仁爱版九年级英语上册第二单元U2T2知识点归纳

仁爱版九年级英语上册第二单元U2T2.知识点归纳

Topic 2 How does pollution hurt the earth?

一、重点词汇

（一）词形变换

1. none (反义词) all 2. both (反义词) neither 3. rubbish (同义词) litter

4．steal (过去式) stole (过去分词) stolen 5. spit (过去式；过去分词) spat

6. behave (名词) behavior 7. prevent (同义词) stop 8. although (同义词)

though 9. pollute (句词) pollution 10. completely (形容词) complete

（二）重点词组

1．read this article 看这篇文章

2．here and there = everywhere 到处

3．care for = look after = take care of 照顾

4．give some advice to … 提出一些建议给……

5．set one’s mind to sth. 集中精力于……; 用心于……

6．protect nature 保护自然

7．wash away 冲走

8．blow away 吹走；刮走

9．turn into = change into 转变成

10．die out 灭绝；绝迹

11．stop / prevent …(from) doing sth. 阻止……做某事

12．keep…from doing sth. 阻止……做某事

13．move toward… 朝……移动

14．cut down 砍倒

15．run away 跑走; 流走

16．cut off 中断

17．on the earth 在地球上

18． be in danger of (doing) sth. 处于做某事的危险中

19．destroy/ harm/ pollute the environment 破坏/损害/污染环境

20．have a quiet life 过着平静的生活

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21．plenty of 大量的

22．come to realize 开始意识

23．have a clean-up 大扫除

24．one after another 一个接着另一个

25．on recycled paper 在再生纸上

26．enter the competition 进入比赛

27．offer one’s suggestion 提供某人的建议

二、重点句型

1．But the government has done something useful to protect the environment.

但政府为了保护环境已做了一些有益的事。

2．We shouldn’t leave rubbish here and there/ everywhere.

我们不应该到丢弃垃圾。

3．Don’t step on the grass or pick the flowers around us.

不要践踏我们周围的草坪和采摘花朵。

4．Everyone should care for /look after/ take care of wild animals and plant

more trees. 每一个人都应当保护野生动物并且多种树。

5．We should do everything we can to protect the environment.

我们应尽一切努力保护环境。

6．Nothing is difficult if you set your mind to it.

世上无难事，只怕有心人。

7．The wind is blowing strongly with lots of sand. 风夹着沙子猛烈地刮着。

8．They are dying out because of all kinds of pollution.

由于各种污染，他们正濒临灭绝。

9. It caused Harbin City to cut off its water supply for five days.

它导致哈尔滨市断水5 天。

10. Some things we’ve done are very good, while some are not good for the earth.

我们所做的一些事情对地球有益，然而有一些却对地球有着负面影响。

11. As a result, many rivers and lakes are dead now.

结果，现在许多河流湖泊失去生机。

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三、重点语言点

1. It says that China has become the world’s largest producer and user of coal.

它（文章）写到中国已经成为世界上最大的煤炭生产和消费国。

sth. + says that… 此句型中主语是事或物，say表用“文字、数字”说明信息。如：

It says “ Happy New Year!” on the card. 卡片上写着“新年快乐！”。

The clock says that it is 20:00 now. 这面钟显示现在是20：00。

2. As we know, none of us likes pollution. 众所周知，没有人喜欢污染。

none与no one 的区别：

a) none “全无”，既可指人也可指物，后常跟of 的短语; 作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数；no one只指人，后不能跟of 的短语; 作主语时，谓语动词只用作单数。如：

He has read none of these books.（指物）这些书他一本都没看过。

None of my friends like/ likes drawing.（指人）我的朋友们没有一个喜欢画画。

No one is here. 没有一个在这儿。

b) none回答how many/ much的问题；no one回答who的问题。 如：

A: How many students come to school by taxi? B: None.

有多少的学生搭出租车来上学？ 没有人。

A: How much water is there in the bottle? B: None.

瓶子里有多少水？ 一点儿也没有。

A: Who is in the room? B: No one.

谁在房中？没有人。

3． It has become a big problem recently.最近它已经成为一个严重问题。

recently“到目前为止；近来”，常用于现在完成时。如：

I haven’t heard from him recently. 最近，我没收到他的来信。

She has read some books on history recently. 最近她看了一些有关历史的书。

4． When it rains, the soil will be washed away.下雨时，土壤就会被冲走。

will be +过去分词为一般将来时的被动语形式。如：

The earth will be blown away by the wind. 泥土将会被风刮走。（被动语态）

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= The wind will blow away the earth. 风将会把泥土刮走。（主动语态）

5．A lot of rich land has changed into desert, leaving only sand.

