 Chinese food可知。]

6．reasonably [过去分词前需用副词作状语，故答案为reasonably。]

7．better [由设空处前的副词even可知，设空处应为形容词的比较级形式(even用来修饰形容词或副词的比较级)，故答案为better。]

8．patiently [修饰动词 said 用副词，故填 patiently。]

9．especially [由设空处前的“在中国，语言可能会是一个问题”可知，语言对首次去那里的游客来说尤其是一个问题，故填especially(尤其)。]

10．basic [此处修饰 words and phrases，应用形容词 basic(基本的)。]