私人谈话英语翻译

NEW CONCEPT ENGLISH BOOK 2

§ Lesson 1 A private

conversation 私人谈话

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★private adj.私人的

如果妈妈想看你的信, 你可以说 : It's

my private letter.

如果陌生人想进你的房子, 你可以说 :

It's my private house.

private life 私生活

由此引申出privacy n.隐私 : private

life 私生活

It‟s privacy.这是我的隐私!(不愿让别人知道的)

新东方是private school(私立学校), 与此相反, 公立学校是public school.所以,

private的反义词是public.

公众; public letter 公开信;

public place 公共场所

private还有一个值得注意的意思 : 普通的.

如 : private citizen 普通公民:I‟m a

private citizen.

private soldier 大兵;

我们熟悉的《拯救大兵瑞恩》就是《Private Ryan》

★conversation n.谈话

subject of conversation : 话题(天气是英国人最喜爱的话题)

几种谈话 :

1、talk 内容可正式可不正式, 也可以私人 : Let‟s have a talk.

2、conversation 一般用于正式文体中,

内容上往往不正式: They are having a

conversation.

3、dialogue 对话, 可以指正式国家与国家会谈 : China and Korea are having

a dialogue.

4、chat 闲聊, 就是北京人说的 “侃” ,

说的是无关紧要的事.

5、gossip 嚼舌头, 说长道短

have a +

talk/chat/dialogue/conversation/gossip 名词变动词

★seat n.座位

这个词很重要, 考试常考.

have a good seat,这里的seat指place(指地点不错), 而不是chair.

take a seat/take your seat 坐下来,

就坐

下面这个句子在口语、电影里很常见 : Is

the seat taken?(这个位置有人吗?)

考点 : 作为动词的seat与sit的区别

sit--vi; seat-vt

eg: He is sitting there.他住在那儿.

You seat him.你给他找个位置.

seat sb 让某人就坐,后面会加人

eg: seat yourselft.

Seat him.

★play n.戏

★loudly adv. 大声的

★angry adj. 生气的

cross=angry ; I was

was cross.

annoyed: 恼火的;

程 I was annoyed.

度 I was angry/cross.

加 I was very angry.

深 be blue in the face : I am blue in

the face.(脸色都青了, 相当生气了)

★bear(bore,borne) v. 容忍

bear,stand

I can't bear/stand you

endure[] :忍受,容忍

put up with :忍受

I got divorced（离婚）.I could not

put up with him

bear/stand/endure

忍受的极限在加大

put up with=bear=stand

bear n.熊 white bear

bear hug :热情(热烈)的拥抱

give sb a bear hug

★business n. 事, 生意

business man :生意人

do business: 做生意

go to some place on business:因公出差

I went to Tianjin on business.

thing 可以指事情,也可以指东西

business:某人自己的私人的事情

It's my business (指私人的事, 自己处理的事)

it's none of your business

【课文讲解】

go to the theatre

see a film=go to the cinema

go to the +地点 表示去某地干嘛

go to the doctor's 去看病

go to the dairy 去牛奶店

go to the + 人 + 's 表示去这个人开的店

go to the butcher's 买肉

go to school: 去上学

go to church: 去做礼拜

go to hospital(医院):去看病

go to the Great Wall

go home; 跟home相连一定表示没有事情可做,回家休息

I am at home 在家休息

enjoy, enjoy oneself:玩的开心

enjoy+sth :喜欢,从当中得到一种享受

I like something very much./I love

something.

I enjoy the class.

I enjoy the music.

I enjoy the book.

enjoy the

dinner/film/progeam/game

were sitting :当时正座在

过去进行时态 :过去的某个时间正在发生的动作

一个故事的背景往往用进行时态描述

I+be+v(ing)

The girl was reading a book in the

garden.A boy came to her.

got :变得,表示一种变化,got angry

I am/was angry 是一个事实

I got angry:强调变化过程

It is hot.

It got hot.

got取代be动词,got是一个半联系动词,可以直接加形容词

turn round:转头

not pay any attention = pay no

attention

表示注意,pay attention; 对什么加以注意,pay attention to sth

not any=no

I could not bear it./you./the noise.

I can't hear a word.

美音:肯定I can [] 否定,I

can't[],它的/t/是吞进去的,

在读音上很难区别, 只能根据上下文来定

2.如果时间和地点连在一起,先放地点,再放时间

如果问何时何地,是一个固定搭配 when

and where

(4)...

ahead of : 在...前面 (+时间、位置)(动态的行为)

ahead of time

He goes ahead of me.

5 ______ did the writer feel? Angry.

(5) ...c...

how ——对一个方式、状态提问

特殊疑问词对后面的答案提问

angry(adj)

how(adv.)——对形容词、副词、介词短语提问

where ——用介词,地点

when ——用介词,时间

why ——用because回答

11 The writer could not bear it. He

could not ______ it.

(11)...

suffer:遭受,忍受 (精神或肉体上)+痛苦

bear: 忍受=stand

I suffer the headache.

He often suffers defeat.

§ Lesson 2 Breakfast or lunch?

早餐还是午餐?

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★until prep.直到

直到...才; 直到...为止

后面加(时间状语)从句,前面就是主句

1) His father didn't die until he

came back. (肯定)

直到他回来,他爸爸才死.

2) His father was alive until he

came back. (否定)

直到他回来为止,他爸爸都是活着的.

到他回来这一点之前,没死 : not die;

活的 : 不加not.

把until作为时间终止线

从句的时间终点之前,这个动作做了还是没做?

做了——肯定;

没做——否定.

For he ___A(C)___(wait) until it

stopped raining.

A. waited 't wait

't

leave

I stay in bed until twelve o'clock.

I didn't get up until 12 o'clock.

★outside adv. 外面

作状语

He is waiting for me outside.

It is cold outsid.

ring() v.(铃、电话等)响

(刺耳的)

[注]这种响是刺耳的, 往往是提醒人做某事

The telephone(door bell) is ringing.

而风铃等响要用jingle

jingle(bell): (铃儿) 响叮当

给某人打电话 : ring sb.

Tomorrow I'll ring you.

打电话(名) : give sb. a ring

Remember to ring me/remember to

give me a ring

戒指(名词) n

★aunt n.姑,姨,婶,舅妈(所有长一辈的女性都用这个称呼)

与此相同, 男性则是uncle: 叔叔

他们的孩子 : cousin : 堂兄妹(不分男女)

cousin的孩子 : nephew : 外甥,

niece : 外甥女[记 : “捏死” ]

★repeat v.重复

【课文讲解】

On Sundays: 所有的星期天,每逢星期天

never: 从来不 (可以直接用在动词前面)=not (变成否定句,前面一定要加助动词)

I don't like her.=I never like her.

因为是上个星期,所以时态不是一般现在时.

look out of :朝窗外看 out of是固定搭配

从...里:from, out of

dark: 天很黑

What a day?

What + a + n.——感叹句

It is a terrible day.==> What a

terrible day!

what+a/an (+a.)+n.(+主语+谓语)

What a terrible day!

省略 : 1.主、谓随时可省

what a good girl (she is)!

2.省形容词

What a day! 有上下文和一定的语境,

才能省略形容词.

just then: 就在那时

It was my aunt Lucy.

如果不知道对方性别, 可以用it取代

Who are you?/Who is it ?

just只会出现在 “现在完成时”

by train

by 直接加交通工具(不能有任何修饰词,

复数)

如果加修饰词, 就要换掉by用in或on

I go out by bus.

若是两辆 : I go out in/on two buses.

I'm coming to see you. 我将要来看你.

用 come 的现在进行时态 be coming

表示一般将来

同样的用法还有 :

go,come,leave,arrive,land,meet,die,start,

前4个一定要记住

天哪!英国人说Dear me!或My dear!

美国人说 : My god! [] ([]发啊的音)注意美英的发音不同.

It‟s one o‟clock! 注意下划线要连读!

【Key structures】 关键句型

本课的重点句型是现在进行和一般现在.

Now,often and Always 表示现在和经常发生的动作

Now——现在进行时(说话的当时正在发生, 现阶段正在发生)

Often , Always——一般现在时

"现阶段":I am working as a teacher.

/

I

一般现在时, 是一种习惯, 真理, 是过去,

现在和未来都会发生的事情.

现在还在睡觉

He is still sleeping.

频率副词往往放在句子中间, 实义动词前,

非实义动词后

如果既有实义动词又有非实义动词, 要放在两个之间.

疑问句中副词往往放在主语后面.

非实义动词 : 1.系动词(be)

2.助动词帮助动词构成时态的(do,does,will,shall,have,had,has)

3.情态动词 :

(must,can,may) 除此之外都是实义动词.

p4 Exercises

1 I am looking out of my window.

I can see some children in the

street. The children ______ (play)

football. They always ______ (play)

football in the street. Now a little

boy ______ (kick) the ball.

Another boy ______ (run) after him

but he cannot catch him.

2 I carried my bags into the hall.

„What you ______ (do)?‟my

landlady asked.

„I ______ (leave), Mrs. Lynch, ‟ I

answered.

„Why you ______ (leave)?‟ she

asked. „You have been here only a

week. ‟

„A week too long, Mrs. Lynch, ‟ I

said. „There are too many rules in

this house. My friends never

______ (come) to visit me. Dinner

is always at seven o'clock, so I

frequently ______ (go) to bed

hungry. You don't like noise, so I

rarely ______ (listen) to theradio.

The heating doesn't work, so I

always ______ (feel) cold. This is a

terrible place for a man like me.

Goodbye, Mrs. Lynch. ‟

playing; "always" play; is

kicking"now"; is running

you doing; am leaving; (用进行时态表达将来时:go,,arrive

join,return,die,land,meet)

"别人用什么时态, 你就用什么时态”

are you leaving

come

go(I go to bed hungry.形容词做状语)

(rarely 很少) listen

"doesn't work" 停止工作, 已坏了, 不起作用了.

feel

I frequently go to bed hungry (背诵)

He went to school hungry.饿着肚子上学.

You must come here hungry.空腹来这里.

【Special Difficulties】 难点

What+a/an+a.+n.+主语+谓语

What 对名词感叹

is causing a lot of trouble

名词:trouble

主语:he

动词:is causing

What (a lot of) trouble( he is

causing)!

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

doesn't get up early on

Sundays. He gets up ______ .

5."not early"

late(adj./adv.)

lately(adv.)=recently(adv.)最近的,

近来的.

how are you going lately? 最近一段时间身体还好吗?

A

8 He ______ out of the window

and saw that it was raining.

ed

d

8.A

look(vi.):表示看的动作; 后面一定要加介词

see(vt.) : 表示看的结果; 后面直接加宾语

watch : 表示观看; 后面直接加宾语,

但宾语一定是能够活动的东西

look at pictures (对)watch

pictures(错)

11 Breakfast is the first ______ of

the day.

11.D

lunch :中餐 food :食物

dinner:正餐 一天中最丰盛的那顿饭,

可能是中餐, 也可能是晚餐, 但决不会是早餐.

meal : 一顿饭

频率副词,放在实义动词前, 非实义动词后;如果即有实义动词又有非实义动词.要放在两个之间

疑问句中副词往往放在主语的后面

§ Lesson 3 Please Send Me a

Card 请给我寄张明信片

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★send v. 寄, 送

寄信 : send a letter

用法 : send sth to sb/send sb sth

类似的用法还有give,take,pass,

send/take children to school

区别 : take : 强调某人亲自送; take

flowers to his wife 自己送

send则是通过第三人去送, 如美国的校车 send flowers to his wife 叫店里的人送

postcard n. 明信片

[注意]/t/和/k/前者失去爆破音

send him a card

简写为card, 由此引申出 :

namecard/visiting card : 名片

Here is my namecard.(口语常用, 同时伴随着递出的动作)

ID card:身份证; ID : 身分, 身份

(identification, identity)

credit card:信用卡

cash card 现金卡, 储蓄卡, 工资卡(不能透支的那种)

★spoil(spoiled or spoilt) v. 使索然无味, 损坏(重点词)

几种破坏 :

break: 打破; break the windows 打破玻璃

damage: 破坏, 程度不一定很重

destroy : 破坏, 彻底摧毁

以上三个是指物理上的破坏, 而spoil主要指精神上

spoil: 把东西的质量变得不好; 生活中不顺心的事;宠坏, 溺爱

1、宠坏 His parents spoiled the boy.

2、毁了某人心情.

This spoiled my day.

What you said spoiled me.

His arrival spoiled my hoilday.

★museum n. 博物馆

Palace Museum:故宫

★public adj. 公共的

这个词我们在第一课见过了, 基本用法和private一起记. 下面再说两点 :

public house简称pub : 酒吧 ; public

place 公共场所

in public:公开的; in private:私下里的(介词短语在英语中往往充当状语)

Let‟s have a conversation in private.让我们私下谈谈?

Why not have a conversation in

public? 为什么不公开谈呢?(当面说呢?)

★friendly adj. 友好的

以-ly结尾是形容词, 同样的还有lovely

adj.

friendly单独用, 形容词, 一般做定语来用

作为状语表示这个人做什么事情很友好,

用短语in a friendly way

waiter n. 服务员, 招待员

waiter(男服务员), waitress(女服务员),

只出现在餐馆里

领班 : chief waiter

商店里的店员 : shop assistant

其他公共场所的服务员:attendant

★lend v. 借给 lend to / lend

sb/ lend .

借进 : borrow: borrow from; 但borrow不能用 borrow sb sth.

★decision n. 决定

v. decide

make a big/great dicision (重大/伟大,

更重大)

★whole adj. 整个的

: all the day (the可省略)

the whole.. : the whole day.

all of后面如果加代词, 代词前面不需要修饰词

一旦要加名词, 前面一定要加the

all of us;all of the students

★single adj. 唯一的, 单一的

反义词 : double 双倍的

【课文讲解】

The baby spoilded my night.

Italian[]于Italy[] : 注意读音不同

and 先后往往是对等的概念, but也是如此

teach .

He teaches our English.(错)

He teacher us English.(对)

语言不可数, 所以要用a little Italian或a few words of Italian

I can speak a little English/a few

words of English

think about/of 考虑, 思考, think of还可指想到

think over:仔细考虑

last summer里的last表示 “上一个”

last:表示 “上一个” 或 “最后一个” , 表示 “最后一个” 时要加冠词the

具体到一天及一天的早中晚都要用on

I spend the whole day in my room.

spend+时间+地点 : 在什么地点我花费/度过了多少时间

I spend three hours in the sea.

I spend my weekend at my

mother's.

I spend three hours in the

classroom everyday.

