英语四级近义词辨析

近义词：

pierce 猛戳、猛插入、猛刺入

fierce 激烈的、猛烈的

fierce competition

strained 紧崩的、拉紧的

be critical of 对...进行批评、挑剔

errors = mistakes/sth. done wrongly

steamed bread 馒头

fault 错（指人的性格、行为或习惯上的缺点）

shortcomings - （反）merits 指在学校中老师作评语时给出的优缺点

flaw 指物体或材料上的瑕疵

rise和arise都是不及物动词。

raise vt. 提高、提升；饲养、抚养

raise the flag

raise children

raise pigs

rise 指太阳、旗帜、水位等的上升（具体概念）

arise 指抽象概念的一种出现

artificial false unnatural unreal

artificial 人造的、人为的

e.g. artificial leg

leather 皮革

e.g. artificial leather

unnatural 形容人的行为举止不自然；不正常的

e.g. a bird of unnatural size

false 假的（具有欺骗性的）

e.g. false passport

false hair

false teeth

unreal 虚幻的

e.g. unreal world

give present promise grant credit entitle

give sb. sth./give sth. to sb.

e.g. give me a book/give a book to me

grant sb. sth. 正式的授予

e.g. He granted me one mao. （错）

grant 资助

take sth. for granted 把...看作是理所当然

entitle

entitle sb. to do sth./entitle sb. to sth.

credit 学分

credit card 信用卡

credit A to B 把A归咎于B

e.g. credit the car accident to the driver's carelessness

present 赠与、给与

e.g. present with

promise

promise to do

promise sb. sth.

e.g. give me a book

I was given a book.

A book was given to me.

mild light slight tender

mild 温柔的 = gentle；吃的东西不辣的

spicy 麻辣

soft 柔软的

e.g. soft drink - hard drink

slight 轻微的、少许的

e.g. A slightest change of the schedule may affect everyone.

simplest 最最简单的

slightest 最轻微的、最少许的

least

at least 至少

light - （反） heavy

light 清淡的、容易消化的

tender

tend + to 趋向于

tender （肉）嫩的

laziness idleness poverty

laziness - lazy 懒惰

poverty - poor 贫穷、穷困

inability 无能力

idleness 游手好闲

idle 闲置（的）

e.g. idle capital 闲置资本

idle away some time 虚度光阴

kill time 消磨时间

nuisance worry trouble anxiety

nuisance 指具体的令人讨厌的东西

trouble 指代的是一种problem

worry和anxiety都是永陪词汇

crash clash smash ash wreck

spot pollute stain

crash 表示飞机的失事

wreck 轮船的失事

accident 汽车的车祸

spoil 宠坏、惯坏

injure 在事故中受伤

wound （刀、枪等）伤

hurt (感情、情感的)伤

e.g. You hurt my feelings.

My leg hurt.

hurt oneself 自残

spot 使...有污点；污点、污迹（点状）

e.g. spotted dog

chip – chop

stain 弄脏、染色（片状污迹）

accident

debate consult dispute bargain

debate 辩论

consult 咨询

consultant 顾问

dispute 反驳

beyond dispute 无可争辩

bargain

+ with sb. 与某人讨价还价

+ about sth. 就...讨价还价

答案：D

valid vain vacant empty vague

valid 具有法律效力的

vacant

没人占用而空

暂时没有充满而空

（反）occupied

empty 空空如也的，什么也没有

vain

in vain 徒劳，白费力气

blank 因为没写字而空

hollow 中空的、空心的 - （反）solid

bare 光秃秃的（一般形容土地）

bald

答案：D

动词和动词短语

1、turn

turn down 将音量关小；拒绝

turn up 把音量开大；出现

turn out 结果是、证明；生产

turn over 移交、转交（没有方向性）

turn to 求助于；参考

turn in 交给、上交

turn on 打开（电视机）

look out = be careful

take care 当心、小心

make out

1、= understand 理解、领悟

2、= hard to recognize 费力的辨认出

3、开具支票 make out a check

go over

1、复习

2、仔细检查

答案：C

2、make

make out

make for 朝...走去

make off 匆匆地离开某地、逃走

make up

组成、构成 + 数字/百分比

hollow bare blank

be made up of 组成、构成（被动）

补考

缓考

make it = succeed in doing sth.

make up for 弥补、补偿

stick to strike at strive to strive for

stuck to

stick to（介词） 坚持

e.g. Stick to the end and you will make it.

strove for

strive for 为...而努力

e.g. Don't strive for perfection.

struck at

strike at

curse at 咒骂

fire at 冲某人开枪

shout at 冲某人大喊

struck at

strike at 抨击、批评

come up with put up with catch up with

stand up to = put up with 忍受

tolerate/stand/bear

come up with 提出建议、提出想法

catch up with和keep up with大多数时可互换

catch up with 赶上、追上

keep up with 跟上

come up against 突然遇到反对、困难等等

live up to 按照...形式

have a great deal of trouble 做某事遇到麻烦

+ (in) doing sth.

resist sustain tolerate undergo

resist

e.g. water resistant 防水

resist 抵制、防

+ doing

sustain 供养

undergo 经历、遭受

3、take

take after 在外貌，性格等方面与父母相像

take apart （将大型机器）分解，拆开

take back 收回 = withdraw

e.g. I'll take back what I said.

