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2023年12月25日发(作者:下列与函数fseek)
第二章 常用易混短语辨析
to, add … to, add up to
add to 是个及物动词词组,后直接跟宾语,意为:"增加,增添"。add„to的意思是"把„„加到„„上",add是个及物动词,to是介词。add up to 是"加起来等于,总达"的意思,后多跟数字。如:
①His illness added to our difficulties.他的病增加了我们的困难。
②Would you please add a few notes to the article?你能给这篇文章加些注释吗?
③This bill adds up to $15.这个账单总计15美元.
to, stick to
两个短语都是"坚持"之意。如果坚持的是"意见,计划,决定,原则"等,两词可互换。如果坚持的是一种活动,只能用stick to。如:
①He sticks to (adheres to) his opinion.他固执已见。
②He sticks to the study of English.他坚持学习英语。
3.a kind of, of a kind, kind of
a kind of 是前置定语,后接不可数名词或可数名词单数,意为:"一种,某种"。of a kind 是固定短语,作后置定语,意为:"同类的,质量低劣的"。kind of
是副词短语,意为:"有一点,稍微,似乎"。如:
①It was a kind of fruit with a hard crust.那是一种壳很硬的水果。
②They are two of a kind.他们俩是一种货色。
③We had coffee of a kind.我们喝的咖啡质量太差。
④He looks kind of weak after his illness.他病后有点虚弱。
4.a many of, many a
a many of 相当于a great (good) many, 后接名词的复数,谓语动词也用复数。many a 表示“许多”,后接名词单数,谓语动词也用单数。如:
①There are a many ( a great many) schools in Zhengzhou.郑州有很多学校。
②Many a man has seen the film before.很多人以前看过这部影片。
ng but, nothing but, none but
anything but 意思是“根本不,决不”,后接名词或形容词。nothing but意为“仅仅,只不过”,相当于only。none but 相当于nothing but,意思是“除了„„之外,什么也没有”,或“只有”。如:
①The exam was anything but easy.这一次考试绝不容易。
②He is nothing but a teacher.他只不过是个教师而已。
③They chose none but the best.他们只有选择最好的。
a result, as a result of
as a result 是个介词短语,作接续状语,用逗号与其他部分分开,意思是:“结果,因此”。as a result of 是短语介词,后接名词或名词短语,意思是:“由于„„的结果”,“因为„„”。如:
①She didn’t study hard, as a result, she failed in the exam.她学习不努力,结果
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考试没及格。
②He was killed as a result of the plane crash.他死于飞机失事。
it is , as it was, as it were
as it is 用于句首,意思是:“照当时的情况”或“事实上”,过去时用as it was。
as it were 是独立成分,作插入语使用,常位于句中,意思是:“可以说,好像是”。如:
①As it is, she has to stay at home.事实上,她非呆在家里不可。
②The sky is covered,as it were, with a black curtain.天空好像被黑幕遮住了似的。
(the) least, in the least
at (the) least 意思是“至少”,“不论怎么样”。in the least与not连用,意思是“一点也不”。如:
①It requires at leats 2 days.这事至少需要两天的时间。
②I’m not in the least tired.我一点也不累。
ease, with ease
at ease 意思是:“快活地,舒适地”。with ease表示“容易地”的意思,相当于easily,如:
①I always feel ill at ease in strange place.在陌生的地方我总感到很不舒服。
②This thing can be done with great ease.这件事情轻而易举地就可办成。
long, long before
before long是“很快,不久”的意思,可用于各种时态。long before是“很久以前”的意思,一般用于过去时态。如:
①I will see the film before long.我不久就要看这部电影。
②He said he had seen the film long before.他说他很久以前看过这部电影。
with, to begin with
begin with 是动词短语,作谓语,表示“以„„开始”的意思。to begin with
是不定式短语作独立成分,作插入语使用,意思是:“首先”。如:
①Let’s begin with the question.让我们先从这个问题谈起。
②I can’t go to travel. To begin with, I have no time, besides, I have no money.我不能去旅游。首先我没时间,再说我也没钱。
responsible for, be responsible to
两词均表示“对„„负责”。be responsible for是对事负责,be responsible to是对人负责。如:
①I’ll be responsible for what he has done.我会对他做的一切负责。
②He is responsible to me.他对我负责。
one’s word, eat one’s words