I spend a lot of time in traffic

jam.(交通堵塞)

Review回顾 :

spoil

send/lend/teach .

send/lend/teach sth. to sb

【Special Difficulties】 难点

双宾语 : 直接宾语(表示动作结果)和间接宾语(动作目标)

give ./give sth to sb

sb: 间接宾语

sth: 直接宾语

间接宾语在后面时, 其前必须加to(对……而言)或for(为……而做)

give a book to me. I buy a book

for you

take flowers to my wife.

order soup for you.

可以翻译为 “给” 、 “替” 、 “为” 的,

就用for; 如果只能翻译为 “给” 的, 就用to

与for相连的 buy,order,make,find

find sb.

do sb.a favor 帮某人一个忙

Do me a favor please./Do a favor

for me.帮我一个忙

Exercise

paid some money to the shop-keeper.

writer brought the man a

bottle of beer.

在日常生活中, 碰到熟人 : Can I buy

you a bottle of beer ? 意为我请你喝杯酒的概念.

What do you think of?

What do you think of the weather

today? 你觉得天气怎么样?

cold,chilly,freeze, I'll freeze.我要冻僵了

What do you think of TV program

last night?

send somebody something

send something to somebody

give, take, pass, read, sell, buy

find something for somebody

make buy Do a favor for me.

Can I order something for you?

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

4 ______ him a few words of

Italian? The waiter.

taught did teach

did he teach did

he teach

找特殊疑问词的时候一定要根据答案来决定

who whom

人做主语提问——who 对宾语提问——whom

如果对主语提问, 则句子的的语序和陈述句语序一样

如果对非主语来提问, 则句子要使用特殊疑问词+一般疑问句的语序

A 正确 who既可以对主语提问也可以对宾语提问, 而whom只能对宾语提问

Who/Whom did the waiter teach a

few words of Italian?

5 He was a friendly waiter. He

spoke to the writer ______ .

friends friends

a friendly way

He spoke to the writer like a friend.

in...way :以...方式

D正确

friendly单独用, 形容词, 一般做定语来用

作为状语表示这个人做什么事情很友好,

用短语in a friendly way

7 He spent the whole day in his

room. He was in his room ______

day.

hole all of

whole all the day; all of us

C正确

all of 后面如果加代词, 代词前面不需要修修饰词

一旦要加名词, 前面一定要加the

all of the friends all of my friends

all of the students

10 On the last day he made a big

decision. It was the ______ day of

his holiday.

the last day, final——形容词 end——名词/动词

bottom——名词 形容词修饰

The news excited me.

让后面的人感到...

interesting:令人感到有趣的

I have a lot of friends

I have a great number of friends.

has gone to :去了某地没回来

has been to :曾经去过某地, 现在不在那个地方

interested: 感到有意思的

day

latest:最新的 latest news The book interests me.那本事让我感latest style 新款

11 He made a big decision. He

______ .

t about it up his

mind .changed his mind

a wish

think about:考虑、思考、想

make up one's mind:下定决心

change one's mind:改变主意

make a wish : 许个心愿, 愿望, 许愿

B正确

【Key structures】 关键句型

Exercise B

My friend, Roy, ______ (die) last

year. He ______ (leave) me his CD

player and his collection of CDs.

Roy ______ (spend) a lot of money

on CDs. He ______ (buy) one or

two new CDs every week. He never

______ (go) to the cinema or to the

theatre. He ______ (stay) at home

every evening and ______ (listen)

to music. He often ______ (lend)

CDs to his friends. Sometimes they

______ (keep) them. He ______

(lose) many CDs in this way.

died 有具体的过去时间一定是具体的过去式

一般现在时

bought

§Lesson 4 An exciting trip 激动人心的旅行

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★exciting adj. 令人兴奋的

excite:激动

excited:

-ed: 自己感到 / -ing:令人感到

exciting boy 令人兴奋的男孩

interesting man

The man is interesting.

The news exciting,I am excited

这类动词的宾语一定是人

到很有趣

★receive v. 接受, 收到

accept : 同意接收

receive:客观的收到

This morning I received a bunch of

flowers from a boy,but I didn't

accept it.

take 也可以作收到 take the exam :

接收考试; take advice接收建议

receive/have

receive/have a letter from

somebody.

★firm n. 商行, 公司

company

★different adj. 不同的

★centre n. 中心

★abroad adv. 在国外

副词, 直接和动词连用

go aroad 去国外

live abroad 国外定居

study abroad 国外学习

【课文讲解】

读音语调要顿拙一些

received a letter from just和完成时连用

months one month[] two

months[] 注意读音 将//省略

I'have arrived in Beijing. (has

been)arrive 是瞬间动词不能和段时间连用

He has been in Beijing for one year.

has been + in 地点

He has been in America for tow

years.

连读

work for work in 强调地点 work

for强调work

I am working for a school.

I am working in the New Oriental

school.

a great number of 类似于, 约等于a

lot of

a great number of 后面一定要加可数名词复数

a lot of 可加可数名词也可加不可数名词

Have you been to Paris?

soon:很快(时间)

from there:从那地方起

from 即可以加时间又可以加地点

from half past 8 to half past 11

from Beijing to Tianjing

fly to Perth: go to Perth by air

before——副词, 在此之前 现在完成时态的标志

find trip exciting

find +宾语+形容词做宾补 find

the room clean

find her happy

is finding I' . . We‟re

...在口语中经常使用

〖语法精粹〗P4

下面表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时

believe;doubt see hear know

understand belong think

consider feel look seem show mind

have sound taste

require possess care like hate love

detest desire

arrive不能和断时间连用

用进行时态表示将来时态的 : go,

come ,leave ,arrive

第3课关键句型 : 一般过去式 第4课关键句型 : 现在完成式

第5课 : 一般过去式和现在完成式的相同点, 不同点, 用的时候要注意什么

下面几个词一出现就标志着完成式 : just

before already

receive take(拿 带, 一般不作收到用)他到某地有多久了.

He ...

I have been here for three years.

find:发现, 找到

find the book dirty

find+n.+a.(宾补)

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

3 Tim is in Australia. He went

______ Australia six months ago.

at...表示位置 (典型表示位置的介词短语)

只要有to这个感念, 它的后面一定要有宾语, go to the theater

(in 做副词)很少加宾语 He

went in.

有去向的动作, 还有进入的动作 go into the room

move:搬家

move in:搬进来

move to the new house:正在搬

move into :搬进去了

4 Tim is in Australia. How long

______ there?

he he been he

he

对段时间提问, 跟现在完成时相连

have+动词的过去分词

§Lesson 5 No wrong numbers

无错号之虞

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★pigeon n. 鸽子

It's not my pigeon. 这不是我的过错＝None of my busness.

★message n. 信息

不可数

leave sb. a message:给...留便条

I'll leave you a message.

take a message for sb: 替...捎口信

Can I take a message for you? 你能替我捎个口信吗?

Can you take a message for me?

打电话 :

Hello!--May I have a word with

Tom ?/May I speak with/to Tom?--Can you take a message for me?

★cover v. 越过

cover:覆盖

cover+距离 : 越过 cover the

distance

★distance n. 距离 distant:(a)远距离的

importance:(n.)重要

important:(a.)重要的

difference : (n.)不同 different:(a.)

不同的

keep distance:保持距离

Can I share this table?

Can I join you?

★request n. 要求, 请求

request for: 对...有请求, 有需求

I have a request for the cake.

request 要求某人做..＝ask do sth.

require do sth.

you are required/asked 对人要求习惯用被动语态

★spare part 备件

★service n. 业务, 服务

serve:(v.) 服务, 接待

service:(n.)服务, 业务

at your service-glad to be at your

service-I am glad to be at your

service. 我很乐意为您效劳.

——Thank you.

——You are welcome.(下次又需要再来找我)/Not at all.(根本完全不用谢)/That's (all)right.(绝对正确, 绝对过时)/(It's) My pleasure.(我很高兴这么做, 把自己放得很低, 把对方抬得很高)/That's ok.(类似于That's

(all)right.)

——Thank you for your listening.在讲课, 演讲结束时说, 即感谢大家的合作的概念

应以鼓掌回应.

情急之下, 可通用以下 :

—No thanks.

－No sorry.

【课文讲解】

garage[]:车库, 车行,

两种读音要注意

another:其它的很多个中的一个

other: 其它的

the other:

Pinhurst is five miles (away) from

Silbury.

Bus stop is only one mile from

school/here.

Bus stop is only one mile (away).

--? 多远

How far(away) is the bus stop?

How far is your home(from here)?

My home is ten miles away from

here.

get a telephone:得到电话, 安装电话

for:为了

完成时态

:从一个地点的另外一个地点

英语中能使文章生辉的一个是动词一个是介词

carry:带着, 携带 其强调所携带的东西不会着地, 体会下例 :

I take my sister to the cinema.

I carried my son.

I carry the bag.

cover the distance:飞过那段距离

up to now:到现在为止(现在完成时)

request for:对...的需求

a great many:许多(+可数名词复数)

a great number of : 许多(+可数名词复数)

...request and ...message(并列)

other:其它的

urgent(adj):紧急的 :紧急的事情

another:其它中的一个(+单数名词)

the other:两个之中的另外一个

he other

other:(a.)+n. 其它的 (可+单/复数名词)

others=>other + 名词复数(不用再加名词)

Some boys are playing

others are rowing/(going boating).

One is watering the flowers,and the

other is reading.

Can you show me another?

【Special Difficulties】 难点

in this way:这样,以这种方式

in a friendly way

in a way : 从某种意义上来说: In a

way,you are kind.

in the way:挡路: Sorry,you are in

the way.(在口语中很少用, 一般用Excuse me)

out of the way:让路 : Get out of the

way!.你给我滚出去!

by the way:随便说一声, 随便问一下(开头——转移话题, 随意)

on the way(to):在去...的途中(陈述句) :

on the way to school/the office,on

the way home.

另 : in the family way:怀孕了, 快有小孩了(have a baby)

The woman is in the family way.

Exercise

1 ______ from Athens to London,

the plane stopped at Rome.

2 I cooked this ______ you

showed me.

3 ______ , where is my coat?

4 Yes, ______ he has been very

successful.

5 Children get ______ during the

holidays.

(1) ...On

Athens:雅典 London:伦敦

(2)...in the way

这种方式

in the way you showed me.

I fly the kite in the way you showed

me.

(3)...By

(4)...in

从某种意义上来说

(5).....

get one's own way:随心所欲 (at

one‟s pleasure)

关于系动词 : 一般来说, 如be become

一定不单独使用, 往往要在后面加上表语,

我们称它为系动词.

但另外还有一些系动词同时又是不及物的实义动词, 常见的有 : seem look

appear sound taste feel smell stay

remain keep grow trun go run get

prove stande等, 这些词有的语法书上称为半联系动词.

A little 修饰不可数名词; a few 修饰可数名词

soon:不久以后, 强调的是时间上的快

He will soon visit will

visit Darwin＿＿,

(a)quickly (b)for a short time

(c) shortly (d)in a hurry

He went quickly .quickly指的是动作上的快

for a short time:不久, 表示动作延续一段时间

soon:不久以后, 表示在这段时间之后

shortly=soon.不久以后

in a hurry:匆忙的指的是动作

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

4 Mr. Scott cannot get a telephone

for his garage. ______ he has just

bought twelve pigeons.

's so 's why e

so表示前面是原因, 后面是结果

That's why :那就是为什么, 前者是原因

That's why+从句 : 那就是......原因,

前者是原因, 后者why后面是结果

I was caught in the traffic

's why I was late.

be动词后面是表语, 后面的从句是表语从句

That's后面的表语从句常常用特殊疑问词引导, 再加一个句子

That's when we can start class.

That's where we will have a meeting.

That's how I get to school.

8 Mr. Scott has a garage in Silbury.

His ______ garage is in Pinhurst.

r ent

(8)......

another:另外一个

another=an+other

an/a是冠词

his/my/your是形容词性物主代词

my mother's是名词所有格

在语法上, 以上三个词是不能同时并存的,

一般要用只能用其中一个

a bag/my bag

his,形容词物主代词,

another=an+other

another强调的是剩下的还有好几个当中的一个, 强调的是有三个以上

other:其它的, 加单数就表示一个, his取代the的位置

语法的范围正在放宽松, his another 也对, 但不太好

else:其他的

1、疑问代词, who else,what else can

I do for you?

2、anyone else,anything else?不定代词

else会放在被修饰词的后面, 会修饰两种词, 疑问词和不定代词

different:不同的

【时态填空】

1 What ______ you ______ (buy)

yesterday?

2 Up till now, he never ______

(lend) me anything.

3 ______ you (burn) those old

papers yet?

4 He ______ (fight) in Flanders in

the First World War.

5 They already ______ (leave).

6 When ______ you ______ (lose)

your umbrella?

7 ______ you ______ (listen) to

the concert last night?

8 We just ______ (win) the match.

1...

yesterday,一般过去时

2....has never lent..

up till now/up to now,现在完成时

never属于频率副词, 频率副词一定会放在实义动词之前, 非实义动词之后

3.....have

burn:燃烧, yet,现在完成时的标志

4......(fight的过去分词)

in the first World War,in+具体的过去年代是具体的过去时间, 一般过去时

5....have

already:已经

6...did

When,对时间点提问

要不然和将来时连用, When will you do

sth?

如果确定不和将来时连用, 一般情况When的出现意味着一般过去时

现在完成时会用How long定位

7...Did

last night,一般过去时

8...have

just

动词的时态的第一种概念 : 根据这句话本身找关键词

完形填空一句话的出的结论不一定是正确的, 往往要根据上下文的时间得出时态

§Lesson 6 Percy Buttons 珀西.巴顿斯

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★beggar n. 乞丐

beg v.乞求

I beg your pardon?

ask for :请求得到

beg for :乞求得到

★food n. 食物 不可数

a lot of food

★pocket n. 衣服口袋

inner pocket:内口袋

jacket pocket : 夹克的口袋

coat pocket : 大衣口袋

pocket book:袖珍书

pocket dictionary:袖珍词典

pocket money : (小孩)零花钱

change:零钱

get exact change : 准备好正确的零花钱

beer money:(男孩)零花钱

pocket pick:车上的小偷

★call v. 拜访, 光顾

visit

call sb:给某人打电话

call up sb:给某人打电话

call back:回某人电话

Can you take a message for me?

Can you tell him to call back?

call on sb 拜访某人

call at,at一般和地点相连

call at+地点＝visit someplace 拜访某地

I will call on you.

I will call at your home.

call out =shout,大声喊

call in sb:招集和邀请某人

For the project,the government

called in a lot of experts.

