Unit6单词讲义高中英语选择性3

Unit6单词讲义

crime (名词)

中文意思：犯罪，罪行

英文释义：an action that is prohibited by law and is considered to be morally wrong

词源：来自拉丁语 crimina，意为“过失，罪过”

例句：The police are trying to solve the crime.

固定搭配：mit a crime（犯罪），crime rate（犯罪率）

近义词：offense, misdemeanor, wrongdoing

seaside (名词)

中文意思：海边，海滨

英文释义：the area next to the sea

词源：sea + side，意为“海的一侧”

例句：We went to the seaside for our vacation.

固定搭配：seaside resort（海滨度假胜地），seaside town（海滨小镇）

近义词：beach, coast, shore

suburb (名词)

中文意思：郊区，市郊

英文释义：an area on the outskirts of a city or town where people live in houses rather than

apartments

词源：suburb源自拉丁语suburbs，意为“城墙外的土地”

例句：I live in the suburbs of the city.

固定搭配：suburban area（郊区地区），suburban life（郊区生活）

近义词：outskirts, exurb, periphery

greedy (形容词)

中文意思：贪婪的，贪心的

英文释义：eager to obtain more of something, especially wealth or food, than one needs or

deserves

词源：来自古英语 grēdan，意为“贪食”

例句：He is too greedy to share his toys with his sister.

固定搭配：greedy for（渴望得到），greedy person（贪婪的人）

近义词：avaricious, covetous, grasping

thief (名词)

中文意思：小偷，窃贼

英文释义：a person who steals things illegally

词源：来自古英语 þiof，意为“偷窃者”

例句：The thief was caught by the police.

固定搭配：thief stealer（窃贼），car thief（汽车窃贼）

近义词：burglar, pilferer, robber

mit (动词)

中文意思：犯罪，做错事；承诺，履行；把…托付给；使承担义务

英文释义：to do something illegal or wrong; to promise or undertake to do something; to entrust

or give over (something) to someone else; to obligate or bind (someone) to something

词源：来自拉丁语 mittere，意为“托付，交付”

例句：He mitted a serious crime. She mitted herself to finishing the project on time. They mitted

their children to the care of their grandparents. The pany mitted itself to reducing its carbon

footprint.

urban：

词性：形容词

中文意思：城市的，都市的

英文释义：of, relating to, or characteristic of a city or town

词源：来自拉丁语 urbanus，意为“城市的”

例句：The urban population has been increasing rapidly in recent years.

固定搭配：urban area（城市地区）、urban planning（城市规划）

近义词：metropolitan, municipal, township

predator：

词性：名词

中文意思：捕食者，掠夺者

英文释义：an animal that preys on other animals for food

词源：来自拉丁语 predator，意为“掠夺者”

例句：The lion is the top predator in the African savannah.

固定搭配：natural predator（天敌）、predatory behavior（掠夺行为）

近义词：hunter, killer, raider

newer：

词性：名词

中文意思：新来的人，新手

英文释义：a person who has recently arrived in a place or started doing something new

词源：来自中古英语 neweere，意为“新来的人”

例句：As a newer to the pany, I'm still learning the ropes.

固定搭配：newer to the team（团队的新成员）、newer to the neighborhood（新搬来的邻居）

近义词：novice, beginner, rookie

flourish：

词性：动词

中文意思：繁荣，茂盛，兴旺发达

英文释义：to grow well and be healthy; prosper; thrive

词源：来自古英语 flōrishian，意为“繁荣”

例句：The economy is expected to flourish in the ing years.

固定搭配：flourishing business（兴旺的生意）、flourishing garden（繁茂的花园）

近义词：thrive, prosper, succeed

racoon：

词性：名词

中文意思：浣熊，貉子

英文释义：a nocturnal mammal with a long bushy tail and dark masked face, living in trees and

eating fruit and small animals

词源：来自印第安语 racaon，意为“尾巴”或“水獭”

例句：I saw a raccoon rummaging through the trash cans last night.

container：

词性：名词

中文意思：容器，集装箱

英文释义：a receptacle for holding or containing something

词源：来自拉丁语的contenere，意为“包含”

例句：The container is made of plastic.