break one's word意思是“失言,食言,毁约”的意思,word只能用单数。
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eat one's words意思是因为意识到自己的过失而“收回前言”,或者“承认错误”,words只能用复数。如:
①He is a man who never breaks his word. 他是个绝不食言的人。
②It’s hard for a haughty man to eat his words.要一个傲慢的人认错很难。
contrast, in contrast to (with)
be contrast 是个介词短语,表示“通过比较,对比之下”的意思。in contrast
to (with)是个短语介词,意思是“和„„对比”,“与„„截然不同”。如:
①We can find the similarities and differences between them by contrast. 通过比较,我们能看到他们之间的共性与不同点。
②In contrast to (with) your belief, we succeeded.与你认为的正相反,我们成功了。
heart, at heart
by heart 意思是:“靠记忆”,常与get, learn, know等搭配。at heart意思是:“在内心深处”。如:
①My daughter learned many poems by heart.我女儿背了许多许。
②You are corrupted at heart. 你骨子里是腐败的。
16..compare to, compare with
compare to 一般用来说明两个比较对象之间的共性,意思是:“把„„比作„„”。compare with意思是:“把„„和„„相比较”,目的是找出不同点。另外,compare with可与can not或者can连用,意思是:“(不)能相比,(不)可匹敌”等意思。如:
①Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.莎士比亚把人生比做舞台。
②The lecturer compared the two poets with each other.这位演讲者把那两个诗人相互作了比较。
③He can not compare with Shakespeare as a writer of tragedies.作为一个悲剧作家,他无法与莎士比亚相比。
in about/ on, complain of
两个短语都有“抱怨”的意思。complain about/ on批“抱怨”时,意思是泛泛的、没有具体内容的唠叨。complain of 是有具体的“抱怨”的对象和肉容,也可以用来表示“投诉”的意思。如:
①She always complains about (on) her life.她总是抱怨生活。
②She complains of his laziness.她抱怨他太赖。
pond to, correspond with
这两个短语在作“符合,一致”讲时可以互换,但correspond with还可以表示“„„保持通信联系”的意思。correspond to 表示“等于,与„„相称”的意思。如:
①The house exactly corresponds with (to) our needs.这个房子恰好符合我们的需要。
②We have kept corresponding with each other since graduation.从毕业后,我
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们一直保持联系。
③His expenses do not correspond to his income.他的花费与他的收入不相称。
t in, consist of, consist with
consist in 意思是:“在于„„,以„„为主要或惟一因素”。consist of意思是:“由„„组成,由„„构成”,可以与composed of 互换。consist with 意思是:“与„„一致”,“符合”,相当于be in harmony with。另外,consist是不及物动词,不能用于被动结构。如:
①The difference between the two machines consists with power.这两台机器的差别在于功率的不同。
②The book consists of six chapters.全书共分六章。
③His action consists with reason.他的行为合乎情理。
into, cut down, cut back
这组短语都有“减少,削减”的意思。cut into 意思是从总体中去掉一部分,对总体不利,因而说话人不乐意。cut down意思是从总体中去掉一部分对总体有利,因而是积极地“削减,减少”。cut back只强调数量的减少,指客观事实。如:
①If we increase worker’s salary, it will cut into our profit.提高工人的工资,就会降低我们的利润。
②We must take measures to cut down the cost.我们必须采取措施减低成本。
③The number of workers has been cut back after the big job was finished.大工程完工后,工人的数量减少了。
down, die off, die out
这组短语都有“死去”的意思。die down 意思是:“熄灭,平息,消失”,强调事情由大到小的渐进过程。die off意思是:“一个个死去,先后死”。die out
意思是:“死光,绝种”。如:
①The wind often dies down at sunset.风往往在日落前停息。
②The leaves of trees are dying off.树叶在凋落之中。
③Many species are dying out.很多物种在灭绝。
of, die from
两组短语都有“死于„„”的意思。die of 表示死于内部原因,如疾病、饥饿、年龄等。die from表示死亡由外部原因直接造成,尤指枪击、刀砍、意外事件等。如果外部原因没有直接导致死亡,而仅仅是诱因,从而引起身体病变最后导致死亡,仍用die of。如:
①She died of grief..她死于悲痛过度。
②He died from a chest wound.他因胸部受伤而死亡。
ar to, familiar with