【课文讲解】

move to :搬到

knock at:敲

knock at the door

knock at the window

beer[];bear[] 注意读音

ask sb for sth:问某人要什么东西;

request for

for;为了这个目的去请求某人, sb更多的时候不出现, ask for sth

The boy asked (his parents省略)for

money again/once more.

in return for this : 作为对什么的回报

in return:作为回报

He doesn't want anything in return.他不想得到任何回报

hospitality:热情

I'll buy a present for him in return

for hospitality.

this 在代词当中常常指代上文的一件事情

stood on his head : 倒立

stand on one's hands:用手着地(hand单数就是一只手, 双手复数)

跪着, 膝盖 : knees : stand on one's

knees

躺着, 躺 : lie : lie in bed

lie on one's back:仰面躺着

lie on one's side:侧躺

lie on one's stomach : 趴着

give him a meal

go away

later : 后来

tell sb about sth,about:关于, 通过其他事自己得出结论, tell you about him

tell sb sth:告诉某人某件事(把事情直接告诉), tell you the news

tell you the word

tell you about the word

everybody作为主语一定作单数看待, 属于不定代词

所有的不定代词作为主语一律为单数看待 : somebody anybody everything等

calls at every house

in the street英国写/on the street美国写

once a month:一个月一次, 单位表达方式

a.表示每月一次, 计量单位 “/”

five kilometers an hour

ask for,是ask sb for sth的省略

Percy Buttons? a beggar

He calls at every house in the street

once a month and asks for a meal

and a glass of bear

【Key structures】 关键句型

a,the和some

a:单数, 可数名词

the:可加单数/复数, 还可加不可数名词,

加在什么名词前面都对

some:只能加在不可数名词的前面或可数名词复数的前面

a和the的区别

a是泛指, a man;特指, the man

在文章当中第一次出现名词的时候往往用a和an修饰, 第二次出现的时候用the

在表示一种笼统概念的陈述句中可以省略a和some

Yesterday I bought a book,Books

are not very expensive.

笼统概念 : 某某一类/一种东西

I have just drunk a glass of

milk ,Milk is very refreshing.

I ate an apple./Apples are delicious.

I like you like some

oranges?

bought a bag of flour,a

bag of sugar,and some tea.

She always buys flour,sugar and tea

at the grocer's

a和the

A man is walking towards

man is carrying a parcel

is full of meat.

Names

We cannot put a or the in front of

names

表示某某一类人当中, 具有这种特征当中的一个, a

【Special Difficulties】 难点

某些动词的后面加上介词或副词以后就会改变词义, 这种新的组合称作短语动词

put:放, put on

take:拿走, take off

look:看, look at:看, look for:寻找,

look afrer:照顾, look out:当心

call : call at,call on,call in ,call

back,call for(a.去取某物, 去接某人b.需要 : The problem calls for

immediate action 这个问题需要立即采取行动)

knock : knock at:敲, knock

off,knock over,knock out

knock off:下班, He knocked off

earlier.

knock sth off+地点, knock the vase

off the table

knock off:打折, knock 10% off the

price.

knock over,A car knocked the boy

over.

如果有地点, off; 无地点, over,I

knocked the boy off the bicycle.

Exercises A

1 He did not know how to fight,

but he knocked the boxer ______ .

2 This flowerpot is broken, Who

knocked it ______ ?

3 I knocked ______ early

yesterday and went to a football

match.

4 Listen! Someone is knocking

______ the window!

1...

knock out :打晕, boxer:拳击手

在拳击场合中, 把人打倒在地叫knock

out(专用术语)

2...

无地点

3...

4...at...

Exercises B

1 The old lady hit the thief over

the head with a candlestick and now

he is unconscious.

2 At what time do you finish work

every day?

3 The shopkeeper reduced the

price of all his goods by 20%.

1 knock out 2 knock off 3 knock

10% off the price of all the goods

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

5 A neighbour told me about him.

He ______ Percy Buttons was a

beggar.

me to me

5...D...

say说/tell告诉

He says + 句子; He says+that+句子;

say to sb.

tell sb.+句子 : tell sb.+that+句子

He said to me/he told me

Percy Buttons 作为从句的主语

一个简单句只有一个主语一个动词

He told me Percy Bottons was a

Beggar.

6 Everybody knows him ______

know him.

all they

they all(对)/all they(错)

all of us/all of them

我们所有人 all of us,we all

each/every 每一个

each:强调个体; every 强调整体

every adj.+n. 每一个(书, 本, 人等)

each adj.&pron.:each adj.+n; each

pron.直接作主语或者宾语

every

each /

every 不能做主语; each 强调个体, 使用第三人称单数

7 ______ does he call? Once a

month.

seldom long

soon often

once a month:每月一次, 属于频率

对频率提问 : how often

提问多久 : how long

提问次数 : how many times

How many times do you visit your

mother each month?

How long do you visit your mother?对时间提问

How often do you visit your mother?对时间和次数提问

How soon 多久以后

How soon will you finish your

homework?

8 A beggar is a person who

______ .

for money but doesn't work

for food

hard out of work

out of work 失业

I am out of work,/I lose my job.

10 She gave him a piece of cheese.

He put the ______ of cheese in his

pocket.

10...A...

piece of:a piece of cheese 一块奶酪

bit : a bit of /a piece of 在英文中经常互用

bar: a bar of chocolate---一块巧克力

bar 门闩 : 长条状 : a bar of

chocolate; a bar of soap

block 块, 一大块: block v.堵塞; block

n.房子

packet:一包

a /a

12 All the houses in our ______

are the same age and size.

12...A...

same age and size 同年代同样式

street 两边有房子的街道, 强调城市里的街道

way, on the way,in the way 挡住某人的路(强调方向)

road 路的通称 : road home 通往家的路 (张艺谋的影片《我的父亲母亲》的英文名)

route 路线

〖语法精粹〗

can you___b____if you are

not ____?

ing/hearing

/listening

listening/hear

hearing/listening to

listen听/hear听见

如果你不听, 怎么可能听见呢?

be 不能加动词原形; be+ -ed/-ing

can+动词原形

girl even won't have her

lunch before she__D__her

homework.

finish

finishing

finished

es

won't=will not

状语从句中, 用一般现在时取代将来时.

who have applied for the

post__A__in the office.(此题超前)

being interviewed

interviewing

iewing (光动词+ing不能构成谓语) be interviewing (不定式不能构成谓语动词)

apply for 申请

who 在名词后面, 引导定语从句

interview 面试

从句(have applied for)现在完成时, 主句缺少谓语动词

being interviewed 被动

interviewing 主动

在英文中, 只能领导对员工面试, 员工只能被面试

old scientist __C___to do

more for the country.

wishing been wishing.

been wished 从语法上说合理,

但不合情

scientist 科学家; wish 希望

表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时态.

wish do

he___B___,don't wake him up.

sleeps still sleeping

had been sleeping be

sleeping still

if——一般用一般现在式

如果他在睡觉的话, 不要吵醒他

关于时态的把握 : 1.关键词2.上下文3.潜在含义

now 现在进行时

often,always 一般现在时

just,already 现在完成时

last week,一般过去时

§ Lesson 7 Too late 为时太晚

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★detective n. 侦探

detective story 侦探小说

★airport n. 机场

★airfield n. 飞机起落的场地

port 港口; airport航空港

field 田野; airfield 停机坪

at the airport

on the airfield

★expect v. 期待, 等待

except (prep)除……之外

expect/ik'spekt/ v. 期待, 等待

I think so.

I expect so.我希望如此［口语］

expect do sth.期待某人做某事

expect sth.及物动词 : I expect your

letter.

I expect you to write back.

wait for sth./wait for sb.不及物动词

expect:心理上的等待

wait for:动作上的等待

I wait for my mother.

I expect my mother to come back.

★valuable adj. 贵重的

★precious adj. 珍贵的

value n.v ---valuable adj.有价值的

valuable/ precious

precious 带有感情色彩的

precious photo 珍贵的照片

price 价格; priceless adj.-less 表否定;

没有价格的, 无价的

valueless adj. 没有价值, 不足道的

worth 值 : worthless adj. 无价值的

★parcel n. 包裹

★diamond n. 钻石

precious stone 宝石

crystal 水晶; jade 玉

diamond ring 钻石戒指

★steal v. 偷

steal,stole,stolen

steal sth. 偷(某物)

rob sb. 抢(某人)

My wallet was stolen.

I was robbed.

rob the bank 与地点相连的偷抢都用rob+地点

★main adj. 主要的

main building; main street

main sentence; main idea

但不能与人连用

★guard n. 警戒, 守卫

life guard 救生员/body guard 保镖

★stone n. 石子

★sand n. 沙子

本课重点 : 过去进行时, 一般过去时

一般过去时与现在完成时

共同点 : 动作在过去都做过了.

区别 : 过去式只能强调过去的事, 和现在没有任何关系.

I ate a piece of bread.

现在完成时, 过去的事情对现在产生的影响.

I have eaten a piece of bread this

morning.I'm not hungry.

The clock stopped.陈述事实

The clock has stopped.过去的事实对现在造成影响

It snowed yesterday.

It has snowed yesterday.强调对现在造成影响

【课文讲解】

all morning=all the morning

The plane was late 飞机晚(点)了

The bus was late./The train was late.

detectives 没有强调一些侦探或者那些侦探, 强调侦探这种人

笼统感念, 可不加some,the

.... 故事背景, 用进行时态

They 期待着心理上的等

They were

a valuable parcel of diamonds

a cup of tea 强调的是茶

South Africa 南非

a few hours earlier 几个小时以前

a few hours before/a few hours ago

someone 过去完成时, 过去以前发生的事情

...that thieves would

would+do 过去将来时,间接方式, 转述,

站在过去看未来

that 从句.典型的宾语从句, 起转述作用

steal sth.

/

others=other+名词复数

...the plane arrived,...were waiting

inside the main building

while others were

when; while 当……时候

while能用when代替; 但是when却不一定能用while代替.

while+从句, 动作一定会延续

when+延续性动词/瞬间动词; when he

arrived

when he died

when,while强调动作同时发生

过去进行时 :

在过去的某一点时间, 或者是过去某一动作同时发生的另外一个动作

瞬间动词(arrive)无进行时态

I am arriving 进行时态表示将要

When he arrived,I was having

dinner.

同时发生的两个动作, 均用过去进行时

When I was doing my

homework,my mother was cooking.

When my mother was doing the

housework,my father was watching

TV.

同时发生的两个动作

1.一个用一般过去时, 另一个用过去进行时

2.分工的情况, 均用过去进行时

When the plane arrived,...were

waiting inside the main building

while others were

Two men took the

take ...=take and carried arried 表示看得很重

Customs House 海关

...were keeping guard at the

door,two others opened the parcel.

表面上是分工, 两个动作同时发生, 不是同时开始同时结束, 延续时间不一致,

长一点时间的动作用进行时态, 短时间的动作用过去时.

When someone knocked at the

door,I was having dinner.

keep guard 守卫; at the door 在门边(固定搭配)

two others=two other detectives

To their surprise

to one's surprise,让某人惊讶的是

To my surprise,the teacher was late.

To one‟s +表达人情绪的名词

to one's joy

To my joy, my mother came here

yesterday.

to one's excitement

To our excitement,our team wins.

be full of ...装满

My bag was full of books.

The cup is full of water.

总结

a few hours ealier 几个小时以前

two others

to one's surprise,...

be full of 装满

重点 : 过去动作同时发生的时态

1.过去两个动作同时发生, 习惯上一个用一般过去时, 另一个用过去进行时

; 动作长用过去进行时, 动作短用一般过去时; 分工的情况, 动作的开始时间和

结束时间几乎相同, 均用过去进行时;

I was listening to the radio,my

sister was dancing.

2.两个动作在同时段进行, 在不同时间结束, 先发生的动作未结束, 另一个动作

发生, 先发生的动作用进行时态, 另一个动作用过去时.

When the telephone rang,I was

opening the door.先开门

When the telephone was ringing, I

opened the door. 电话先响

3.瞬间动词没有进行时态, 所以两个动作同时发生, 延续性动词用进行时态, 瞬间

动词使用过去时态.

【Special Difficulties】 难点

Do you remember these sentences?

come and

I am

v.+prep.+宾语

Now read these sentences

v.+prep./adv.代表不同的意思

look at 看; look after照料

v.+prep./adv.+宾语(n.)

v.+宾语(n./pron.)+prep./adv.

take off ake the coat

off/take it off

coat n.作宾语

put on your shoes/put your shoes

on/put them on

宾语的位置和词性取决于施加动作的动词

介词出现, 一定要有宾语, 所以

v.+prep.+宾语(n.)

副词可省略.v.+宾语(n./pron.)+adv.

或 v.+adv.+宾语(n.)

at,after prep; off adv.

vt.+宾语(及物)

vi.+prep.+宾语(不及物)

take vt./look vi.

I always take money with me.我身上总带些钱

Exercise

put the book on the desk--> put vt.

-->out adv.

He is looking for for

prep.

1 He gave away all his books.

2 She woke up the children early

this morning.

3 He is looking for his umbrella.

4 They cut off the king's head.

5 Put on your hat and coat.

6 Give it back to your brother.

7 Help me to lift up this table.

8 Take off your shoes and put on

your slippers.

9 He is looking at the picture.

10 Send her away or she will

cause trouble.

11 They have pulled down the old

building.

12 Make up your mind.

13 He asked for permission to

leave.

She threw away all those old

newspapers.

-->give(vt.)-->away

up...-->wake

sb.(vt.);up(adv.)-->up...

wake me up.叫醒我; 代词做宾语, 放在动词与副词之间

-->look(vi.)

-->cut(vt.);cut

oneself;cut hair

on...-->

-->it(pron.)

up...-->up(adv.)可省略;

lift(up)sth;lift

;--->take

(vt.)put(vt.)

at...--->look(vi.)

---her(pron.)

-->pull(vt.);down(adv.)

pull one's leg 开玩笑

You are pulling my leg.你开我玩笑

up...--->make(vt.)up

one's mind习惯用法不换,语法上可换

-->ask(sb.)for sth. 其实是省略sb.故不可换

-->throw(vt.)...

宾语的位置和词性取决于施加动作的动词

vt.+adv.+宾语(n.)

vt.+宾语(n./pron.)+adv.

vi+prep.+宾语(n.)

look at her;at (prep)

put him off;off(adv)

词组当中的练习, 短语be interested in

不能用at on等代替

如果不能接收, 就记住－－放弃

如果已经说过, 还没有明白, 就要执著弄懂

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

5 Someone had told the police that

thieves would try to steal the

diamonds. This happened ______

the plane arrived.

soon

as

done.——两个动作先后发生(一个动作结束, 另一个动作才发生)用过去完成时

before:在……之前 as soon as:一……就

8 The detectives were ______ a

valuable parcel of diamonds.

ing g ing

for ing to

, wait

I expect so. I expect your letter.

expect somebody to do

wait for

expect somebody

时发生可能性很小, 应具体分析, 故用进行时态表将来)

was sitting

heard : hear是不用进行时态的

set

摆桌子 was

badly(worse worst) many

much(more most) little(less least)

far (farther further , farthest

furthest) old(older elder,oldest

eldest)

farther:距离上的远和更远 further:程度 further more(更有甚者)

older:比...大 elder : 做定语修饰其他名词 elder sister (年长的)姐to d...was speaking

expecting

9 The parcel was valuable. It was

______ .

us

le......precious value:名词

worth后面一定要加动词

something

The book is worth reading.(动名词)

The book is worth three dollars.