固定搭配：shipping container（海运集装箱）、trash container（垃圾箱）

近义词：box, crate, vessel

garbage：

词性：名词

中文意思：垃圾，废物

英文释义：refuse or waste material that is discarded as unwanted

词源：来自中古英语 gerbege，意为“残渣”或“残留物”

例句：Please take out the garbage before you leave.

固定搭配：garbage disposal（垃圾处理）、garbage collector（垃圾收集员）

近义词：trash, refuse, waste

lamb：

词性：名词

中文意思：羔羊，小羊肉

英文释义：a young sheep that has not yet been castrated

词源：来自古英语 lambe，意为“小羊”

例句：We had roasted lamb for dinner last night.

固定搭配：lamb chops（羊排）、lamb stew（炖羊肉）

近义词：sheep, ewe's offspring

kebab：

词性：名词

中文意思：烤肉串，烤羊肉串

英文释义：a dish consisting of pieces of meat or vegetables skewered and grilled over an open

fire or barbecue

词源：来自土耳其语 kebab，意为“烤肉串”

例句：I ordered a kebab from the street vendor.

固定搭配：chicken kebab（鸡肉串）、shish kebab（什锦烤肉串）

近义词：kabob, shish kabob, gyro

garlic：

词性：名词

中文意思：大蒜，蒜头

英文释义：a bulbous plant with a strongsmelling white fleshy root used in cooking and medicine

词源：来自拉丁语 garlic，意为“蒜”

例句：I love adding garlic to my pasta dishes.

固定搭配：garlic bread（蒜蓉面包）、garlic sauce（蒜泥酱）

近义词：bulb, garlic cloves

estimate：

词性：动词/名词

中文意思：估计，估价

英文释义：to form an approximate opinion or calculation of (something)；a rough calculation or

approximation

词源：来自拉丁语 estimare，意为“评估”

例句：I estimated that it would take me two hours to finish the task.

固定搭配：estimate cost（估算成本）、estimate time（估计时间）

近义词：assess, evaluate, gauge

migratory：

词性：形容词

中文意思：迁移的，迁徙的

英文释义：of or relating to migration

词源：来自拉丁语 migrare，意为“移动”

例句：Many birds are migratory and travel long distances every year.

固定搭配：migratory bird（候鸟）、migratory pattern（迁徙模式）

近义词：nomadic, wandering, itinerant

appreciate：

词性：动词

中文意思：欣赏，感激，增值

英文释义：to recognize the quality, value, or significance of; to increase in value or price

词源：来自拉丁语 appretiare，意为“珍视”

例句：I appreciate your help with this project.

固定搭配：appreciate art（欣赏艺术）、appreciate music（欣赏音乐）

近义词：value, admire, cherish

crucial：

词性：形容词

中文意思：关键的，重要的

英文释义：extremely important, decisive, or critical

词源：来自中古英语 crucialen，意为“决定性的”

例句：Your cooperation is crucial to the success of this project.

固定搭配：crucial decision（关键决策）、crucial moment（关键时刻）

近义词：critical, essential, vital

restrict：

词性：动词

中文意思：限制，约束

英文释义：to limit the freedom, movement, or activity of; to impose a restriction on

词源：来自拉丁语 restrictus，意为“被束缚的”

例句：The new policy restricts access to certain areas of the building.

固定搭配：restrict access（限制进入）、restrict movement（限制行动）

近义词：limit, confine, restrain

hiker：

词性：名词

中文意思：徒步旅行者，远足者

英文释义：a person who hikes, especially one who hikes for pleasure or exercise

词源：来自美国英语，由动词 hike 衍生而来，意为“徒步旅行”

例句：The hiker reached the summit after a long and strenuous climb.