两个短语都有“熟悉,精通”的意思,但立足点相反。familiar to表示句子的主语为to的宾语所熟悉,其结构为“A be familiar to B”(A为B所熟悉)。familiar
with表示句子主语熟悉with的宾语,其结构为“A be familiar with B”(A熟悉、
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精通B)。如:
①I am familiar with the facts.我了解这些事实。
②The facts are familiar to me.这些事实对我来说是熟悉的。
as, famous for
这两组短语都是“因„„而著名”的意思,但内涵不同。be famous as 意思是:“作为(以)„„而著名(著称)”,尤指以身份、职业、产地、地方或事物的形式而著称。be famous for 意思是:“因为„„而著名”,尤指以主语的技能、作品、特征、价值等。如:
①He is famous for his skill in playing football.他因他的球艺而著名。
②Mark Twin was famous as a humorous writer.马克·吐温以幽默作家而著称。
from, free of
两个形容词短语都有“不受„„的影响,免于„„”的意思。free from常接表示“困难,麻烦”等不好意义的名词。free of 则常与charge, cost, duty, tax等构成固定短语搭配,意思是:“免除”。另外,free of 还有“离开”的意思。如:
①The old lady is never free from pain.这老妇人一直很痛苦。
②This service is free of change.这种服务是免费的。
oneself away, give oneself up
give oneself away表示“(不自油然地)泄露秘密,露出马脚,现原形”的意思。give oneself up 意思是:“投降,自首,投案”。如:
①The thief gave himself away by spending so much money.这个小偷因大肆挥霍钱财而露出了马脚。
②A few minutes later, the robber threw down his weapons, and gave himself up.几分钟后,劫匪放下武器投降了。
off, give out
这两个短语都有“散发,发出”的意思。give off 指散发出气体或者气味。give out散发出光、热、声、信号等。如:
①Boiling water gives off steams.开水散发出蒸汽。
②The sun gives out light and heat to the earth.太阳向地球发出光和热。
on doing sth. , go on to do sth. , go on with sth.
三个短语都有“继续做„„”的意思。go on doing sth.指继续做同一件事情,且中间没有时间的间隔。go on with doing wth.指做同一件事情但中间有时间间断。go on do sth.指做完一件事情后,接着做另外一件事情。如:
①Although it was late, she went on working.虽然很晚了,她还继续工作。
②After a short break, the teacher went on with his class.休息一会后,老师继续讲课。
③She went on to tell about the world situation.她随后又谈了谈世界形势。
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a word with sb. , have words with sb.
have a word with sb.意思是:“和„„谈谈,说几句话”。have words with sb.用于贬义,意思是:“和„„争吵”,相当于quarrel with sb.。如:
①Wait a moment, I’ll have word with you.请等一下,我和你说几句话。
②They had words with their neighbors over some trifles.他们因一些琐事而与邻居吵了起来。
sth. done, have sb. do, have sb. doing
have sth. done指让别人来完成某件事情。have sb. do和have sb. doing中的have 都是使役性动词,两个结构都指让某人做某事,但have sb. doing强调动作正在进行和延续。如:
①I must have my car repaired.我必须把汽车修一下。(repair的动作不是由主语I发出,而是由修理工发出。意指找别人来修。)
②I have him repair my car.我让他把我的汽车修一下。
③The teacher had us reading the text for an hour.老师让我们读了一个小时的课文。
on, insist on, stick to, persist in
这组词都有“坚持”的意思。insist on意思是:“坚持要求,坚持认为”,多用于意见或主张。stick to 意指对愿望、原则、理想、理论的“坚持”。persist in 表示对某种活动坚持不懈或对某种信念固执不改。hold on强调坚持下去,坚持到底。如:
①She insisted on her opinion at the meeting.她在会上坚持自己的意见。
②We should stick to the study of Maxi-Lennism.我们应当坚持研究马克思列宁主义。
③He persists in doing it in his own way.他坚持以自己的方法做事。
④I made my choice and I will hold on to the end.我已尼做了选择,而且要坚持下去。
only, only if
if only 和only if均可引导条件从句。if only表示对失望所寄予的强烈的愿望,相当于as long as,译为“只要”。另外,if only引导的从句可以独立使用,表示一种因某事不能实现而感到惋惜或遗憾的复杂心情。only if表示“只有„„(才),只有在„„的时候,(才)„„”,说明“非在这个条件下不可”。如:
①If only you telemhone him, he will come here.只要你给他打电话,他就会来。
②If only Tom were at home!要是汤姆在家就好了!
