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2023年12月18日发(作者:html编程论坛)

英语复数名词的变化规则

1.不规则复数形式

1)来自古英语的复数形式,如:

child---children

man---men

ox---oxen

foot---feet

tooth--- mouse--- analysis--- basis---teeth goose---geese

woman---women

mice louse---lice

penny---pence

analyses appendix---appendices

parenthesis---parentheses

bases ellipsis---ellipses

axis---axes hypothesis---hypotheses oasis---oases crisis----crises

criterion---criteria phenomenon---phenomena datum---data medium---media

bacterium---bacteria

fungi stimulus---stimuli

alumnus---alumni focus---foci radius---radii terminus---termini

larva---larvae alga---algae formula---formulae

#当代美国英语中往往把data当做单数用,因此常见到复数形式datas。另外,lens是一个单数可数名词,其复数形式为lenses。

1)词尾读音为[f]并以-f或0-fe结尾的名词复数形式有以下几种情况:

a)规则形式:

belief---beliefs chief----chiefs cliff----cliffs grief----griefs

nucleus---nuclei fungus---

b)不规则形式,即把-f或-fe变成-v,再加-es,读音为[vz]:

calf---calves half---halves leaf----leaves life----lives

loaf---loaves self---shelves thief---thieves wife---wives

wolf---wolves

c)既可是规则形式又可是不规则形式:

dwarf---dwarfs/dwarves hoof---hoofs/hoves

scarf---scarfs/scarves wharf---wharfs/wharves

3)词干以-o结尾的名次有三种情况:

a)附属形式为-s:这类词包括缩略词kilos,photos;表示国籍或民族的词Filipinos,Eskimos以及radios,solos,sopranos,

studios

b)复数形式为-es,如:heroes,potatoes,tomatoes,Negroes。

c)复数有规则的和不规则的两种形式,如:

cargo---cargos/cargoes

2.单复数同形的名词

1

2)以-ese或-ss结尾的表示民族或国籍的名词,如:Chinses,Japanese,Portuguese,Swiss,Vietnamese等

)某些动物名词,如:deer,grouse,salmon,trout,carp,bison,sheep等

mosquito---mosquitos/mosquitoes volcano---volacbos/volcanoes

3)某些以-s结尾的名词,如:barracks,corps,crossroads,gallows,headquarters,means,series,species,works等

4)某些表示计量单位的名词,如:horsepower,hertz,kilohertz,li,mu等

其他一些名词,如:aircraft,spacercarft,craft,offspring等。其中请特别注意-s结尾的单复数同形的名词,它们是考试的重点!!

3.不可数名词

不可数名词前一般不需要加定冠词,永远不能加不定冠词!

例如下列用法均属错误:

the mathematics the banking a cloth an equipment

不可数名词作主语,谓语要用单数形式。

如:Water is important.

但如果不可数名词前面被piece,drop,set等词修饰时,谓语应该与piece,drop,set等的单复数形式保持一致

例如:Few drops of water are needed to save the flower.

下面是典型的不可数名词,是应该熟记的!!

air,smoke,steam,vapor,hydrogen,oxygen,nitrogen,water,oil,soup,juice,ink,rain,snow,ice,tea,coffee,wine,sunlight,sunshine,

lightning,thunder,weather,darkness,heat,light,electricity,ener

gy,power,sugar,salt,rice,corn,powder,flour,sand,dust,dirt,

garbage,grass,hair,furniture,luggage,clothing,mail,equipment,food,meat,fruit,bread,toast,stone,iron,copper,chalk,paper,

glass,wood,money,poetry,jewelry,machinery,weaponry,personnel,scenery,happiness,kindness,honesty,friendship,attention,wi

sdom,success,courage,bravery,health,wealth,ignorance,trouble,ease,luck,laughter,love,peace,news,information,knowledge,

intelligence,fun,pleasure,entertainment,enjoyment,recreation,relaxation,progress,room,work,homework,population,percent,

mathematics,econmics,statistics,meteorology,anthropology,architecture,physics,photography,ethics,politics,mechanics,

genetics,geology,geography,chemistry,philosophy,biology,history,music,English,measles,mumps,diabetes,malaria,pediatrics,

obsterics

请特别注意其中以-s结尾的不可数名词,大家平时应该积累遇到的不可数名词

!!注意下列可数名词!!

poet poem essay newspaper machine weapon scene photograph photographer

英语中有许多名词既可作可数,又可作不可数。如:hair作“人或动物的毛”的时候是可数名词,作头发解释时是不可数名词。判断一个词是否可数,除了记忆以外, 主要看题中该名词的修饰词来决定。如:much只能修饰不可数名词

4.单数形式和复数形式的词义不同的名词

英语中有些名词的复数形式的词义不同于单数形式,如:

air(空气)---air(气派) arm(手臂)---arms(武器) ash(灰)---ashes(骨灰;废墟)

authority(权利)---authorities(当局) cloth(织物)---clothes(衣服) content(含量)---contents(目录)

custom(习惯)---customs(海关;关税) damage(损害)---damages(赔偿金) force(力量)---forces(武装部队)

glass(玻璃)---glasses(眼镜) good(利益)---goods(货物) green(绿色)---greens(青菜)

letter(字母)---letters(文学) manner(方式)---manners(举止,仪态) minute(分钟)---minutes(记录)

pain(痛苦)---pains(劳苦) papaer(纸)---papers(文件) quarter(1/4)---quarter(宿舍)

spectacle(光景)---spectacles(眼镜) spirit(精神)---

spirits(烈性酒) time(时间)---times(时代)

water(水)---waters(水域) wood(木头)---woods(森林) work(工作)---works(工厂)

总结

1.单数名词不能单独存在,一般前面应该有限定词修饰。

2.不定冠词a/an永远只能修饰单数可数名词。

和each永远只能修饰单数可数名词。

但every+数词+复数名词是正确的,如:every ten years

4.序数词后面一般使用单数可数名词。

永远只修饰单数可数名词

但another+数词/few+复数名词是正确的,如:another eight

years;another few books

通常修饰复数名词,也可修饰不可数名词。

但the other+is/was 单数名词或any other+单数名词是正确的,如

We have two girls in this is Mary,the other is Alice.

Henry Smith is taller than any other student in his class.

7.下列词和短语只能修饰复数名词

these,those,many,various,several,numerous,diverse,few,a

few,both,a (good/large/great) number of,numbers of,one of

8.大于1的词数只能修饰复数名词

!!牢记的结构:one/two/many+of+限定词+复数名词!!

9.只能修饰单数可数名词的词:

one,anther,a/an,this,that,each,every,either,such a,many a

!!注意!!many student以及many a student

10.只能修饰复数可数名词的词:

>1的数字(),hundred,thousand,million,both,several,many,few,a

few,these,those,a (good/large/great) number of

numbers

collevtion of

11.只修饰不可数名词的词:

much,little,a litter,a great deal of,a great amount of,a piece

of,an article of

12.既可修饰不可数又能修饰可数的词:

all (of) a lot of some (of) lots of any (of)

plenty of most (of) half (of) a wealth of (a) part

of

enough (of) the rest of other one third of such

no a variety of

of,the numberof,numbers

of,numerous,various,diverse,a series of,a wide range of,a


本文标签: 名词 复数 形式 修饰 单数