固定搭配：day hiker（日间徒步旅行者）、backpacker hiker（背包客徒步旅行者）

optimistic：

词性：形容词

中文意思：乐观的，积极的

英文释义：having or showing a belief that good things will happen in the future; hopeful

词源：来自拉丁语 optimus，意为“最好的”

例句：She is optimistic about her chances of getting the job.

固定搭配：optimistic attitude（乐观的态度）、optimistic outlook（乐观的前景）

近义词：hopeful, positive, confident

clay：

词性：名词

中文意思：黏土，泥土

英文释义：a plastic earthy material that can be molded when wet and hardens when dry

词源：来自古英语 clǣg，意为“黏土”

例句：The potter used clay to make a vase.

固定搭配：clay soil（黏土土壤）、clay sculpture（黏土雕塑）

近义词：earth, mud, dirt

cave：

词性：名词/动词

中文意思：洞穴，坍塌

英文释义：a natural underground chamber or space；to collapse or fall inward suddenly

词源：来自拉丁语 cavea，意为“洞穴”

例句：They explored the dark cave with flashlights. (名词) The roof of the tunnel began to cave in.

(动词)

固定搭配：cave system（洞穴系统）、cave painting（岩画）

近义词：cavern, grotto, hole

indoors：

词性：副词

中文意思：在室内，进屋里

英文释义：inside a building or room

词源：来自中古英语 indoures，意为“在室内”

例句：It's too cold outside, let's stay indoors.

固定搭配：indoor activities（室内活动）、indoor sports（室内运动）

近义词：indoor, inside, internally

consumption：

词性：名词

中文意思：消费，消耗

英文释义：the act of using up or consuming something, especially food or fuel

词源：来自拉丁语 consumptio，意为“消耗”

例句：The consumption of energy has increased in recent years.

固定搭配：consumption pattern（消费模式）、consumption tax（消费税）

近义词：use, expenditure, depletion

supplement：

词性：名词/动词

中文意思：补充，增补品，附录

英文释义：something added to plete what is lacking；an addition to a book or magazine that

provides extra information or details

词源：来自拉丁语 supplementum，意为“增加”或“补充”

例句：I take a vitamin supplement every day. (名词) We need to supplement our ine with a

parttime job. (动词)

固定搭配：supplementary material（补充材料）、supplemental insurance（附加保险）

eliminate：

词性：动词

中文意思：消除，消灭

英文释义：to get rid of something or someone pletely

词源：来自拉丁语 eliminare，意为“清除”

例句：We need to eliminate all the errors in this report.

固定搭配：eliminate poverty（消除贫困）、eliminate petition（消除竞争）

近义词：remove, eradicate, abolish

firefighter：

词性：名词

中文意思：消防员

英文释义：a person whose job is to put out fires and save lives

词源：由 fire 和 fighter 组成，意为“与火战斗的人”

例句：The firefighters worked tirelessly to put out the flames.

固定搭配：firefighting equipment（消防设备）、firefighting team（消防队）

近义词：fireman, rescuer, emergency responder

blaze：

词性：名词/动词

中文意思：火焰，烈火；燃烧，闪耀

英文释义：a large bright flame；to burn fiercely or brightly

词源：来自古英语 blǣsan，意为“燃烧”

例句：The blaze from the fireplace warmed the room. (名词) The forest was blazing with autumn

colors. (动词)

固定搭配：forest blaze（森林大火）、bonfire blaze（篝火熊熊燃烧）

近义词：flame, conflagration, bustion

fierce：

词性：形容词

中文意思：凶猛的，猛烈的，强烈的

英文释义：extremely violent, harsh, or strong; showing extreme anger or determination

词源：来自拉丁语 ferus，意为“野生的”或“狂野的”

例句：The lion attacked with a fierce roar.