Worthy be worthy of(固定搭配)

This book is worthy of being read

[to be read].

这本书值得一读.

acts worthy of punishment

应该受处分的行为

something is

worthless(后面不加任何东西)

10 The thieves wanted to ______

the diamonds.

from to

10.加something做宾语的一定是steal

【Key structures】 关键句型

Exercises D

1 As my father ______ (leave) the

house, the postman ______ (arrive).

2 Tom ______ (work) in the

garden while I ______ (sit) in the

sun.

3 As I ______ (walk) down the

street, I ______ (meet) Charlie.

4 While he ______ (read) the

letter, he ______ (hear) a knock at

the door.

5 While mother ______ (prepare)

lunch, Janet ______ (set) the table.

6 She ______ (drop) the tray

when I ______ (speak) to her.

:正当 将要走 be doing

was leaving ...arrived(两个瞬间动词同

§ Lesson 8 The best and the

worst 最好的和最差的

【New words and expressions】 生

词和短语

★competition n. 比赛, 竞赛

race : car race

match : football match

contest : baby contest 更广泛

beauty contest 选美

暗地里的竞争－competition

game : 游戏, 运动

★neat adj. 整齐的, 整洁的

neat=tidy adj / v tidy (up) the room

整理房间

★path n. 小路, 小径 亦作pathway

★wooden adj. 木头的

★pool n. 水池(人工的)

swimming pool 游泳池

pond 天然的 《golden pond》-金色池塘

good bad 比较级－than

最高级－of all

He is the tallest of all. He is the

tallest in the room.

the+ -est

more interesting the most

interesting

1、三个或者是三个音节以上——多音节

比较级的构成 : more+原级 最高级的构成 : the most+原级

2、单音节的词用er

3、双音节 以y结尾的双音节词去y后+ier(大多数情况)

clever cleverer more clever

slowly more slowly

often more often

fun:快乐 more fun 美国人用

无规律 : good well(better best) bad

姐

She is older than somebody

【课文讲解】

Joe Bill the writer

the most beautiful the largest

the worst

Joe's garden is the most beautiful.

Bill's garden is the largest.

The writer's is the worst.

比较的东西都是同类的事物 joe‟s 的

“‟s” 不能省略

Bill‟s garden is larger than Joe‟s.

enter for:报名参加, 强调报名 take

jpart in 真正的参加

enter for the exam

win:赢 won--won I win. I

lose(输了)

win something I win the book.

I win the gold cup

win后面往往是奖品

win a prize:赢得了一个奖

win a prize for:因为...而获奖

win不能接对手

defeat+对手 I defeat you.

【Key structures】 关键句型

最高级的标志 : of in

in+地点 of+范围

Exercises D (用of或in填空)

1 Which is the longest river

______ the world?

2 This is the finest picture ______

them all.

3 This stereo is the most

expensive ______ all the ones in

the shop.

4 He is the best boxer ______ our

town.

【Special Difficulties】 难点

Everyone knows him

Exercises A

1 Everybody (believe) (believes)

he will win.

2 I heard a noise and went

downstairs. I found that everything

(were) (was) in order.

3 Everyone (try) (tries) to earn

more and work less.

es

Exercises B(必要时填上for)

1 He is very ill. No one is allowed

to enter ______ his room.

2 Will you enter ______ this

week's crossword competition?

3 Many athletes have entered

______ the Olympic Games this

year.

4 No one saw the thief when he

entered ______ the building.

5 I have entered ______ the

examination but I don't want to

take it.

enter/enter for

1...enter his room

enter 直接使用表示进入; enter for :

表示报名

2....enter for this

crossward 文字游戏

3...enterd for the

athletes : sportsman 运动员, 体育家

4....he building.

5....entered for

enter+地点名词

enter for+表示比赛、竞赛、考试的名词

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

3 Bill Frith's garden is larger than

Joe's. It is ______ .

garden b.a large garden

garden t garden

3. ...

It 指代前一句的主语, Bill Frith's

garden

两者比较, 不可能出现最高级

garden 可数名词

garden 单数 : a garden

garden 复数 : gardens (不可能有第三种情况)

It is a larger garden.

可数名词 + a/an 或者 -s

6 The writer is fond of gardens.

______ .

like him like to him

likes them likes

6......C

be fond of: like

I like sth.

I love sth.

I enjoy sth.

I am fond of sth.

8 Joe wins every time. He always

______ Bill Frith.

8.....B

对手关系不能用win

defeat v.击败

beat v.打败; 打

gain:get sth.

earn:挣得 : earn money

9 Joe grows more flowers. More

flowers ______ in his garden.

tall up

big

grow vt.:grow sth;种植

grow vi.:;flowers are

growing;...生长

in the garden 地点状语

grow tall/grow big 变得...;一般不加形容词

grow up: up adv.表示向上; 只和人连用, 表示人的长大

10 Joe's garden is interesting. Joe

is ______ in gardening.

sting st

stingly sted

10...D

interesting……是令人感兴趣的

be (对自己感兴趣)对---感兴趣

11 The writer doesn't like hard

work. It's ______ to look after a

garden.

a.a hard work b.a hard job

job a job

it 作形式主语; 真正的主语是to look

after the garden

hard work 繁重的工作

work不可数名词/job可数名词

a hard work 错

a hard job

hard job 错

hardly a job : hardly adv.几乎不

Have you understood me?

Sorry,I have hardly understood you.

12 Every year the writer enters for

the garden competition ______ .

12....B

very 不单独使用

and 并列连词, 不放在句子末尾

either也, 表否定

also 表示也, 可以放在句子末尾

often 可以放在句子末尾

§ Lesson 9 A cold welcome 冷遇

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★welcome n. 欢迎; v. 欢迎

a cold welcome 冷遇

welcome to+地点

welcome to China

welcome to my home/welcome

home/welcome back

You are welcome./welcome adj.

You are welcome to+地点

★crowd n. 人群

person

people

crowd :in the crowd 在人群中

I spotted him in the crowd 我在人群中一眼就认出了他

a crowd of people 没有次序的人群, 拥挤的人群

a group of people 有次序的人群

crowd v.拥挤, 挤满

a large crowd of people 一大群人/crowds of people 许多人, 人山人海

★gather v. 聚集

people gathered 人们聚集在一起, 尤指自发性的聚集

★hand n. (表或机器的)指针

hand n.手

minute hand/second hand/hour

hand

second hand 二手的, 旧的

wait me a moment/wait me a few

seconds(for a few secs.)

secs.:seconds的缩写

★shout v. 喊叫

call out 大声喊叫

cry out 大声哭喊

scream 尖叫

★refuse v. 拒绝

★laugh v. 笑

【课文讲解】

A cold welcome 冷遇

cold 冷的, 寒冷的, 冷淡的

cold fish 冷漠的人

lucky dog 幸运的人

My brother is a cold fish.

What does "a cold welcome" refer

to ?

refer to : 指……

On Wednesday evening

in the evening

wednesday修饰evening

Town Hall 市政厅

the last day of the year 一年中的最后一天

a large crowd of the people一大群人

had gathered 强调事件的时间是过去的过去

It指clock

strike v. : strike the clock敲钟/clock

strike钟自己响

knock at the door

Listen,the clock is striking.

strike twelve 数字表示敲击的次数

in twenty minutes' time : 20分钟之后

in 表示在段时间以后

根据时态判别in 表示的含义

would strike过去将来时, 从过去看未来

We will finish class in half an hour.

minutes'名词所有格

It will inutes'time

in twenty(minutes'time)名词所有格可省略

my mother's ,Kit's,Tom's

名词所有格可以用来表达时间

an hour's time

名词以-s结尾或者本身是以-s结尾的复数名词, 所有格加 ‟

名词所有格表示时间或距离

How far is the school from here?

3 minutes' walk.

pass 过了

to 没到

...前半小时

25 minutes passed eight

...minutes to ...后半小时

a quarter to nine/15 minutes to

nine

时刻指点时间, 时间指段时间

时刻前的介词用at

at five to twelve作时间状语

一般过去时the clock stopped

顺序句式...,the clock stopped at five

to twelve.

An hour passed and then,he arrived.

...minutes later几分钟以后

some time passed and then,sth

happened.

big minute hand 大分针

waited and waited 等啊等啊, 强调动作的重复

walked and walked ,run and run

but 然而, 表转折

nothing happened

happen vi.事情做主语, 事情发生

what happened?

someone shouted 有人大声喊

It's two minutes past twelve!

I go to school at seven o'clock.时间状语

It's nine o'clock;现在9点了(不强调在那一刻)

The clock has stopped!现在完成时,

强调过去动作导致的结果.

I have had my breakfast.我已经吃过早餐了

I read

I looked at my watch.

It 这是一个事实

It was true that+从句

refuse to do sth.拒绝去做某事

I refuse to leave.我拒绝离开

I refuse to move.我拒绝移动

at that moment :just then就在那时

at the moment: now 现在, 此刻, 在此时

过去时 began to laugh and sing.

〖本课重点〗

1...minutes passed and

then,ed.

happened? Nothing

happened.

was ture.

【Key structures】 关键句型

When did you arrived?

I arrived at ten o'clock.

at/in/on/others

?

in the morning;in the afternoon;in

the evening

on Friday;on 15th; on Wednesday

evening;on fine afternoon 有修饰词用on

in a week;in January;in Feb.

in summer;in spring; in autumn;in

winter

in 1992;in 1999

at night;at noon;at five to twelve;at

ten o'clock

until 直到……时候(prep coin)

I can't enter for the sports meeting

until tomorrow.

Everyday we have English class

from 8:30 to 11:30

关于时间表示方法 : What‟s the

time?/What time is it?

整点 : A o‟clock

A点B分 : ① A B ② B past A

A点15分 : ① A fifteen ② fifteen

past A ③ a quarter past A

A点30分 : ① A thirty ② half past

A

A点B分 : (B>30) ① A B ② (60-B)

to (A+1)

A点45分 : ① A forty-five ② a

quarter to (A+1)③ fifteen to (A+1)

during 在……期间

in the holiday:强调这段时间其中某一点时间, 并不表示自始至终

during the holiday 强调假期的从头到尾

He enjoyed himself during his

holiday.

I was caught in an accident in the

holiday

Exercises B

1 He has gone abroad. He will

return ______ two years' time.

2 ______ Saturdays I always go to

the market.

3 I never go to the cinema ______

the week.

4 He ran a hundred metres

______ thirteen seconds.

5 I can't see him ______ the

moment . I'm busy.

6 My birthday is ______

November 7th I was born ______

1974.

7 The days are very short ______

December.

8 We arrived at the village late

______ night. We left early

______ the morning.

9 I shall not hear from him

______ tomorrow.

; ; 没有强调自始自终

(at the moment=now)

;in ; ;in

【Special Difficulties】 难点

any

any 用于否定句和疑问句中, some用于肯定句(或要求得到肯定回答的疑问句)

Do you have any friends?

I don't have any friends.

not 用在非实义动词后面, 实义动词前面.

not any=no adj.用在名词前面

I have no friends.

Exercise B

He hasn't any hobbies. ---->He has

no hobbies.

He does not go anywhere.--->He

goes nowhere

He does not see anybody.--->He

sees nobody.

He is not interested in anything--except food!---->He is interested in

nothing --execpt food

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

4 The people ______ under the

Town Hall clock.

4.A

people:人们, 做主语是一定是复数

police, cattle是复数

8 How many times did the clock

______ ?

8.D

敲门用knock

敲钟用strike

hit轻和strike重(hit hard)在一定的时候可以互换, 一般表示打一下

beat 连续不断的打 beat drums敲鼓

12 It refused to welcome the New

Year. It ______ .

it to 't

want to to

deny:否认, 拒绝去承认, 后面一般加名词

refuse:拒绝

§ Lesson 10 Not for jazz 不适于演奏爵士乐

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★jazz n. 爵士音乐

a kind of music

★musical adj. 音乐的

music student : the student who

learned music

musical student :有音乐天赋的(当与人连用时)

★instrument n. 乐器

instrument=musical instrument

★clavichord n. 古钢琴, 不是现代的piano

a kind of instrument

★recently adv. 最近

recently=lately

★damage v. 损坏

★key n. 琴键

key to the door

Do you know the key(答案)to the

question?

key(关键)structure

★string n. (乐器的)弦

★shock v. 使不悦或生气, 震惊

跟人的情绪有关的动词的宾语往往是

“人” (以sth为主语)

The news shocks me 这个消息使我震惊

凡是能够用 “人” 做宾语, 又是表示人的情绪活动的动词, 有两个形容词形成 :

1.令人……; + -ing 2.感到…… + -ed

It shocked me.

It is shocking.

I'm shocked.

get a shock n.

a shock

surprise 好事坏事都可以, 只要你没有料到 I want to give you surprise.

shock 必指坏事, 令人不悦, 生气的

★allow v. 允许, 让

1、allow doing

Smoking is allowed.＝people allow

smokeing

2、allow sb. to do sth

allowed to do sth.

You are allow to smoke(被动语态)

Allow常用于被动语态, 习惯上用被动

You are not allow to enter the room

if you don't take the card with you

★touch v. 触摸, 碰

【课文讲解】

be done (被动语态)

call .称某人为什么

called

be made

1、be made in +地点

2、be made of/be made from(看不出原料/多种原料):由……制造(材料)

The ring is made of gold.

It is made from plastic.

3、be made into:被……制成

The gold is made into a ring.

is done:被动语态的一般现在时

was done:被动语态的一般过去时

使用那一个不取决于动词, 而取决于该句话的时态

只要见到ago,一定使用过去时

主动语态的主语变到被动语态中要在前面加by

play: 1.跟球类连用, 直接+球类; 2.跟乐器连用, +the+乐器, 演奏乐器而非音乐

play music on + 乐器 , 一定要用

“on”

hard: 修饰动作程度的重和深

汉语中习惯用主动形式, 英语中习惯用被动形式

be+动词的ing形式 : 进行时态

be+done: 被动语态

be being done : 被动语态的现在进行时

be动词有多少种时态, 被动语态就有多少种

have been done

will be done

can be done

had been done

is/am/are/was/were/ done

I will make a cake./Tomorrow the

cake will be made.

