一般过去时及动词的过去式变化规则

一般过去时及动词的过去式变化规则

一般过去时

1）、表示过去发生的动作或出现的状态，用动词的过去式来表达，如：

I was at the library yesterday afternoon.

Tom studied hard and did well in the final exam last year.

2）、动词的过去式分为规则动词和不规则动词两种：

规则动词的过去式：

① 一般情况下在动词原形后直接加-ed。 wanted，played

② 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，直接加-d。 hoped，lived

③ 重读闭音节单词如果末尾只有一个辅音字母需双写最后一个辅音字母，

再加-ed stopped

④ 以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i，再加-ed。 studied，worried

以元音字母+y结尾的动词，直接加-ed. played, enjoyed

规则动词过去式的读音也有规律可循。请记住：清后[t]，元浊[d]，[t] [d]之后读[id]。

① 清辅音后，ed要读[t]。worked，finished

② 元音或浊辅音后，ed要读 [d]。lived，called

③ [t]或[d]后，ed读[id]。 started，needed

不规则动词有其自己的变化形式，只能分别记忆。

1. go －went －took 3. have－had －bought

5. eat－ate －saw 7. hang－hung（悬挂） －met

9. win－won（赢得） －slept 11. put－put －came

13. wake－woke（醒）－read 15let－let （详见课本《不规则动词表》）

3）句式及其变化：

a. be动词过去式的句式：

否定句是在was/were后面加not，was not (wasn't)/were not (weren't)。

一般疑问句是把was / were提前并放到句首，要求首字母要大写

b. 实义动词过去式的句式：

①肯定式：主语+动词过去式+其它。

如：They had a good time yesterday.

②否定式：主语+did not(didn't)+动词原形+其它。

如：They didn't watch TV last night.

③一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其它？

肯定回答：Yes，主语+did. 否定回答：No，主语+didn't.

如：Did they have a meeting two days ago?

Yes，they did. / No，they didn't.

④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它？

如：What time did you finish your homework?

4）一般过去时的时间状语都是明显表示过去的，

如：yesterday、last night、last week、

in 1998、three months ago, three years ago, just now.等。

一般过去时变化规则

(1) 一般在动词后加-ed。

如：play—played, offer—offered, weigh—weighed,

Destroy— destroyed, sign—signed.

(2) 在以字母e结尾的动词后，只加-d。

如：like—liked, provide—provided, hate — hated, date—dated。

(3) 在以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词后，则改y为i，再加ed。

如：supply—supplied, fly—flied, study— studied.

(4) 在以单短元音的重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词后，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加-ed。

如：plan—planned, refer—referred, regret—regretted, ban—banned.

★重读闭音节三要素：（1）一个元音字母后跟一个或几个辅音字母

（2）以一个辅音音素结尾；

（3）元音字母发短元音。

★长元音 ：[i:][ə:][a:][ɔ:][u:]

短元音 ：[e] [i] [ʌ] [æ][ə][ɔ][u]