固定搭配：fierce petition（激烈的竞争）、fierce storm（猛烈的风暴）

近义词：savage, violent, intense

react：

词性：动词

中文意思：反应，回应，作出反应

英文释义：to behave in a particular way because of something that has happened or been said

词源：来自拉丁语 re "back" + actus "action"，意为“向后行动”或“做出反应”

例句：She reacted angrily to the news.

固定搭配：react quickly（迅速反应）、react negatively（负面反应）

近义词：respond, answer, engage

monthly：

词性：形容词/副词/名词

中文意思：每月的，按月的；每月一次的；月刊

英文释义：happening once every month; relating to or occurring once a month; a magazine

published once a month

词源：来自拉丁语 mensis，意为“月份”

例句：I receive a monthly salary. (形容词) She visits her grandmother monthly. (副词) I subscribe

to a monthly magazine. (名词)

advanced：

词性：形容词

中文意思：先进的，高级的

英文释义：having developed or improved beyond the usual or ordinary level

词源：来自拉丁语 advenire，意为“到达”或“出现”

例句：The pany has invested heavily in advanced technology.

固定搭配：advanced degree（高等学位）、advanced weaponry（先进武器）

近义词：sophisticated, plex, superior

wipe：

词性：动词

中文意思：擦，抹，清除

英文释义：to clean or dry something by rubbing it with a cloth or one's hand

词源：来自古英语 wīpan，意为“擦拭”

例句：She wiped the tears from her eyes.

固定搭配：wipe out（消灭），wipe down（擦拭干净）

近义词：clean, erase, remove

nuclear：

词性：形容词/名词

中文意思：核能的，原子核的；核武器的

英文释义：relating to or involving atoms that have nuclei containing neutrons and protons;

relating to or involving nuclear energy or weapons

词源：来自拉丁语 nuculeus，意为“小果子”或“核心”

例句：The country is developing its nuclear power industry. (形容词) The threat of nuclear war is

very real. (名词)

固定搭配：nuclear energy（核能），nuclear weapons（核武器）

近义词：atomic, radioactive, hydrogen bomb

terrifying：

词性：形容词

中文意思：令人恐惧的，可怕的

英文释义：causing great fear or terror; extremely frightening or shocking

词源：来自拉丁语 terrere，意为“使害怕”或“使惊吓”

例句：The terrifying storm caused widespread damage.

固定搭配：terrifying experience（可怕的经历），terrifying speed（惊人的速度）

近义词：frightening, alarming, dreadful

hostile：

词性：形容词/名词

中文意思：敌对的，敌意的；敌人，敌军

英文释义：showing or feeling strong dislike or opposition; an enemy or opposing force

词源：来自拉丁语 hostilis，意为“敌人的”或“敌人的”

例句：The hostile crowd shouted insults at the speaker. (形容词) The army launched a surprise

attack on the hostile forces. (名词)

固定搭配：hostile takeover（敌意收购），hostile environment（敌对环境）

近义词：unfriendly, aggressive, antagonistic

unmanned：

词性：形容词/动词过去分词形式

中文意思：无人的，无人驾驶的；未被占据的，无人居住的

英文释义：not operated by a person; not occupied by people; not manned by people

词源：来自中古英语 unmænden，意为“无人的”或“非人类的”

例句：The unmanned spacecraft traveled through space for months. (形容词) The abandoned

house stood unmanned for years. (动词过去分词形式)

spacecraft

词性：名词

中文意思：宇宙飞船

英文释义：a vehicle designed for traveling in outer space

词源：space（空间）+ craft（船，飞行器）

例句：The spacecraft is scheduled to launch next month.

固定搭配：manned spacecraft（载人宇宙飞船），unmanned spacecraft（无人宇宙飞船）

近义词：spaceship, satellite

orbit

词性：动词、名词

中文意思：绕轨道运行；轨道

英文释义：to move around (a planet or star) in a curved path; the curved path that an object

moves in around a planet or star

词源：来自拉丁语orbita，意为“轨道”

例句：The moon orbits around the earth.