The cake has been made.

The cake was made.

The cake had been made.

强调对象是人用主动, 强调对象是物用被动, 被强调的部分永远做主语

双重所有格/双重属格 : 名词+of+名词所有格(名词性的物主代词)

只有一张照片 my photo

很多照片中的一张 a photo of mine

It happened to a friend of mine.

【Special Difficulties】 难点

Exercise A

1 Is your watch made ______ gold?

2 These knives were made ______

Sheffield.

3 This cake was made ______

sugar, flour, butter and eggs.

of

Exercise B(改写以下斜体部分)

1 He borrowed one of my records.

2 She showed me one of John's

pictures.

3 It was one of her ideas.

4 One of your letters was found on

my desk.

5 Some of their friends came to

see me.

borrowed a record of mine.

showed me a picture of

John's

was an idea of hers.

4.A letter of yours was found on my

desk.

friends of theirs came to

see me.

双重属格结构 :

"a friend of my father"

"my father's friend(s)" ……只有一个(很多)朋友

"a friend of my father's" √

强调很多当中的一个或几个的时候, 选用双重属格结构

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

7 We are not allowed to touch it.

We ______ touch it.

't 't to 't to

't have to

7....A

"we are not allowed to touch it."不被允许

肯定结构中must和have to是一个概念

否定结构中must和have to就不一样了

mustn't:不准, 不可以

have to的否定 : 不必(have实意动词)……don't have to

You don't have to go to school.

You mustn't go to school.

9 It's kept in the living room.

That's where we ______ it.

9....A

keep(kept,kept):保持; 保存

keep sth.+地点 : 在某地放...(状态)

put:放(动作)

That's where

That's后面+以特殊疑问词引导的从句

That's why:那就是...的原因

That's where:那就是...地点

lift:举起

carry:扛着, 背着, 抱着

hold:拥有, 持有, 握着

have:拥有

10 The visitor damaged it. She

______ it.

yed

10....C

"damaged"……可以修复

destroy……无法修复

pain……有身体的疼痛

hurt……hurt oneself/身体的某个部位/feelings: 受伤,伤害

身体的某个部位+hurt: ...疼痛

My hand hurts.

My leg hurts.

Hurt my leg.

broke——打破, 打断, 打碎

I broke my leg.

§ Lesson 11 One good turn

deserves another 礼尚往来

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★turn n. 行为, 举止

behavior : 行为, 举止

pay attention to your behavior

turn : 对人有影响力的行为

★deserve v. 应得到, 值得

He deserves praise.他应该得到表扬

Yor deserve the best.你应该得到最好的

1、deserve + n.

promotion : 提升

He deserved a promotion.

2、deserve to do: 应该...

She deserved to be punished.

Good work deserves good pay.

★lawyer n. 律师

lawyer's office : 律师事务所

★bank n. 银行

rob the bank : 抢银行

★salary n. 工资

pay : 工资(salary+wage) 通用

salary:工资(月薪, 年薪)……有固定工作或管理阶层

wage:工资(按小时, 周计算的)……不稳定的工作

bonus : 奖金, 分红

collet:搜集, 领取 collect

salary/wage : 领工资

★immediately adv. 立刻

at once : 立刻, 马上

right now : 现在

right away : ＝at once,immediately

立刻, 马上

【课文讲解】

One good turn deserves another 礼尚往来, 善有善报

One bad turn deserves another 恶有恶报

restaurant[]:注意读音

work for……强调工作

work in……强调in后面的地点

some/several years ago

名词-s,前面省略了some

working at a bank 比较稳定

He gets a good salary.薪水不错

The teachers in the new oriental

school can get good salary.

borrow from : 从...借

never=not 前面不需要加助动词

pay back : 还钱

and连接三个并列的动词

at the same table : 坐在同一张桌子旁边

at table : 吃饭

at the table:坐在桌子旁边

Would you like to join us?

has never borrowed 潜台词perhaps,this time he would borrow

from me

ask do请求某人做...

to my surprise:真让我惊讶

pay for : 为...而付钱

ask for:问...要

I have paid for you a dinner.

I have paid 20 dollars for the

book.(强调)

It's my treat.我请客

Let's go 制

This time is your treat. next time

is my turn.

【Key structures】 关键句型

Exercises A

is happening now……进行时态

always happens……一般时态

happened……过去时态

has happened……现在完成时态

was happening……过去进行时态

a. He is now working at a bank.(现阶段)

We are learning English.

b.(现在、过去、将来)习惯、反复

He always lent his CD to the

others.(过去)

I will visit you.(将来)

I visit you(无论现在, 过去, 还是将来)

c.在过去的时间里, 发生的事情, 不强调对现在的影响和跟其它时间的比较, 叫一般过去式.

过去的过去……过去完成时

有过去发生的动作, 但是还强调对现在的影响……现在完成时

有(yesterday,last night)以前的事情,

没有强调对现在的影响……一般过去时

d.过去的行为对现在产生的影响或者过去的行为一直延续到现在……现在完成时

e.过去某一特定时间发生的动作……过去进行时

Exercises C

1 He usually ______ (get) up at 7

o'clock, but this morning he ______

(get) up at 6 o'clock.

2 So far, we not ______ (have) a

reply.

3 While he ______ (write) on the

blackboard, the children ______

(talk).

4 I can't come now. At the

moment I ______ (type) a letter.

5 As the royal visitors ______

(pass), the people cheered.

D Supply the correct form of the

verbs in parentheses.

...got

not had (have-have had)

so far:up to now 到目前为止 现在完成时

writing were talking

4.I'm typing at the moment……标志着现在进行时; now

passing

Exercises D

The Taj Mahal ______ (build) in the

seventeenth century for the

emperor Shah Jehan. A few years

after he ______ (become) ruler,

his wife, Mumtaz-i-Mahal, ______

(die). The Taj Mahal ______ (build)

in her honour. Experts ______ (call)

in from many parts of the world to

construct the domes and to

decorate the walls. The Taj Mahal

which ______ (begin) in 1632 and

______ (complete) in 1654

______ (cost) a fortune. Up to the

present day, it ______ (visit) by

millions of people.

...动词的正确语态填空, 时态

先确定主被动, 然后确定时态

in the seventeenth century……一般过去时的标志

The Taj Mahal……泰姬陵

was built;

became;

died;

was built

in one's honour: 为了纪念某人

were called (call in:召集)

was begun;

was completed;

cost;

has been visited; (up to the

present day=up to now)

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

4 Tony is working at a bank

______ .

the moment b.a year ago

last year a year

4.a

at the moment:现在进行时

since:自从 点时间

for:一段 (+段时间)

for three hours; since yesterday;

for a day; for three days

since three days ago

8 He gets a good salary. His salary

is very ______ .

ful

8.a

good salary well:表示好的时候一般用作副词

He is well.(一般指身体好)

fine……天气好, 质量好

beautiful 美丽 漂亮的

10 Tony must pay the money back.

He must ______ .

it again it it

it once more

10.c

pay back:还钱

pay something:付钱 pay

again;再次付钱

pay it :付钱 once

more=again

repay it =pay back

11 There aren't enough chairs

here for us all. Please bring ______

one.

r d.a Exercises:

将来时态 early in the

different 1 He is a bank manager and he

……代词, 指代上文的名词

gets a good ______ .

The red one.

a different one

one……指代单数可数名词,可数名词单数前一定要加‟a/an‟如 : He is a boy

an other

【Special Difficulties】 难点

2 I ______ him some money and

he said he would give it back to me

when he got his

3 Yesterday he ______ my laptop.

I hope he returns it soon.

4 The postmen are on strike again.

They want higher ______ .

morning : 一大早

late in the afternoon 傍晚

meet somebody+地点 去某地接某人

I'll meet you at the station.

see somebody off 送行, 目送

in his small boat, Topsail : Topsail is

a famous little boat.

1、英文写作中尽量避免用同一个词

2、little……往往倾注了一定的感情

I asked him to lend me twenty

pounds.

ask somebody to do something.

want to do something want

somebody to do

会用sb to do sth的动词 :

ask; want; tell; order; expect; wish;

allow; advise; like; teach;

一定不能说 hope somebody to do 正确用法 : hope to do (希望自己)或hope that(希望别人)

Exercises A(将括弧内的词按正确的语序排好. )

1 The officer ordered (to fire, at

the enemy, the men).

2 He wants(his wife, this dress, to

wear).

3 She wants(us, it, to explain).

4 I cannot allow (the room, him,

to enter).

B Write similar sentences using

the following.

somebody to do

...the man to fire at the enemy

.........

Exercises B(模仿以上例句完成以下句子)1 He asked ______

2 We prefer ______

3 He taught ______

4 My mother wished ______

5 Do you want ______ ?

ask somebody to do

something

He asked his wife to let him in.

: 宁可

I prefer him to die.

..........

wages from

lend to

5 Workmen's ______ have gone

up a lot in the last year.

;

slary/wages

ed (laptop:手提电脑)

.

.

难点 :

...somebody to do something

§ Lesson 12 Goodbye and good

luck 再见, 一路顺风

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★luck n. 运气, 幸运

good luck

bless you 保重

break your leg=good luck

lucky dog 幸运儿

lucky day 幸运日 : It‟s my lucky day.今天我真幸运

unlucky

luckily adv.

★captain n. 船长

★sail v. 航行

★harbour n. 港口

port air port

★proud adj. 自豪

be proud of : 以...为自豪

Parents are proud of their children.

pride n. take pride in 以... 为自豪

★important adj. 重要的

importance n.

【课文讲解】

Portsmouth 朴次茅斯(英国港市)

small……没有感情

famous : 好的评价

sailed across : 横渡 the

Atlantic : 大西洋

over……过桥

once twice

表示次数的时候, for 一定不能加

I do something twice.

set out : 出发 set off begin

something

plenty: enough 而a lot of : 指客观上的多

plenty of : I have plenty of money.相对多的概念

see--visit Can I see it?

say goodbye to somebody; say

hello to; say sorry to

I said hello to him this morning.

You must say sorry to somebody.

be away He has been there.

leave……短暂性动词不能和段时间连用

He will leave. 不用段时间

be+形容词(介词短语)――系表结构表状态来代替

arrive …… be

here/there

leave …… be

away

die …… be

dead

join(也是瞬间动词) …… be a

soldier/in the army

不是说瞬间动词不能用完成时态, 而是指不能与段时间连用, 一旦要用段时间就要将其变为 “系表结构” 即 “be + 形容词或介词短语构成” .

He has been away for two hours.

He left two hours ago.点时间

take part in; enter for

I have entered for the meeting,but

now I don't want to take part in the

meeting.

横渡大西洋的比赛 across the

Atlantic 介词短语做定语放在被修饰词的后面

on the desk The book is on the

desk.

at the door. the person at the door.

总结

和水面有关, 横渡……across

meet somebody+地点 see

somebody off

be away

【Special Difficulties】 难点

一般将来时

be+副词 be in ; Is Tom in?

Tom isn‟t in 在家

be out 出去 be away : 离开

be on : 上映 The film is on.

be back 会来 be up to

something:胜任某件事情, 能够做某件事

be over 结束 Game is over.

set set out set off set up

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

2 Topsail ______ .

win the race across the

Atlantic won the race across

the Atlantic

be in the race across the

Atlantic in the race across the

Atlantic

l...C

将要完成

已经完成

be in the race : take part in the

race 参加比赛

at the race 在比赛场地观看比赛

拜访某地 call at

在某个小地点 at the airport

3 Our neighbour, ______ name is

Charles Alison, will sail tomorrow.

his

whom

3....A

be in the race : take part in the

race

§ Lesson 13 The Greenwood

Boys 绿林少年

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★group n. 小组, 团体

group : 指合唱团 如 : Back Street 后街男孩

band n.乐队 如 : 零点乐队, 只有一个主唱

★pop singer 流行歌手

pop :popular adj.受欢迎的

pop song(music)流行音乐

pop star : 歌星

★club n. 俱乐部

night club 夜总会

★performance n. 演出

-mance 名词标志

perform v 演出

★occasion n. 场合

中文 : 在某种场合, 某种条件下, 某种环境中

英文 : occasion = time : 时候

this occasion; on the(this)occasion.

occasionally adv.＝sometimes 有时候, 偶尔

on the occasion; occasionally

【课文讲解】

全文几乎都是将来时态

汉译英要学会缩句 : 找谓语动词

...are a gruop of six girls.

at present 目前

up to now/so far 到目前为止

nowadays adv.目前

be doing 正在做某事

visit v.拜访、参观; (歌手)巡演

all parts of the country 全国各地

all parts of the world 全世界各地; 介词用in

in all parts of the world 在全世界各地

visit+地点, 表示去某地

They stay in all parts of the world.

某某人到中国访问 visit china

带有职业相关目的 visit some place

The headmasters of the New

Oriental school visited Lanzhou.这里指演讲

将要到达这里 be arriving here

will be doing 将来进行时态; 理解为一般将来时的另一种形式;

将来进行时态的意思往往等于一般将来时态.

We will be acting.我们将要行动了

...will be coming

,..will be

and conj.连接

the young people in the town 镇上的年轻人(介词短语作定语)

most of the young people in the

town 镇上的大部分年轻人

大多数的

most of the books; most of the time

most of + (一定要加„the‟)

most of the young people

most young people

most students/most of the students.

tomorrow evening 明天晚上

...will 将演出, 避免重复,

使用sing

at the Workers'Club 在工人俱乐部

yesterday evening 昨天晚上

this evening 今天晚上

night:last night 昨天夜间; tonight 今天夜间;

tomorrow night 明天夜间; next

night 第二天晚上

逗留五天...will be staying here for

five days

演出五场...give five performances

as usual 象往常一样

The police will have a have a good time 玩得开心; have

a hard time 生活得艰辛

have a difficult time.日子不象平时那样惬意

try to do 设法做某事, 尽力做某事

keep order 维持次序

...on these occasion(s)每逢这种场合

the same 表示情况相同

你为什么迟到?

Why are you late?

What took you so long?

注意同一意思的多种表达方式

【Key structures】 关键句型

将来进行时

用一般将来时和将来进行时所表达的含义是一致的.

一般将来时 : shall/will + 动词原形

１.表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态.

２.将来时的其他结构;

基本结构 : shall/will + 动词原形

Ⅰ : be going to do something 打算做某事; be gonna[美语]

He'll lose.

与打算无关含义的句子, will与be going

to do 不能互换

be going to 与will对比; 下列情况须用will

I'll be sixteen years old next year.

Ⅱ : be + to do sth.表示计划安排在某事或用来征求意见

Eg: I am to have a holiday.