③Only if the case is very urgent shold you dial the urgent numbers such as
110,119。只有情况十分紧急时,你才可以拨叫110、119这样的紧急电话号码。
behalf of, on behalf of
in behalf of或in one's behalf意为“为了„„利益”,“为了有助于„„”。on
behalf of意为:“代表”。如:
①Those who work in behalf of people are popular.为人民工作的人是受人拥
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戴诉。
②You arent allowed to sign a contract on behalf of the headmaster.你不允许代表校长签定合同。
charge of, in the charge of
二者均为短语介词,后接名词或代词作宾语。in charge of意为:“管理”,主语往往是人。in the charge of意为:“在„„管理之下”,属被动意义,主语一般为物。
①Who will be in charge of the project?谁负责这项工程?
②These computers are in the charge of the teacher.这些电脑由这位老师负责。
favor, in favor of
in favor 为介词短语,在句中作表语或名词的后置定语,意为:“受赏识的,受欢迎的”,具有被动意义。in favor of 是短语介词,后接名词或代词,在句中作表语或名词后置修饰语,意为:“赞成”、“支持”、“有利于”。如:
①The medical group was in favor.医疗小组受到了欢迎。
②The increase of interest rate will in favor of us.利率的提高对我们有利。
front of, in the front of
两组短语都有“在„„之前”之意。in front of 是在事物外部的前面。in the
front of 指在事物内部的前部(面)。如:
①There is a tree in front of the house.屋子前面有棵树。
②The teacher’s desk is in the front of the classroom.教师的讲台在教室的前面。
line, in line with
in line是介词短语,意为:“成一直线”,“排成一行”。in line with是短语介词,在句中作表语或状语,表示“与„„一致;按照”等意思。如:
①Don’t’ push! Please stand in line and go along one by one.不要拥挤!站成一排依次前行。
②The salaries of temporary employees are not in line with those of permanent
staff.临时员工的薪水与正式员工不一样。
point of, on the point of
in point of 意为:“关于;就„„而论”,后接名词,在句中作状语。in the point
of意为:“接近,即将„„时候;正要”,后接名词或动名词,在句中作表语。亦可用at the point of。如:
①In point of experience in teaching, Prof. Wang is superior to us.就教学经验而论,王教授比我们强。
②As we were at the point of giving up hope, a letter arrived.正当我们要放弃希望之时,一封信到了。
ere in, interfere with
interfere in 指参与不应参与之事,译为:“干涉”。interfere with 意指:“使„„
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事不能进行”,译为:“阻挠、妨碍”。如:
①I’d never interfere in other people’s relationships.我从不干涉他人的关系。
②She never had children because they would have interfered with her dancing
career.她一直没要孩子,因为孩子会妨碍她的舞蹈生涯。
the air, on the air, by air
in the air 除了本意“在空中”外,还有“(计划)正在酝酿中,未完全决定”,“(意见等)在流传,在传播中”等意思。on the air 指通过无线电传播,意为:“在播忙乱”,相当于over the radio,用作表语或后置定语。by air 相当于by plane,意为“乘飞机”。如:
①Love is in the air.爱意萌生。
②The President Hu Jintao was on the air at Spring Festival.胡锦涛主席春节在广播中发表了讲话。
③I hate traveling by air because I get horribly airsick.我讨厌乘飞机旅行,因为我晕机很厉害。
the field, on the field
in the field 意为:“在野外,在田野”,也可指:“参加比赛,参战”。on the field意为:“在运动场上,在战场上”。如:
①We played in the field on last Sunday.上星期天我们到田野里玩去了。
②Are you in the field for the relay race?你参加接力赛了吗?