许多肥沃的土地已经变成了沙漠，留下的是遍地黄沙。

a) change… into… = turn… into… 把…..(转)变成….. 如：

Please change/ turn English into Chinese. 请把英语变成汉语。

When the traffic lights change/ turn into green, we can go.

当交通灯变成绿色时,我们就可以通行。

b) leaving only stand现在分词短语作状语, 表伴随。如：

The children went away, talking and laughing.

孩子们说着、笑着离开了。

The girl is looking for her mother, crying loudly.

这个女孩大声地哭着在寻找她的母亲。

6．Trees can stop the wind from blowing the earth away. They can also prevent the

sand from moving toward the rich land. 树可以防风固土，也可阻止风沙吹进良田。

Trees can keep water from running away. 树可以防止水土流失。

stop / prevent sb. /sth. (from ) doing sth. 阻止/ 防止 某人或某物做某事

keep sb./sth. from doing sth. 阻止/ 防止 某人或某物做某事

7. Although we have built the Great Green Wall, we still need to work hard to protect

the environment. 尽管我们已经建了绿色长城，我们仍需要致力于保护环境。

although 连词，表“虽然； 尽管”，引导让步状语从句，相当于though

但比though正式。不能与but同时连用。如：

Although the question is difficult, he can still answer it.

尽管这个问题很难，他仍能回答上它。

8. And some animals are in danger of disappearing completely.

= And some animals are in danger of dying out. 一些动物濒临灭绝。

in danger of ( doing ) sth. 处于做某事的危险中； 如：

They are in danger of losing their lives. 他们正处于失去生命的危险中。

9. You may either take a bus or a taxi. 你们可能搭公车去或者是搭出租车去。

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a) either…or… “要么……要么……; 或者……或者……” 并列连词,连接对等结构;连接主语时,根据就近原则。如：

You may come either today or tomorrow. 你要么今天来，要么明天来。

We can either sing or dance. 我们可以唱歌或者跳舞。

Either you or he is right. 要么你对，要么他对。

b) either 单独使用时，是代词，表“二者之一”既可指人也可指物；用作主语时，谓语动词用作单数。如：

A：Ｗould you like coffee or tea? B: Either is OK

你想要咖啡还是茶？随便都可以。

Either of us is right. 我们俩中有一人是对的。

四、重点语法

不定代词和不定副词：

(一) 不定代词：

指人：someone/ somebody anyone/ anybody no one/ nobody

everyone/everybody

指物：something anything nothing everything

（二）不定副词

指地点：somewhere anywhere nowhere everywhere

（三）用法：

1．some-复合代词/副词常用于肯定句；如：

I saw someone in the room. 我看见房间里有人。

There is something in the woods. 树林里有什么东西。

He has gone somewhere warm for his holiday. 他去暖和的地方度假了。

2．any-复合代词/副词常用于否定句或疑问句；如：

I didn’t see anyone in the room. 我没看见有人在房间里。

There isn’t anything in the woods. 树林里没有什么东西。

He hasn’t gone somewhere warm for his holiday.他没去暖和的地方度假。

3．no- 复合代词/副词表全否定；如：

I saw nobody in the room. 我看见房间里没有人。

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There is nothing in the woods. 树林里没有什么东西。

4．every- 复合代词/副词代替全部；如：

Everyone is here. 大家都在这儿。

It seems he knows everything. 似乎他知道一切。

※ some-复合代词/副词用于疑问句中时，表希望得到对方的肯定回答或表请求；如：

Would you like something to drink? 你要点喝的东西吗？

※ any-复合代词/副词用于肯定句时，表“任何”；如：

If people spit anywhere in public, they should be punished.

如果人们在公众的任何地方吐痰，他们应该受罚。

※ 不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；如：

No one knows this secret. 没有一人知道这个秘密。

Everything goes well. 一切进展顺利。

※ 如果有定语修饰,定语应放在不定代词或不定副词后；如：

I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事告诉你。

There is nobody strange here. 这儿没有一个陌生人。

※ no= not any → nobody = not anybody; nothing = not anything

She didn’t say anything. = She said nothing. 她什么也没说。

There is nobody strange here.= There isn’t anybody strange here.

这儿没有一个陌生人。

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