Ⅲ : be about to do sth.即将做某事.

Ⅳ : will be doing 表示将要做某事

Ⅴ : be doing(瞬间动词)表示将来时态

go,come

arrive,leave,die,land,join

Ⅵ : be 一般现在时表示将要发生

Eg: if it rains,...

【Special Difficulties】 难点

名词所以格 :

(a)在单数名词及不以 -s 结尾的人名后加 's;

(b)在规则的复数名词的 -s 后面加所有格符号 ';

(c)在以 -s 结尾的单数名词后加 -'s;

(d)在以 -s 结尾的人名后面即可以用 's

也可以用所有格符号 ';

in twenty minutes' time

3 minutes' walk(drive) 走路或开车三分钟的路程

how much ? (碎肉)

I want ten pounds' worth of minced

meat.

Exercise 8. how much damage was

there?

哪儿有多大的损失?

was a hundred

pounds'worth of damage.

〖语法精粹〗P17 4

4.I want ( ).

A.a dollar worth candy

a dollar's worth

C.a dollar's worth of candy

D.a dollar worth's candy

Answer : C is right.

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

5 During this time, they will give

five performances. That's what

they'll do ______ this time.

5....in...

during this time: 在这段期间

during和in之间有区别, 但是它们之间却是近义词

during this time=in this time

this time: 这一次

6 The police will have a difficult

time ______ .

usuall usual usua

usual

6.....

as usual:像往常一样

7 The police ______ expecting the

singers to arrive soon.

7.....b....

the people,the police,the cattle,复数

8 They are pop singers. So

______ .

are folk singers are

public singers

ne likes them one

likes them

8...c...

pop=popular:受欢迎的, everyone

likes; folk:民间的, 民族; public:公众的

12 It's always the same on these

occasions. It's always the same at

______ like this.

ion ions

12....d...

on these occasions:在一个时候

situation: 情况, in the situation

condition: 状态, 条件, in the

condition

11 The Greenwood Boys will give

five performances. They will give

five ______ .

l ions

11....

recital:朗诵, 演出(对外公开)

execution: 演出(倾向技巧)

play: 戏剧

songs: 歌子

【语法精粹】一般将来时 P11

1."The meeting is scheduled to

begin at 7 o'clock"

"But__ｃ___a delay."

will be 'd be

will be is

schedule:按计划, delay:延迟, 拖延和耽误

将来时态: 在A 和 C 中

it be:它是,be动词的后面一旦加名词,

往往认为主语和名词之间是等号关系

there be:哪儿有(某地有某物), 有某事发生

There will be a meeting.那儿将开会

There was a fire.发生大火

'll leave for Paris before you__ｃ___next week.

come back be back

back back

before,状语从句的标志

在状语从句中不可能出现将来时, 都被一般现在时态取代

next meeting__ｃ___on 1st

December

been held hold

to be held holding

be to,将来的标志, 是将来还是被动

__c___a will,there is a way.

will have been

there

is has

been.

是个谚语, 直接记忆, “有志者事竞成” ,

“哪儿有愿望, 哪儿就有路”

where 引导的是地点主语从句

__b___be Wednesday tomorrow.

going to

about to to

一般的情况可以互换, 遇上没有办法打算和计划安排的, 只能用will be

be about to:计划打算; be to:计划打算;

be going to :计划打算

will,单纯的表将来

§ Lesson 14 Do you speak

English? 你会讲英语吗?

要求整篇文章背诵

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★amusing adj. 好笑的, 有趣的

amused:感到好笑的

amuse v.

动词后面会加人做宾语

The story amused me.

The story is amusing.

I am amused.

interesting:有意思

The book is interesting.

The book is amusing.

funny:好笑的, 可以指贬义, 开心的, 令人开心的

interesting/funny story

★experience n. 经历

经验 : 不可数名词:He has a lot of

experience.

经历 : 可数名词:He has a lot of

experiences.

+s(a/an),经历; 原形, 经验

experienced:有经验的

He is an experienced doctor.

★wave v. 招手

wave to sb;向某人招手

★lift n. 搭便车

be动词+形容词/介词

be动词后面不能是名词, 一旦是名词, 就认为主语和后面的名词是等号关系

I am a teacher.(对)

I was a lift.(错)

take a bus/taxi/lift

take a lift:搭便车

I take a lift.

The student gave me a lift.

give sb a lift:让某人搭便车

B wants to take a lift.

A will give B a lift.

thumb lift :拇指便车(向过路车辆竖起拇指表示要求免费搭车)

I want to take a lift.

★reply v. 回答

answer

作为不及物动词是一样的 : He

answered/replied.

作为及物动词就不一样了 : answer

sth/reply to sth.

answer the letter : 回信

I will reply to the letter.回信

★language n. 语言

native language : 母语

mother tongue : 母语(口语)

The native language is Chinese.

My mother tongue is Chinese.

★journey n. 旅行

begin a trip : 开始一个旅行

begin a journey

trip,travel,tour

trip : 短距离旅行或出差(时间或距离上较短)

go on business/go on a trip

travel : 周游(长途)

tour,为了玩

tourist : 游客

journey : 所有的旅行

go on a journey, 3 days' journey(三天路程)

2 hours' journey

voyage : 旅行(海上)

flight : 空中飞行

journey : 偏重于陆地旅行

trip;travel;tour;journey;voyage;flight

【Text】

Lesson 14 Do you speak English?

你会讲英语吗?

First listen and then answer the

question.听录音, 然后回答以下问题.

Did the young man speak English?

I had an amusing experience last

year. After I had left a small village

in the south of France, I drove on to

the next town. On the way, a young

man waved to me. I stopped and he

asked me for a lift. As soon as he

had got into the car, I said good

morning to him in French and he

replied in the same language. Apart

from a few words, I do not know

any French at all. Neither of us

spoke during the journey. I had

nearly reached the town, when the

young man suddenly said, very

slowly, "Do you speak English?' As I

soon learnt, he was English

himself!'

参考译文

去年我有过一次有趣的经历. 在离开法国南部的一个小村庄后, 我继续驶往下一个城镇. 途中, 一个青年人向我招手.

我把车停下, 他向我提出要求搭车. 他一上车, 我就用法语向他问早上好, 他也同样用法语回答我. 除了个别几个单词外,

我根本不会法语. 旅途中我们谁也没讲话.

就要到达那个镇时, 那青年突然开了口,

慢慢地说道 : “你会讲英语吗?”

我很快了解到, 他自己就是个英国人!

【课文讲解】

搭便车 : take a lift

给某人搭便车 : give sb a lift

路程, 旅行 : journey

经历 : experience.

一般有意思, interesting、funny,

amusing倾向于让某人笑出声

I had an amusing experience last

year.

Last year []

读音 : ① 读 “雀” (英音)② „s‟后的‟t‟读‟d‟后与‟j‟拼 (美音)

after,从句的标志, 后面叫时间主语从句

when,while,as : 当什么时候,

until,before,after

简单句当中一个谓语, 有从句有主句, 从句一个谓语动词, 主句一个谓语动词

after : 在什么什么之后, 主句的动作发生在从句之后, 从句的动作发生在主句的前面, 从句的动作发生在前, 主句的动作发生在后

如果两个都是过去时, 同时发生, 会用进行时态; 如果一先一后, 发生在前的动作为过去完成时(had done)

after后面的从句一个变成过去时, 一个变成过去完成时, 一定是从句用过去完成时.

before : 在什么什么之前, 主句发生在从句之前, 主句用过去完成时.

地点做介词短语修饰前面的名词

in the south of

表达方位的表达方式一共有3个介词,

in,on,to

没有相接的, 是相离的, to

接壤, on

在什么里面, in

drive to : 开车去某地, drive on (on:继续), on加在动词的后面表示继续

My heart will go on 《我心永恒》

on the way : 在路上, 在途中

wave to sb : 冲某人挥手

I stopped=I stopped the car.

ask sb for sth : 请求某人要求得到什么东西

as soon as : 一...就..., 后面一定要加一个句子(时间主语从句), “一” 后面的先发生

As soon as I had received the

letter,I ringed/called him back.

只要是状语从句, 一旦遇到将来时, 变为一般现在时

As soon as you arrive,you must call

me.你一到就就打我电话

As soon as 强调两个动作几乎是连在一起的

say goodbye,say sorry,say hello,say

good morning to him

用某种语言 : in+某种语言

I speak English. I say a word in

Chinese.

reply 要想加宾语要加 to (+要回答的内容)

in the smae language 在句中作状语,

不是replay所应回答的问题(宾语), 故用in

as soon as : 一...就...

As soon as I had entered the room,I

took off my coat at once.

apart from : 除了什么之外, except

except,except for,apart from

except is used at the

beginning of a sentence,it is

followed by for.

from习惯上喜欢放句首, apart

from=except=besides

如果认为整体之中做这件事情的人除了整体之外, 还有这个人也做了, 是加号=besides

如果认为整体之中做这件事情的人除了整体之外, 这个人没有做, 是减号=except

All the passengers are millionaire

except us. 减号

: 从整体之中减掉, besides ;

如果放在句首, 统一用apart from

for含有对整体中的某一个方面不满意

The article is very good except for

his handwriing.

except for 可以不放在句首, 强调整体当中某一方面除外, 剩下的整体都不错

Except for his height,he is very

excellent.

【Special Difficulties】 难点

I invited everyone except George.

Except for George I invited

everyone.

Except for/apart from

this,everything is in order.

Exercise

1 (Except)(Except for) a slight

headache, I feel all right now.

3 (Except)(Apart from) being a bit

too long, the play was very good.

for

from(Except for)

except for=apart from,喜欢放在句首

except和besides可放句子中间,

besides指在整体上加上, except要从整体减掉

not at all : 一点点都不,强调

I don't like it. I don't like it at all.

apart from=except(文中)

Apart from my sister,I like everyone.

Apart from a few words,I don‟t

know any French.

一正一反地翻译

neither of []:注意英音与美音的读音不同

during the journey : 在旅途当中, 自始自终

neither of sb,either of sb

either of sb : 什么当中的任何一个

neither of sb : 什么当中的任何一个都不

either,neither 都是指两个当中的任何一个

如果不只两个人, 就变成none of

none,neither一旦出现, 这句话就不会再有not

I don't like the book,My sister

doesn't like it either.

Neither of us likes it.(注意要用单数)

nearly : 将要

when: 要看当时的具体情况, 在这里译为 : 就在此时

I had nearly reached home when I

found my mother standing there.

Do you speak English?问的是一个事实

你说英语吗?你是说英语国家的人吗?

Do you swim? 你去游泳吗? Can

you swim?你会游泳吗?两者的概念是不一样的注意体会

As I learnt. learn:知道, 得知

我得知 : I learn; 我知道 : I know(我本来就知道)

As we know,the New Concept

English is very good.正如我们所知... ...

As+主语+动词+逗号+句子, As : 正如

As I think,it is the coldest day in the

year.

As my mother said/As I heard

As he said,English is easy to learn.

himself,反身代词单独放在句尾, 起强调作用

I read English myself.

总结

as soon as+从句, 表示时间, 一...就...

apart from=except for,放在句首, 除了什么之外

neither of:两者之间都不, 一旦出现, 这句话里面不会再出现not

三者或三者以上之间都不 : none of

As I learnt,正如......

As sb do sth,一定要加逗号, 再加另外一个句子

英语当中的第一句话往往起着概述的作用

有两种方式可以背诵 : 一种是硬背, 另一种是先理解, 然后按照事情的发展顺序背

【Key structures】 关键句型

过去完成时 : 过去的过去或两个动作都在过去, 一个动作在前, 一个在后, 发生在前的动作为过去完成时

过去完成时一定要以一个过去时态在铺垫,

这个动作一定要发生在had done之后

until : 直到什么时候为止, 直到什么时候才

until, 在后面一个从句之前发生了主句

until,主句和从句两个都用一般过去时对(最习惯的一种用法), 主句和从句任何一个用过去完成是也对

I had not understood the problem

until he explained it.

hadn't disturbed him until he

finished work.

We didn't disturb him until he had

finished work.

We didn't disturb him until he

finished work.(更习惯于这种用法)

after后面会加过去完成时, before后面会加一般过去时

Exercises D (用正确的时态填空)

1 The moment he had said this, he

______ (regret) it.

2 It ______ (begin) to rain before

she took a taxi.

3 When all the guests had left,

Derek ______ (arrive).

moment后面直接加从句, The

moment = as soon as

一般过去时, regretted

引导从句用一般过去时, 主句用过去完成时

had begun

d,过去完成是一定要和过去的过去有关

【Special Difficulties】 难点

and ask for

ask sth : 问什么什么东西, ask a

question/ask sb

ask for sth : 要求得到, ask for the

answer

of ,either of, neither

of ,both of

either of :两者当中的任何一个

neither of : 两者都不

which of :那一个, which of the two

both of : 两者都

Which of the two do you like?

I want both of them.I want either of

them.I want neither of them.

Exercise

2 I liked them very much so I

bought(neither of)(both of)them.

4 I(asked)(asked for)a question. I

did not(ask for)(ask)an answer.

He could not answer(neither

of)(either of)the questions I

(asked)(asked for).

of

,ask for

of,前面有not, 故只能选either of , asked

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

6 I speak a few words of French. I

don't know ______ French.

of d.a little

6....b...

French不可数, 不能用many

plenty of : 足够多的

not much: a little

not a little: much

7 Neither of us spoke. We ______ .

r spok spoke

didn't speak r didn't speak

7....c....

neither不会和not连用

either : 任何一个

both : 两个都 we both ; both of us

都对

neither of,不能说we neither,只能说neither of us

11 He replied in French. He

______ the writer in French.

de ed e

ed

11...b...

responded和replied用法一样

replied后面加宾语一定要加to,

answer直接加

9 The young man waved to the

writer. He ______ him.

d led to

9....c...

salute : 军礼, 军人的问候 : The

soldier saluted his officer.士兵的问候

greet:

10 He asked for a lift. He was a

______.

hiker ge

ner

10...b...

tramp : 流浪汉

hitch hiker : 搭便车的人

passenger : 乘客, (指要付车钱的那种)

12 The writer had ______ reached

the town when the young man

spoke.

mes

as

12. almost=nearly

just as 正当...时候 +从句

§ Lesson 15 Good news 佳音

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★secretary[] n. 秘书 注意读音

history

secret[] n v注意读音与secretary的区别

★nervous adj. 精神紧张的

be nervous 事情发生时

worried : 为以后的事情担心

upset:不安的 (对以前的事情)

★afford v. 负担得起

1、afford sth. : I can afford the coat

(东西)

I can afford the hoilday.有时间去

2、afford money/time : I can afford

five yuan./I can afford the book.

afford to do sth. : I can afford to

buy the book.