③He lost his life on the field.他在战场上牺牲了。
doing, keep on doing
keep doing 指不间断地做某一活动或处于某一种状态。此短语中的doing作表语。keep on doing 着重指动作间隔性地反复多次进行。此短语中的doing 作介词on的宾语。如:
①Why do the dogs keep barking?这些狗为什么不停地叫?
②Don’t keep on asking silly questions!别老问些傻问题!
sb. from doing sth. , keep sth. from sb.
keep sb. from dong sth.意为:“阻止某人干某事”,相当于prevent sb. from
doing sth.; keep sth. from sb.表示:“将某事瞒着某人”。如:
①We must keep them from getting to know our plans.我们必须防止他们知道我们的计划。
②I think he’s keeping the extent of his illness from me.我想他在对我隐瞒他的病情发展。
to, known for, known as
known to 意为:“为„„所熟知”或“闻名于”。在由及物动词know的主动句变为被动句时,用这种结构。known for 意为:“以„„而出名”。指人时,指“以某种知识技能、作品或特征而出名”;主语为地点时,指“以某种特产或特征而出名”;主语为事物名词时,表示“以其内容特征、价值等而被人所知”。known
as 意为:“作为„„的身份、产地、形式而出名”。如:
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①This method is known to all of us.大家都懂得这种方法。
②Guilin is known for its beautiful scene.桂林因美丽的风景而著名。
③This area is known as a green tea producing place.这个地区作为绿茶产地而著名。
out, leave off
leave out 意为:“遗漏”;“略去,省去”;“忽视,没考虑到”。leave off意为:“停止”,“不再穿,不再使用”。如:
①The most important words have been left out in the sentence.句中最重要的词漏掉了。
②They leave off work at 5:他们下午5点下班。
to, look into
look to 意为:“指望或依赖某人”,常用look to sb. for sth.的结构。另外,还有“注意、留心”的含义。look into意为:“调查”,“浏览”,“朝„„里看”。
①We are looking to you for help.我们指望你的帮助。
②You should look to your health.你应当注意健康。
③They are looking into some magazines.他们正在浏览一些杂志。
for, for long
long for 属动介型短语动词,意为:“渴望,极想得到”,后接名词、代词作宾语。for long中的for为介词,long 是名词,共同作介词短语,常用于否定句、疑问句、条件句或否定意义的句子中,意为:“很久,长久”。
①They are linging for Children’s Day.他们盼望着儿童节。
②He will not stay for long. 他不会呆得太久。
of, make from
二者均用被动语态,而且都表示“由„„(原材料)制成”。be made of 表示所制成的物品仍可看出原材料,仅发生了物理变化;而be made from 则表示制成后的物品看不出原材料,发生了化学变化。如:
①Table is made of wood.桌子由木头制成。
②Butter is made from milk.奶酪由牛奶制成。
the best of, get the best of
make the best of 意为“充分利用”时间、资源、场合等。后接相关的名词或短语。get the best of 主要旨主语与宾语在进行争斗中“胜过、占上风”的意思。get 也可用have 代替。如:
①We must make the best of the few natural resources we have.我们一定要尽量利用我们所拥有的少量自然资源。
②His illnessgot the best of him overtime.他最终未成能战胜病魔。
less than, not less than
no less than 表示“不少于,不亚于,多达”之意,后接单数或复数概念的词或短语。not less than 意为:“至少有”,含有“可能更多”的意思。如:
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①They invited no less than 200 guests to their wedding party.他们邀请了多达200位客人参加他们的婚礼。
②There are not less than a hudred people in the hall.大厅里至少有一百人。
longer, not„any longer, any longer
这三个短语在句子中都起副词作用,时态多用现在时,也可用过去时和将来时。no longer 意为“不再”,用于否定句,放在实义动词之前或be动词之后。not„any longer用法和意思相当于no longer,但not须放在be 动词或助动词do之后,而把any longer放于句尾。any longer只用于疑问句,位于句末,意为:“还„„”。如:
①We shall no longer live in this house.我们不再住这房子了。
②I don’t’ want to stay any longer.我不想再呆下去了。
③Do you smoke any longer?你还抽烟吗?