take down

= write/put/set down 记下、写下

（将大型机器货物件）分解

take effect 生效

take effective steps/measures

采取有效措施

take sth. for granted 把...看作理所当然

take in

keep up with put to rest

= understand 理解、领悟

= absorb 吸收

= cheat 欺骗

take off 脱下；（飞机）起飞

take on

承担责任等等

= employ 雇佣

呈现

e.g. Beijing will take on a new look in 2008.

take out 抽出、取出、拿出

take part in = participate in

lay out lay off lay down

lie/lied/lied 说谎

lie/lay/lain 躺；位于

lay/laid/laid 放置

lay out 安装、布置

lay off 解雇

lay aside 搁置

lay down 放弃

5、call

call for 要求、需求

call in 约请、约进、叫进来

call off 取消 = cancel

call on

= visit

号召

call out

大声叫喊

向...挑战

call up

动员、召集

打电话

使人想起

go

go off

离开

爆炸

断电

go after

追捕

追求 e.g. teenager/guy

go along with

支持、赞同

陪同某人前往

go (a)round

四处走走

（消息等）传开

go back on 违背

go by

时间的流逝

lay aside

遵守、遵循

go for

去拿、去请

袭击

适用于

go into

= investigate 调查、研究

谈及、谈论

go out

熄灭 put out （被动）熄灭

go over

= review 复习

仔细检查

go through

遭受、经历（苦难等）

审查

pull off pull out pull up pull over

pull out

使车辆、船等驶出、划出

拔出、拔掉

pull up 使车辆等停下来

pull through 帮助病人恢复知觉

pull over 使车辆、船等闪到一边

go up 上升、上涨

go with

陪...一起行事

与...协调一致、匹配

reak

break through

取得突破型进展

突围、突破

break away + from 与某人脱离关系

e.g. His father decided to break away from his son.

break down

（机器等）损坏

汽车抛锚

（谈判等）破裂

（人）垮掉

break into 破门而入

break off 中止、中断

break out （火灾、战争、疾病等）爆发

e.g. bird flu

break up

打碎、粉碎

中止、结束

give

give away

赠送

泄露秘密

give back 归还

give in 屈服、让步 = yield to

give off 指烟、热、光等的散发、释放

give up 放弃 = abandon

give out = hand out 分发、发给

改变 change alter transfer vary shift convert

alter 强调局部的改变

e.g. The trousers should be altered.

shift 倒班、换班

e.g. day/night shift

transfer 强调位置上的改变

transmit 疾病的传播；电视节目的转播

exchange 强调两者之间的转换

e.g. foreign exchange rates

interchange 表示一对多

e.g. interchange station

remove 去除、除掉

+ from

答案：C

vary 强调差异性的变化

various = all kinds of 各种各样的

varied 强调不同的

distance scope range boundary

distance 空间距离

e.g. Ten miles is a long distance.

scope 做某事的余地、处理某事的范围

telescope 望远镜

boundary 分界线

zone 地域、地带

gap length distance interval border margin boundary

interval 时间或空间上的间隔

at intervals

margin 书两边的空白页

border 边界

edge

边缘

刀刃

gap 强调地理或情感上的差距

generation gap

length/strength

形近词

attention attraction appointment(date) arrangement

attention 注意力

pay attention to

attraction 吸引力

e.g. attracted one's attention

appointment 正式的约会

date 男女之间的约会

constantly consistently continuously continually gradually

consequently = therefore

continuously 连续地（没有间断性）

frontier

unceasingly

continually 连续地（有间断性，时断时续地）

unceasingly

gradually = step by step 逐渐地、逐步地

constantly 始终如一地、恒定地；总是

constant temperature

constantly 始终如一地、恒定地；总是

e.g. He is constantly disturbing me.

consistently 一贯地

transmit transport transplant transform transfer deliver

tradition 传统

transplant 移植

transport 运输

transform 变革

transmit 从一个地方送到另一个地方

emit

transfer 强调位置上的移动

prefer prior superior inferior subordinate

preferable 更合适的、更适合的、更喜欢的

具有比较意义的形容词：

1、不与more、er连用

2、不与than连用，只能与to连用

superior to - inferior to

second to e.g. I'm second to none.

sensitive to

prior to = before

favorable 有利的

proper 恰当的（adv. properly）

suitable + for 没有比较级的意思

preferable 有..比..更合适的意思

considerable 量相当大的

considerate 考虑人或体贴人的一种程度

significant considerable(considerate) enormous numerous immense

significant 意义重大的 = important

enormous 一般形容体积庞大的、巨大的

numerous

1、+ 可数名词复数

2、+ 单数可数名词

clash：撞击

crash：（飞机）坠毁，（轮船）失事

smash：粉碎，击碎

ash：废墟，灰烬

ashamed：羞愧的

cash：现金

恐怖分子驾驶飞机撞(clash)到世贸大楼， 飞机失事(crash) ,余波把大楼击碎(smash),整个世贸大楼变成 废墟(ash)，小布什感到很 羞愧(ashamed)，需要花很多 现金(cash)来恢复美国经济。