固定搭配：orbital mechanics（轨道力学），orbital debris（轨道碎片）

近义词：circular motion, trajectory

stunning

词性：形容词

中文意思：令人惊叹的；极好的

英文释义：extremely impressive or beautiful; extremely good

词源：来自古英语stundian，意为“使震惊”

例句：The view from the top of the mountain was absolutely stunning.

固定搭配：stunning performance（出色的表演），stunning victory（惊人的胜利）

近义词：astonishing, amazing, incredible

agency

词性：名词

中文意思：代理；机构；中介

英文释义：an organization that provides a particular service or performs a particular function

词源：来自拉丁语agens，意为“行动”

例句：The travel agency arranged our trip to Europe.

固定搭配：agency agreement（代理协议），government agency（政府机构）

近义词：organization, bureau, office

consist

词性：动词

中文意思：由…组成；包含；存在于

英文释义：to be made up of; include; exist in

词源：来自拉丁语constare，意为“站立”或“保持不变”

例句：The team consists of six players.

固定搭配：consist of（由…组成），consist with（符合，与…一致）

近义词：prise, include, involve

infer

词性：动词

中文意思：推断；推论；推知

英文释义：to conclude or deduce something from evidence or reasoning

词源：来自拉丁语inferre，意为“带出，引出”

例句：From his behavior, I can infer that he's not happy.

expose

词性：动词

中文意思：暴露，揭露

英文释义：to uncover or make known (something that is hidden or secret)

词源：来自拉丁语expositus，意为“被摆出来的”

例句：The journalist was accused of exposing state secrets.

固定搭配：expose oneself to（使自己暴露于），expose a fraud（揭穿骗局）

近义词：uncover, reveal, disclose

astronaut

词性：名词

中文意思：宇航员

英文释义：a person who travels in a spacecraft

词源：由希腊语astron（星星）和拉丁语nautes（船员）组成

例句：He dreamed of being an astronaut since he was a child.

固定搭配：bee an astronaut（成为一名宇航员），train astronauts（训练宇航员）

近义词：cosmonaut, spaceman, spacewoman

dust

词性：名词、动词

中文意思：灰尘，尘土；掸去…的灰尘

英文释义：a fine powder consisting of tiny particles of earth, stone, etc.; to remove dust from

(something) by brushing or shaking it off

词源：来自古英语dust，意为“灰尘”

例句：She dusted the furniture with a cloth.

固定搭配：dust storm（沙尘暴），dust off（清理，整理），dust bunny（灰尘球）

近义词：dirt, grime, pollen

capsule

词性：名词

中文意思：胶囊；太空舱；简要说明

英文释义：a small cylindrical container for holding medicine or other substances; a small

spacecraft designed for carrying one or more people into orbit around the Earth or for landing on

or taking off from a planet's surface; a brief statement or account that presents the main points

of something

词源：来自拉丁语capsula，意为“小容器”

例句：She took two capsules of medicine before going to bed.

固定搭配：space capsule（太空舱），sleeping capsule（睡眠舱），audio capsule（音频胶囊）

近义词：pod, module, briefcase

exposure

词性：名词

中文意思：暴露；曝光；曝光时间

英文释义：the state of being exposed to something; the action of making something known

publicly; the amount of time during which a camera shutter is open and light is allowed to reach

the film or sensor in a camera

词源：来自中古英语exposure，意为“暴露”

例句：The patient's exposure to radiation was minimal.

固定搭配：exposure therapy（暴露疗法），sun exposure（阳光暴露），light exposure（光线暴露）

近义词：disclosure, revelation, illumination

trunk

词性：名词

中文意思：树干；行李箱；象鼻

英文释义：the main stem of a tree; a large strong box with a handle for carrying clothes or other

things; the long nose of an elephant used for grasping things

词源：来自古英语trunk，意为“树干”或“箱子”

例句：She packed her clothes in a trunk before leaving for vacation.