常用不规则动词分类表

⒈ A---A---A型（现在式、过去式、过去分词同形）

cost cost cost 花费 cut cut cut 割，切 hit hit hit 打

let let let 让 put put put 放下 read read read 读

hurt hurt hurt 伤

⒉ A---A---B型（现在式和过去式同形）

beat beat beaten 打

⒊ A---B---A型（现在式和过去分词同形）

come came come 来 become became become 变

run ran run 跑

⒋ A ---B ---B型

⑴在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。

burn burnt burnt 燃烧 learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 学习

mean meant meant 意思 hear heard heard 听见

⑵把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t”构成过去式或过去分词。

build built built 建筑 lend lent lent 借给

lose lost lost 失去 send sent sent 送 spend spent spent 花费

⑶其他

pay paid paid 付 lay laid laid 下蛋 say said said 说

bring brought brought 带来 buy bought bought 买

think thought thought 想 catch caught caught 抓住

teach taught taught 教 fight fought fought 战斗

sleep slept slept 睡 keep kept kept 保持

sweep swept swept 扫 stand stood stood 站

understand understood understood 明白 win won won 得胜

shine shone/shined shone/shined 发光 feel felt felt 觉得

find found found 发现 get got got 得到

hang hanged/ hung hanged/ hung 绞死，挂 have had had 有

hold held held 盛，握 leave left left 离开

make made made 制造 meet met met 遇见

sell sold sold 卖 shoot shot shot 射击

tell told told 告诉 sit sat sat 坐

smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled 嗅，闻 dig dug dug 挖

⒌ A---B---C型（现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同）

⑴在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词。

eat ate eaten 吃 fall fell fallen 落下

steal stole stolen 偷 give gave given 给

freeze froze frozen 冻结 take took taken 拿

see saw seen 看见 write wrote written 写

ride rode ridden 骑 drive drove driven 驾驶

throw threw thrown 抛，扔 blow blew blown 吹

grow grew grown 生长 know knew known 知道

fly flew flown 飞 draw drew drawn 拉，绘画

show showed shown 展示

⑵过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词。

speak spoke spoken 说话 break broke broken 破碎，折断

wake waked/ woke waked/ waken 醒 choose chose chosen 选择

forget forgot forgotten 忘记

⑶变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）。

begin began begun 开始 ring rang rung 按铃 sing sang sung 唱

sink sank sunk 沉 swim swam swum 游泳 drink drank drunk 饮

⑷其他不规则动词的变化。

be(am,is) was/ were been 是 be(are) were been 是

do did done 做 go went gone 去

lie lay lain 躺 wear wore worn 穿

不规则动词表

不定式

bear

forbear

overbear

bend

unbend

bid

bid

forbid

forbad

outbid

underbid

bind

rebind

unbind

build

rebuild

cast

outbid

underbid

underbidden

bound

rebound

unbound

built

rebuilt

cast

broadcast，

broadcasted

bound

rebound

unbound

built

rebuilt

cast

broadcast，

broadcasted

binding

rebinding

unbinding

building

rebuilding

casting

binds

rebinds

unbinds

builds

rebuilds

casts

落

broadcast broadcasting broadcasts 广播

约束，捆绑

重新捆绑

解开，解放

建造，建立

重建，恢复

铸造，投掷，脱outbid

underbid，

underbidding underbids 出价较低

outbidding outbids 出价高于（别人）

forbade，

forbidden forbidding forbids 禁止，阻碍

bid

过去式

bore

born

forbore

overbore

bent

unbent

bade，

forborne

overborne

bent

unbent

bidden，

bidding bids

请，力求，企图

forbearing

overbearing

bending

unbending

forbears

overbears

bends

unbends

克制，忍耐

压服，征服

弯曲，弯腰

变直，伸直

出价，恳求，邀过去分词

borne，

bearing bears 忍受，承担

现在分词 第三人称单数 注释

forecast

forecasted

miscast miscast

forecasted

miscast

forecast， forecast，

forecasting forecasts 预报，预测

指配不适当的角miscasting miscasts

色

使沮丧，包缝，overcast overcast overcast overcasting overcasts

遮蔽

再铸，重塑，改recast

come

become

overcome

deal

misdeal

do

outdo

overdo

redo

undo

draw

withdraw

fall

befall

get

beget

forget

give

forgive

misgive

recast

came

became

overcame

dealt

misdealt

did

outdid

overdid

redid

undid

drew

withdrew

fell

befell

got

recast

come

become

overcome

dealt

misdealt

done

outdone

overdone

redone

undone

drawn

withdrawn

fallen

befallen

got;

(US) gotten

recasting

coming

becoming

overcoming

dealing

misdealing

doing

outdoing

overdoing

redoing

undoing

drawing

withdrawing

falling

befalling

getting

recasts

正

comes

becomes

生

overcomes

deals

misdeals

does

outdoes

overdoes

redoes

undoes

draws

withdraws

falls

befalls

gets

为

begets

forgets

gives

forgives

misgives

产生，引起

忘记，忽略

给予，赠送

原谅，免除

疑虑，担忧

战胜，克服

处理，分配

处理不当

做，干

胜过，优于

做得过分，夸张

重做

松开，撤销

绘画，拉，吸引

撤退，退出

落下，下降

发生，降临

得到，到来，成来，成为，变得

变为，适合，发begot

forgot

gave

forgave

misgave

begotten

forgotten

given

forgiven

misgiven

begetting

forgetting

giving

forgiving

misgiving