more than ,not more than
no more than 意为:“只不过是,仅仅”,相当于only,后多接数词或名词。not more than意为:“不超过,至多”,其后接数词。如:
①There are no more than two tickets left.仅剩下两张票。
②The student number is not more than 20.学生人数最多为20。
and then, now „ then, now then
mow and then 常译为:“时常、有时、偶尔”等。now„then相当于sometimes„and sometimes,意为:“有时„„有时„„”;now then是口语用法,用于句首,表示抗议、警告、安慰或引起注意。如:
①I go to see the cinema now and then.我偶尔去看场电影。
②What mixed weather, now fine, then showery!多难琢磨的天气,时而晴天,时而阵雨。
③Bow then, what’s all this fuss about?喂,在忙乱些什么?
that, only that
now that 和only that都属复合连词。后面的that 是虚词,常可省略。now that引导原因状语从句,主要说明从句与主句的“推论”关系。常译为“既然,由于”,相当于since。only that引导条件状语从句,意为:“要不是,除„„之外”,从句位于主句之后。如:
①jNow that the weather has improved, we’ll be able to go out for a picnic.既然天气已好转了,那么我们就能出去郊游了。
②This book is very good, only that it’s rather expensive.这本书很好,只是太贵了。
and on, on and off, off and
off and on 和on and off都是表示频度的短语,意为:“不时地,间歇地”,二者可以通用。off and用作状语,表示“意外地,忽然”之意,常跟在主语后。如:
①It rained off and on all day.雨断断续续地下了一天。
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②I’ve studied music on amd off about twenty years.我断断续续学了20年音乐。
③He off and left the room.他忽然离开了房间。
earth, on the earth, in the earth
on earth 有两种含义: ①“在世界上”等于in the world.②“究竟,到底;一点也”,相当于at all,用于疑问句后。on the earth意为:“在地球上”,位于表面。
in the earth含有“在泥土里,在地下”之意。因此,在指世界上空间的存在物时不能用它。如:
①This kind of bird is rare on earth.这种鸟在世界上罕见。
②What on earth is that terrible noise?那种可怕的声音究竟是什么?
③Human beings can only live on the earth.人类只能生存在地球上。
④There is much petroleum in the earth.地下有大量石油。
foot, on one’s feet
on foot 作方式状语,意为:“步行”。on one's feet 表示“站着”之意,常与be, stand连且,并且feet任何时候都不用单数。如:
①I usually go to work on foot.我常常步行去上班。
②A teacher always stands on his feet while he is having lessons.老师讲课时只是站着。
the contrary, to the contrary
on the contrary 意为:“相反地”,具有副词和连词作用,用来承接意思一正一反的两个单句。to the coutrary意为:“相反的”,有形家词作用,位于修饰词之后。如:
①Mary’s face was pale. On the contrary, Jane’s face was very red.玛丽的脸色苍白,相反,简的脸色却很红。
②I shall continue to believe it until I have proof to the contrary.在没得到相反的证据之前,我将继续相信这件事。
again, once and again
once again意为:“再一次”,相当于once more。once and again意为:“再三,多次”,等于repeatedly。如:
①I hope you will try once again.希望你再试一次。
②He has made the same mistakes once and again.他多次犯同样的错误。
60..out of question, out of the question
out of question意为:“毫无疑问”,“一定”,可用作状语或表语。out of the
question只用作表语,意为:“不可能的”。如:
①His success is out of question.他成功是毫无疑问的。
②His success is out of the question.他成功是不可能的。
a visit to, be on a visit to
二者均表示“访问,参观”,to为介词,后接人或地方。pay a visit to终止性
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意味较强,一般不与表示一段时间的状语连用(否定句除外),译为“拜访,参观”。be on a visit to 表示“在进行访问”,“在某人家里做客”。如:
①I will pay a visit to you next week.下周我去拜访你。