(can/can‟t)afford sth.前面一般都要加情态动词 “can/can‟t”

★weak adj. 弱的

★interrupt v. 插话, 打断

(n.)interruption

disturb : 打扰某人

interrupt : 打断某人的话

【课文讲解】

look down upon/on sb : 瞧不起某人

I look down upon my sister.

I look down 往地上看,反义词 : look

up

Business is very good! 生意好!

The firm could not afford to pay

such large salaries.(此句要求背诵)

collect salary 领薪水

pay salary 支付薪水

large:一般指东西的数量

so的后面加形容词或副词

such的后面加名词, 容许在该名词前面加修饰词

所有的间接引语都是宾语从句

My turn has come.

It is my turn.轮到我了(口语常用形式)

in a ... voice

in a loud(大声)/low (低声)/weak(强调心里不踏实)/strong(理直气壮) voice

a year

以下几个词都可表示 “再, 又” 的意思,

注意用法 :

1、an extra thousand(作名词看)

再有多少 : 数量+extra+名词

2、two others : two other +名词

3、two more : two more chairs

4、once more: 再一次

5、another three days : 只有another 的数词在后面

【Key structures】 关键句型

间接引语(宾语从句) : 是陈述句的间接引语.

一、主从一致 : 主句和从句的时态一致

1.主句的动词为一般现在时, 从句为任意时态

2.主句的动词为一般过去时, 从句为相对应的过去时态

(过去时 : 一般过去时, 过去进行时,

过去完成时, 过去将来时)

一般现在时—— 一般过去时

现在进行时—— 过去进行时

现在完成时—— 过去完成时

将来完成时—— 过去将来完成时

一般过去时—— 过去完成时

二、人称变化

主要是第一和第二人称变化, 设身处地

三、只要属于宾语从句, 引导词that可以省略

Exercises B

1 He ______ me that she ______

(come)tomorrow.

2 The gardener ______ that he

______ (cut)that tree down

yesterday.

3 I ______ you I ______

(have)never played tennis before.

4 What ______ he ______ that he

______ (do)?

5 When ______ he ______ you

that he ______ (buy)this car?

6 He ______ he ______

(cannot)understand me.

7 He ______ that he ______

(work)all day yesterday.

8 He ______ me he never ______

(write)letters to anybody.

9 Why ______ you ______ that

you ______ (be) busy?

10 He ______ that he ______ (will

wait)for me.

后面有 “人” 用tell,否则用say

; would come

; had cut

; had never had

; say; had done/would do/did

; tell; had bought

; couldn't

; had worked

; had never written

; say; were busy

10. said; would wait

先根据原句填时态, 再把这句话放到整篇文章中检验

【Special Difficulties】 难点

office : 办公室

study : 书房

desk : 课桌

Exercises

1 We shall use the spare room in

our new house as a ______ .

2 Smith works in a lawyer's

______ .

3 She felt very ______ before the

plane took off

4 I can only ______ to pay ￡100

a week rent.

5 Since his illness he has been

very ______ . He is always losing

his temper.

s

ble : Since his illness=> 自从他生了病

since +名词

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

6 ______ turn is it? It's your turn.

whom

6.....d...

(书面语)my turn has come,(口语)it is

my turn

轮到谁 : whose turn (is it)?who is

next?

10 It's your turn ______ .

's your line 's your row

're next 's your chance

10...c...

It's your 're next.

12 The writer would receive an

extra ￡1, 000 a year. He would

get￡1, 000 a year ______ .

12....

extra,other,more,another, over

最灵活的是more,two more

eggs,once more

more可以放数词和名词之间, 甚至可以放在整个名词的后面

extra和other一定放在数词和名词之间,

another一定放在数词前面

over sth : 超过(多余)什么东西, over

three years

up : 往上, climb up

【语法精粹】

一般过去进行时 : 跟过去的一个时间或动作同时发生

间接引语

如果是现在进行时在直接引语当中变成间接引语, 极有可能选用过去完成时

brother____while he____his

bicycle and hurt himself.

/was riding /was

riding

fallen/rode

fallen/was riding

fell(跌下来),ride(骑自行车) Ａ

____his leg as he_____in a

football match.

/played

breaking/was playing

/was playing

breaking/played

break one's leg C

father will be here tomorrow.

I thought that he____today.

coming coming

come A

be coming表示将要

go/come/leave/arrive的过去进行时态很有可能表达过去将来时态的含义

跟go/come/leave/arrive相连的词一定会用进行时态表示将来时态

was going out of the shop

when he collided with an old woman

who____

coming

been coming

come

collide : 相撞, 是相对概念 B

couldn't come to the

telephone when called her

because

she___C__in the lab.

been working

been working

working

§ Lesson 16 A polite request 彬彬有礼的要求

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★park v. 停放(汽车)

parking, stop

stop the car : 车在运动中停下来

park : 停放

parking area : 停车场

★traffic n. 交通

traffic police : 交通警

traffic lights : 交通灯,另义为拐弯口,

红绿灯, 十字路口

first crossing/turning : 叉路口, 拐角

traffic jam : 交通堵塞

in the traffic jam

I spend a lot of time in traffic jam

heavy traffic : 繁重的交通

in heavy traffic : 交通拥挤

I was ordered to drive in heavy

traffic.

★ticket n. 交通违规罚款单

★note n. 便条

message : 消息

note : 纸条, 纸钞

make notes : 做笔记

★area n. 地段

area : 场地, 地段(一块对方), 大地点,

小地点都可以

place : 地点

region : 地区(交战, 开火)

In this region,there were a lot of

wars.战火连绵

★sign n. 指示牌

★reminder n. 提示

remind v. : 提示, 提醒

remind sb of sth : An older photo

can remind me of my childhood.

You remind me

of your mother.

remind sb to do sth:

reminder : 可以指人, 可以指物, 如上例中的an older photo,you

★fail v. 无视, 忘记

fail v.失败

1、fail+宾语 : 失败做某事

2、fail in doing sth : 在某些方面失败

He failed./He failed (in) examination.

“in” 可省略

3、fail to do : 没有能够在某事

He failed to swim acrooss the river.

4、not fail to do sth.一定能够某事

I can not fail to pass it.

You can not fail to drive it.你一定能够驾驶

If you receive a request like

this,You can not fail to obey it.

If you arrived in Beijing ,you cannot

fail to find the New Oriental

School.

★obey v. 服从

【课文讲解】

fail,fail to do sth,not fail to do sth :

一定能够做

park : 停放

in the wrong place

wrong : 不合适的, right : 合适的

He is the right person who you are

looking for.

They met(A met B)in the wrong

place at the wrong time.

You met the wrong person in the

wrong place at the wrong time.

真实条件句 : 假设很有可能发生.If it

snows

只要是状语从句, 一律用一般现在取代一般将来

如果在条件从句中, 从句往往是一般现在时, 主句仍然为一般将来时

真实条件句中, 从句往往为现在时, 主句中会用一般将来时或祈使句

If he is sleeping,don't wake him up.

If 引导的叫条件句, without后面的名词也叫条件

without+n. : 如果没有

Without water,fish cannot live.

however=but,然而

however常常放在句首或句子中都可以,

but习惯放在两个句子之间

but转折性语义比较强, however转折语义比较弱

traffic police : 交通警

sometimes : 有几次, 有时, 偶尔

on my car : 指车的外面

sir,直接称呼的时候不和姓相连

1.表示尊称

2.可以不知道对方姓什么, 只要知道对方是男性就可以

welcome sb to+地点 : 欢迎某人来某地

pay attention to : 注意(思想上)

if.真实条件

You will enjoy your stay here,enjoy :享受, stay(n.)

I have enjoyed my stay here.我已经在这儿很快乐了

Enjoy your stay here.祝你玩得开心

only a reminder==not a ticket

receive a request like this,cannot

fail to obey it

总结

1、主句会有祈使句, 一般将来时, 情态动词

2、without+名词 : 如果没有, 起了条件的作用

withou your help/rain

3、however=but,往往一出现, 前后都有标点符号隔开, 后面会加逗号, but不会

4、对一个不认识的男士, sir; mister的后面一定要加姓, sir的后面不能加姓

sir/madam(女士)

5、enjoy your stay here

I have enjoyed my stay here.

5、You cannot fail to obey it:你一定会遵守

【Key structures】 关键句型

Exercises C

1 If it ______ (rain), I shall take

an umbrella with me.

2 You never ______ (pass)this

test if you don't work hard.

3 If he ______ (be)here before 10

o'clock, I shall see him.

4 If he plays well, he ______

(get)into the team.

5 If he ______ (enjoy) concerts,

why doesn't he come with us?

6 Tell him to wait for me if he

______ (be)not in a hurry.

,shall do

never pass

get

, why doesn't跟第三人称连用,

是一种建议; why not连在一起表示建议

【Special Difficulties】 难点

police,一定会做复数看待

b. pay attention to,care,take care

of,look after

pay attention to : 思想上注意,

notice : 眼睛上的注意

care : 关心, 在意, I don't care :

我不在乎, who cares : 我不在乎(谁在乎!)

take care of==look after : 照顾, 照料

c. remind and remember

remind : 提醒, remind sb of sth,

remind sb to do sth

remember : 记起, 记得

(1) Do you remember? 你想起来了吗?remember sth

(2) remember 记得吗?(可以单独用)

(3) remember to do sth : 记得要去做,

remember to send the letter

remember doing sth : 记得已经做了,I remembered sending the

letter.

Remember sb to your another : 前者向后者表示问候

Remember me to your mother : 代我向你母亲问好

送行 : goodbye

Have you enjoy your stay here? I

have enjoyed my stay here.

Remember me to your family.代我向你的家人问好

Today I will meet sb at the

airport/station.

Hello,good morning,/afternoon.

Long time no see.

How are you?Fine,thank you,and

you?I am fine too,thank you.

Welcome to Beijing.

多看看英文原版影片, 如《与狼共舞》等

Exercise (选择正确的词)

1 You can only learn if you(look

after)(pay attention).

2 Don't forget

to(remind)(remember) me about it

tomorrow.

3 The police(is knocking)(are

knocking)at the door.

4 Our neighbours will(pay

attention to)(look after)our house

when we are away.

5 (Remind me)(Remember me)to

your wife.

1...

look after……look+prep.+宾语

pay attention(to sth.) : 注意

只有当你注意的时候, 你才会学到东西.

2....

remind sth.

remind sth.

think of = think about : 思考, 考虑

3....

4.... 照料

5.... 典型的问候语,

“向某人表达问候”

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

1 Traffic police are ______ .

onally very polite

very polite

very polite very

polite

1...

seldom : 很少(否定意思)相当于 “not”

来理解

occasionally=sometimes : 偶尔

hardly : 几乎不(否定意思)

I'hardly went there.

6„No Parking‟means ______ .

't leave your car here

t parking

't stop 's no room to

park here

No Parking :

park : 停放(侧重放)

stop : 让运动中的东西停下来

leave

leave : 离开, 留下来, 丢在某地(一定要加宾语和地点)

I left keys at home.

I left my wallet in the taxi.

7 This note is only a reminder. It's

______ .

g one g extra

g more

only

nothing : 东西, 事情

no one : 人

nothing extra : ×

nothing more :

√

nothing……不定代词

不定代词的修饰词, 要放在不定代词的后面

anything important : 重要的事情

It is nothing,他什么都不是.

extra做定语时,

一定要放在被修饰词前面

one extra thousand

/...more 可以放在被修饰词前面或后面

9 You will enjoy your stay. It will

______ you.

at

9....d...

enjoy的典型用法 : 主语从宾语身上得到享受

laugh at(sb.) : 嘲笑某人

([])

amuse(sb.) : 让某人笑出来

please(sb.) : 让某人高兴; 取悦

可以直接加人的动词 :

shock,surprise,amuse,please,worry

共同特征 : 和人的感觉相连

be worried about : 为...担心

I am worried about my house.

My house worries me. 我的房子让我担心.

§ Lesson 17 Always young 青春常驻

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★appear v. 登场, 扮演

appear : 显示, 露面 反义词 :

disappear(都是不及物动词)

The plane disappeared.

The plane appeared.

The actor appeared.

appear as :

扮演...角色

He appeared as a prince.(王子)

on the stage;在舞台上

appear on the (扮演的确切表达)

My aunt appeared on the stage as a

young girl.

I work as a teacher.(最常用的介绍某人做什么工作的)

She worked as a nurse.

appear : 露面, 显得(系动词)后面直接加形容词

He appears nervous.他显得很紧张(看起来)

He appears happy.

I appears tired.

★stage n. 舞台

on the stage : 在舞台上

in the stage : 在某一阶段(时期)

★bright adj. 鲜艳的

bright red : 鲜红色

bright yellow : 明黄色

bright blue : 宝蓝色

★stocking n. (女用)长筒袜 (棉的, 绒的, 并不是现在的丝袜)

★sock n. 短袜

【课文讲解】

actress : 女演员 : 以-ress结尾的, 是女性

actor : 男演员 : 以-or,-er结尾的, 是男性

waiter : 男服务员 waitress : 女服务员

prince : 王子 princess : 公主

god:神(God:上帝,注意 “G” 大写)goddess : 女神

lion : 公狮子 lioness : 母狮子

doctor : 男医生 woman doctor :

女医生

thirty-five years old : 三十五岁

must be

must + 动词原形 : “不得不, 必须 :

(对现在的)推测”

least……little的最高级 “至少, 最少”

at most…… “最多”

She is fifteen years old. 她五岁了

She must be fifteen years old. 她很可能五岁

She must be at most fifteen years

old. 她最多五岁

She must be at least fifteen years

old. 她至少五岁

She must be a model.

in spite of : 尽管 (“of” 为介词, 后面一定会加名词或代词)

in spite of this : 尽管如此

In spite of this,I still like school.

“school” 前不加 “the” 表示上学, 加

“the” 只表示学校

join:参加了某一种团体

take part in :参加某一种活动

attend : 出席

join the army : 参军

join the party : 入党

join us:(口)加入我们(这个团体)中来

join sb./sth.

take part in the race : 参加比赛

take part in a play

take part in the party

attend the meeting : 参加会议, 出席会议

attend the party : 出席宴会

attend the class : 上课

Thank you for your attending.谢谢大家的出席(到来)

Thank you for your listening.谢谢大家的听讲

This time : 这一次

a girl of seventeen

两种年龄的表达 :

She is eighteen years old.