②He is now on a brief visit to England.目前他正在英国作短期访问。
„to, prefer to
prefer„to中的to为介词,两个词后面均接同类名词、代词或动名词,意为:“宁愿„„而不愿„„;喜欢„„而不喜欢„„”。prefer to 中的to是不定式符号,后跟动词原形,表示“宁愿”、“喜欢”。如:
①Personally, I prefer walking to cycling.就个人来讲,我愿意疋行,不愿骑自行车。
②Amy prefers to be alone.艾米宁愿独自一人。
of, proud about
二者后面均接名词、代词或动名词,在句中作表语。proud of 用于褒义,意为:“为„„而自豪”。pround about 含有贬义,意为:“因„„而自高自大”。如:
①We are proud of our country.我们为自己的祖国感到自豪。
②They were proud about their success.他为自己的成功洋洋得意。
than, other than, would rather
rather than 为连词,前后两端所连词性一致,译为:“而不是”,“与其说是„„不如说是„„”。other than 可表示“不同于”,又可表示“除了”之意。would rather表示选择或主观上的愿意,意为:“宁愿,宁可”。如出现取舍的双方,则应该用“would rather„than”的结构。
①These shoes are comfortable rather than pretty.这些鞋子谈不上漂亮,但穿起来倒是舒适。
②The form cannot be signed by anyone other than yourself.除了你谁也不能在这张表上签名。
③I would rather stay at home than go out to play.我宁愿呆在家里,不想出去玩儿。
from, result in
result from意为:“是„„的结果,因„„而发生”,from的宾语表示原因。result in意指:“结果是,导致”,主语表原因,in的宾语则表结果。如:
①His failure resulted from not working hard enough.他的失败是由于他不够努力。
②The experiment resulted in the discovery of a cure for cancer.这个实验结果发现了治疗癌症的方法。
along, right away
right along 意为:“继续不断地,一直地”,可位于句中或句末。right away意为:“立刻,马上”,只位于句尾。如:
①They worked right along for several hours.他们连续不断地工作了好几个小时。
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②He said he couldn’t do the job right away.他说他不能立刻做那工作。
ied with, satisfied of
satisfied with 后接人或动名词,意为:“对„„满意”,相当于pleased with。satisfied of 后接事物名词或抽象名词,表示“确信”,相当于sure of。如:
①We are quite satisfied with your explanation.我们对你的解释很满意。
②I am satisfied of his ability to do the work.我确信你有做这种工作的能力。
68. see that, seeing that
see that意为:“务必要,一定”,在句中作谓语。seeing that是连词,可引导原因状语从句,意为:“鉴于,由于”,等于since。 如:
①See (to it) that you’re ready at 9:00 o’clock.你一定在9点准备好。
②Seeing that he is ill, we’ll do the work for him.既然他病了,我们代他做这件工作吧。
about, set out, set off
三个短语动词都有“开始,着手;动身,出发”之意。但后接成分不同。set
about作及物动词,后跟名词、代词或动名词。set out后必须接带to的不定式。set off作不及物动词使用,后不接宾语。如:
①He set about the task with precautions.他谨慎地着手做这一项工作。
②He set out to paint the whole house.他动手油漆整座房子。
③We’ll set off tomorrow morning.我们明天早上出发。
for, sick of, sick at, sick with
sick for表示一种渴望已久的心情,意为:“渴望,盼望”。sick of表示厌恶、反感的心情,译为“对„„感到厌恶、不耐烦”。sick at意为:“对(做某事)感到懊丧或不高兴”,后接动名词、名词。sick with译为:“患„„病”。如:
①He is sick for a sight of her.他渴望见她一面。
②I am sick of his getting me run around.我讨厌他把我弄得晕头转向。
③I’m very sick at not getting that job.我对没能获得那份工作感到十分不快。
④Kate is sick with flu.凯特患了流行性感冒。
up, sit up for ,sit up with
这几个短语都有“熬夜”之意,但用法有所不同。sit up用作不及物动词,不跟宾语。sit up for是sit up and wait for的合成,后接人或事物名词作宾语。sit up
with意为:“熬夜照看”,后只跟表示人的名词。如:
①The nurse sat up all night to take care of her patient.那位护士整夜没睡照顾她的病人。
②I shall get back very late, so don’t sit up for me.今晚我回来得很晚,你不必等我回来再睡觉。
72stand up for, stand up to
stand up for 常指给某人、某事在道义上或口头上的“支持拥护”。stand up to
指“勇敢地面对”困难、危险、敌人,“经得起”压力、考验等。如:
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①We stand up for thee cause of justice.我们维护正义的事业。
②Soldiers must stand up to danger.军人必须临危不惧。
pains, have pains
take pains意为:“尽力、费心,刻苦”,后常接不定式短语或介词with引导的短语。have pains也可用单数have (a) pain,意为:“某部位疼”,后跟“in + 人体部位名词”,也可反映精神、感情等方面的痛苦。如:
①He has taken great pains to study the details.他在细节的研究上下了苦功夫。
②She has pains in the stomach.她胃痛。
part in, take part with
take part in 意为:“参加”,后接表会议、劳动、活动的名词或动名词。take
part with 意为“支持”、“袒护”,后接表示人、组织、团体等名词。如:
①We often take part in the activities organized by the Health Club.我们经常参加健身俱乐部组织的活动。
②He always takes part with his son.他总是袒护他的儿子。
for, thanks to
thanks for中的介词for表原因,其后接名词或动名词,表示“为„„感激”。thanks to 中的to为介词,后接表示人的名词或代词,即感谢的对象;还可以接名词、代词或动名词,译为“由于,因为,多亏”等。如:
①Thanks for your coming.感谢您的光临。
②Thanks to your help we were successful.我们成功多亏你的帮助。
one’s mind, on one’s mind
两个短语中的mind无论任何时候都只能用单数。to one's mind意为:“依某人之意”或“合某人的心意”。on one's mind意为:“惦记、操心、焦虑”。如:
①To my mind, she’ll always be an unpleasant person to deal with.依我看,她永远是个不易相处的人。
②It was some time before we could get a ship to our mind.我们好久以后才有了一条合意的船。
③The approaching trial was on his mind.他一直惦记着临近的审判。
control, under the control of, in control of
under control意为:“在控制下”,可引申为“情况正常”,是一个表示被动意义的介词短语,常用作表语。如表示“在某人的控制之下”,用under one's
control。 under the control of 意为:“受„„控制,受„„管辖”,后接表人或部门等控制者的名词。in control of意为:“控制、管理”,有主动含义,后接被控制的对象。如:
①Eventually the fire was under control.火势终于被控制住了。
②He was under the control of evil men who forced him to do bad things.他受坏人的控制,他们强迫他干坏事。
③They were in control of this area.他们控制着这个地区。
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repair in repair
under repair意为:“在修理中”,具有被动意义。in repair表示某物处于一种“维修良好”的状态,常用in good repair。如:
①My computer is under repair.我的电脑正在维修。
②The road is in good repair.这条路保养得很好。
79. used to, be used to
used to 表示过去存在的某种状态或过去的习惯性行为,后跟动词不定式,可译为:“过去常常„„”。be used to中的to为介词,后跟名词、代词或动名词,译为:“习惯于„„”,系动词be 可换成get或become,有时态方面的变化。如:
①I used not to enjoy listening to rock music.我过去不喜欢听摇滚乐。
②After three weeks she had got used to the extreme heat.三个星期后她就适应酷热的环境了。
words, in word, in a word
With words和in word均表示“在口头上”“表面上”、,二者可以互用。in a word意为:“总而言之”,用来总结或概括前述内容。如:
①He is loyal to the Party in word and deed.他的方行都是忠于党的。
②In a word, he is warmhearted.总而言之,他是热心肠的。
be just as well, it is just as well
would be just as well表示建议意为:“最好还是„„”。it is just as well表示一种语气,意为:“„„真是件好事,„„倒也不错”。
①It would be just as well to lock the door when you go out.出门时最好还是锁上门。
②It is just as well that we didn’t go out in this rain.在这样的雨天,我们没有出门,倒是件好事。
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