She is a girl of eighteen.

must do : 1、必须做 ＝have to; 2、推测

in……(介词)穿着...样的衣服 (+颜色、衣服)

用介词短语取代动词, 避免了一句话中出现两个动词

The boy in green.

in a bright red dress : 鲜红色的连衣裙

long black stocking : 长的黑色长筒袜

last year in another play(表示扮演过很多的角色)

had to : 必须(不能加介词, +动词原形)

bright,orange-coloured dress : 鲜艳的桔黄色衣服

ever==at any time : 任何时候(时间副词)

it must be : 一定(推测)

must +原形……对现在的推测

it……形式主语, 用不定式做真正的主语

grown up : (形容词短语)成年人

grow up : (人)成长

be grown-up : 作为一个成年人

must be thirty-five years old

当有人问你年龄时, 你可以这样回答 :

It is a secret/It is privacy.

I forget it. / twenty-nine

【Key structures】 关键句型

Must的用法 :

Must+原形…… (1)＝have to “不得不,

必须”

(2)(对现在的)推测

在过去时的句子中, 要用have to 来表示

“必须”

have to……可以有任意时态

She will

She

She

She has/I have

have to……作为实义动词, 否定式为don't have to

will not have to

didn't have to

对现在的推测 : must do

对过去的推测 : must have done

在 I 的从句中, 一定要用事实说话. (不能说成 “I think he

must be a fool.” )

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

3 She must be at least thirty-five

years old. In my opinion she

______ .

(3)...b...

in one's opinion=I think “就某人看来” ,后面一定是事实

in one's opinion 常常取代 I think, I

think太强调个人观点

【Special Difficulties】 难点

(a) As:

As a (介词)"作为"

As I learned,...(as作代词用) “正如”

As I am busy==because “由于”

As I was leaving the

==when “当...时”

Do as you are told.(the thing that)叫你怎么做就怎么做(按你被告知的那样去做) : as……方式状语从句的引导词

I “作为...工作”

(b) Dress,Suit,Costume:

dress : “裙子, 晚礼服, 连衣裙” (女式)

suit : “套装” (男式)

costume : “演出服, 民族服装, 某一年代所穿的服装”

(c)Grow,Grow up :

grow : “长”

grow up : “生长, 成长” (指人)

Exercises B. Choose the correct

words in the following sentences:

选择正确的词 :

1 Trees take a long time

to(grow)(grow up).

2 My father bought a

new(suit)(costume)recently

3 She hired a(suit)(costume)for

the fancy-dress party.

4 Do you like my sister's

new(dress)(costume)?

(1)...

(2)...

(3)...

fancy-dress-party : 化妆舞会

hire : 雇, 租

(4)...

Must:推测; 必须＝have to

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

1 The story about Jennifer

suggests that ______ .

is not too old to appear on

stage as a young girl

is too young to appear on

stage as a young girl

is the right age to appear on

stage as a young girl

is too old to appear on stage

as a young girl

(1)...d...

suggest : 暗示

right age : 适合的年龄

: 太...以至于不能

2 One of these statements is true.

Which one?

know exactly how old Jennifer

is.

do not know exactly how old

Jennifer is.

er is thirty-five years old.

er is over thirty-five years

old.

(2)...b...

She 推测

exactly:(副词) 确切地 exact

words:确切的话 : What‟s his exact

words?

7 She had to wear short socks. It

was ______ for her to wear them.

n ary ant

ible

(7)...

it is + a.+ 形式主语 “某人做某件事情...”

It is troublesome to learn English.

/ It is easy to do sth.

It is troublesome for us to learn

English.

(for sb.)为逻辑主语

have to do =sth is necessary(adj,

necessarily adv)

You have to go home.=It is

necessary for you to go home.

8 She often appears as a young

girl. She ______ on the stage as a

young girl.

presented

(8).....

appear : 扮演,本意为 “出现, 显示”

seems : 看起来, 似乎

be on show : 展览, 演出

show : 显示, 给...看

be presented : 出席 √(过去的习惯用法)

be present (adj

[]) : 出席(反义 : be

absent (adj [] ) : 缺席)

11 Men usually wear ______ .

instead of stockings

ngs instead of socks

socks or stockings r

socks nor stockings

(11)...a...

instead of : 代替

sock : 短袜

: 或者...或者

stocking : 长筒袜(女用)

. : 即不...也不...

in stead of 后面的词, 往往是没做或不做的事情

12 She is grown up. She is

______ .

old adolescent c.a

teenage adult

(12)....d...

grown [] adj.长大的, 成年的, 长满某物的

grown up :adj成年的,成熟的 n 成年人

grow up; 成长

adolescent

([] )adj.青春期的(13-16岁), 青春的 n.青少年

adolescent criminal : 青春期犯罪

teenager ( []

n.) : 十几岁的人(10-20岁)男女青少年

adult

([]) : 成年人

§ Lesson 18 He often does this!

他经常干这种事!

这一课省略不讲, 自己看.

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★pub n. 小酒店

★landlord n. 店主

★bill n. 帐单

have的用法 :

have dinner,have a cigarette,have

coffee,have a holiday,have a good

time

have a swim,have a rest

have a pen,have a headache

1、have做 “有, 患病” 概念时, 可作为实义动词, 也可作为非实义动词.

疑问句和否定句构成 :

实义动词 : 通过助动词 : I don‟t

have a pen/a headache.

非实义动词 : 直接加not: I

haven‟t a pen /a headache.

2、have只能作为非实义动词, 如果一个词是以完成时态出现的

I have arrived./I haven‟t arrived.

3、have只能作为实义动词

I have a holiday./I don't have a

holiday.

【Key structures】 关键句型

Exercises C

In which of these sentences can we

put the verb got after have?

三种情况 : 那些时候have 可以用

have got取代

① I have a pen. I have got a pen.

“有”

② I have a headache. I have got

a headache. “得病”

③ have to== have got to

以上三种情况have ==have got

在下面哪几句话中可用have got来代替have?

1 He had a drink before dinner.

⑴...不换...

2 Mrs. Sullivan has a lot of money.

⑵...换... 有钱

3 He had to leave early. ⑶...换...

4 We have had a long

conversation. ⑷...不换... 进行

5 My mother has a headache. ⑸...换... 患病

6 They had a good time at the

party. ⑹...不换... have a good/long

time : 过的愉快(固定短语)

7 This sock has a hole in it. ⑺...换...

8 She has to be patient with him.

⑻...换... has to (patient

[] n.病人, 患者

adj.忍耐的, 耐心的)

9 I have a bath every day. ⑼...不换... have a swim,have a bath

10 This room has four windows.

⑽...换...

11 He has a farm. ⑾...换...

12 We had a letter from Jill

yesterday. ⑿...不换... have a

letter from==receive a letter from

收到

§ Lesson 19 Sold out 票已售完

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★hurry v. 匆忙

in a hurry(n.) : 匆忙

If you are not in a hurry. 如果你不急(时间、动作上的)

If you are not busy. 如果你不忙(行为上的)

in no hurry(n.) : 不匆忙

I am in no hurry.我不急

hurry up(v.) : 快点

go to : 去

hurry to : 匆匆忙忙地去

He goes to school.=He hurries

to school.

come in : 进来

hurry in : 匆匆忙忙地进来

go out : 出去

hurry out : 匆匆忙忙地出去

★ticket office 售票处

★pity n. 令人遗憾的事

pity(n.)

What a pity! 真遗憾!

It is a pity.

It is a pity to be grown up. (it做形式主语)

It is a pity to steal a bicycle.

I am sorry(a.). 我感到很遗憾.

I am sorry to hear that.听到这个消息我很遗憾

注意 sorry 与 pity 词性上的区别

★exclaim v. 大声说

shout : 大声喊＝cry,call out

★return v. 退回

return to : 回来 return to

China/Beijing 回到中国/北京 return

to you 退回你

return money : 还钱 ＝pay

back,repay

★sadly adv. 悲哀地, 丧气地

涵盖了所有悲哀

【课文讲解】

at any moment : 在任何时候, 随时

at the moment : ＝now

at that moment : ＝just then 就在那时

I will help you at any time.我随时都会帮你

may+动词原形 “可能”

may (must,can't) have done……对过去的推测

must,can't,may+动词原形, 表示对现在、未来的推测

must : 一定, 很可能 She must be

a model.

may : 有可能 She may be

a model.

can't : 不可能 She can't be

a model.

She must(may,can't)

have been a model.

I must have watched TV.

I may have watched TV.

I can't have watched TV.

I hurried to the ticket office. 匆忙地

May ? 我可以吗?(用 “may” 表示 “我可以吗?” , 只能与第一人称相连)

have 是最活跃的词, 可以指任何的意思.

have coffee : 喝咖啡

have ticket : 买票 (习惯用法)

I'll have/take sth. 我买...(一般不用 “buy” , 习惯用法)

sell out : 卖完了

what a pity! 真令人遗憾!

Can(May) I...? 我可以...吗?

? 你可以...吗?(第二人称不能用 “may” 来表示 “你可以....吗?” ,

只能用 “?” )

? 我现在可以...吗?(在问句中更委婉的说法, 比can I 更礼貌些)

they指tickets

for next Wednesday's performance

用名词所有格来取代时间 : “...时间的”

用介词for, 起修饰作用

ticket for+事情

ticket to+地点

May I have a ticket to Tianjing?

May I have a ticket for the sports

meeting?

May I have a ticket ? (英文中的问句, 常常起礼貌作用)

May I have your name? 比

“What‟s your name?” 更有礼貌些

still : 还……可以和任意时态连用

still, yet……都和完成时态连用(原先认为)

want them [] 注意连读

might as well,may as well+动词原形,

“还是...好” (无可奈何)

had better : “最好” +动词原形(积极心态)

I might as well take the

umbrella with me.

共有的概念 “推测”

十七课 : 对现在的推测

十九课 : 对现在和过去的推测

不在于must,may,can't是什么时态, 而在于后面加的是原形还是have done.

加原形是对现在的推测, 加have done对过去的推测.

may : ⑴推测 “可能”

⑵ “可以” May I do sth.?

我可以做某事吗?

⑶ may,might(can,could)

对语气的强弱

I. 除了 “might” “could” 是 “may”

“can” 的过去式的概念外

II. 在表达 “可以... 吗?” 时, 可以用

“might” “could” 替换 “may” “can” ,

而区别在于语气上更委婉些

III. 在表示 “推测” 句型中, 并不用

“might” “could” 来表示对过去的推测,

只能是 “推测” 的可能性比 “may”

“can” 更小些的意思, must->may->might->can‟t(推测的可能性语气下降)

may as well=might as well “还是...好”

上述所讲是对现在和未来的推测, 对过去的推测要用虚拟语气

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

2 The writer ______ .

very pleased to get tickets for

next Wednesday's performance

't buy tickets for next

Wednesday's performance

't want tickets for next

Wednesday's performance

't too pleased to get tickets

for next Wednesday's performance

2.(d)

be pleased to do 对做什么事感到很开心

文中用了 “might as well”

be pleased to. . 高兴

be too pleased to 太高兴

be not too pleased to

太怎么样以至于没做(too

old to learn太老而不能学)

太怎么样以至于还是做了(not too old to learn 不是太老还可以学)

3 The play may begin at any

moment. It ______ .

begun 't begin for a

long time

't begun yet a long

time ago

3.(c)

may+动词原形; 对现在或未来动作的推测

a. has begun 已经完成, 说明已经做了

b. won‟t begin for a long time 好久都不c. 会开始

d. began a long time ago 过去做了

7 I might as well have them. I am

______ to have them.

pleased glad

very glad ted

7.(c)

9 „What a pity!‟ Susan exclaimed.

Susan was ______ .

d

9.(c)

§ Lesson 20 One man in a boat

独坐孤舟

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★catch v. 抓到

catch fish,catch thief

catch cold : 染上感冒

catch a bus : 赶车

catch one's breath : 摒住呼吸

catch sight of = see : 看见

catch fire : 着火

catch one's eyes : 吸引某人注意力

★fisherman [] n. 钓鱼人, 渔民

★boot n. 靴子

a pair of boots

★waste n. 浪费

You are wasting time.

a waste of

It is a waste of time/money/food.

★realize v. 意识到

I realized that I was wrong.

实现, realize one's dream

【课文讲解】

fish一般情况下作为不可数名词用

There are a lot of fishes(表示种类)in

the sea.

fish(v.) : 钓鱼, 捕鱼

主语通常由名词和代词充当, 以及动词+ing, 如eating,reading等等

for+时间……表示一段时间

for hours=for some hours

without(prep.)

介词后面一定要加宾语, 介词后面的动词一定要加 “-ing”

动词+ing : 1.做主语; 2.做宾语

anything用在否定句中

without作为状语而出现, 表示结果状语

He went out without saying any

words.

Without asking for money,the boy

went to school.

without 后面的动作是主语来做的

(v.)worry sb. 作动词一定要加人作宾语,

翻译时从后往前翻

The house worried me. / My

daughter worried me.

(adj.)be worried about 主语为宾语而感到担心

I was never worried about this. =

This does not worry me.

instead of 后面的词一定是没有做的, 可以放在主句后面

without强调没有做某件事, instead of强调这件事没做成而做成了另外一件事

instead of:我原准备做……但是后来做了……

I went to school instead of staying

at home.我没呆在家里而是去上学了

I bought books instead of buying

dresses.

less+原形 : A is less ... than B (译为不如) more beautiful / less

beautiful

spend+时间+在某地 : 在某地度过……时间

after(conj.)+从句, 从句主语必须是主句的主语才能换成下面一种形式

after(prep.)+名词/动词的ing形式

After I go to school,I learned a lot

of knowledge. (用一般式表示一个事实,

不用 “went to” )

After going to school,I learned a lot

of knowledge.

With an empty bag

[] 注意连读

with: 带着(状语)

without; 没带 I always go home

without angthing. 什么都没带回家

give up doing sth : 放弃做某事/stop

doing

give up smoking.

be interested in 主语对什么感兴趣

在船上 in a boat

not at all在否定句中起强调作用

【Key structures】 关键句型

细读下面的例句, 特别注意用斜体印出的以-ing结尾的词.

a 动名词作主语

Eating is always a pleasure. 吃总是一件愉快的事情.

Watching television is my favourite

pastime. 看电视是我最喜爱的业馀爱好.

Reading in bed is something I

always enjoy. 我总喜欢躺在床上看书

b 动名词作宾语

I am very keen on cycling. 我非常喜欢骑自行车.

She is afraid of staying in that

house alone. 她害怕单独住在那间屋子里.

He is capable of doing anything. 他能胜任任何事情.

c Note how these sentences have

been joined.

注意在以下例句中如何用动名词将两个短句连到一起.

He sat there. He did not say

anything. 他坐在那儿, 他什么话也不说.

He sat there without saying

anything. 他默默无语地坐在那里.

He turned off the radio. He left the

room. 他关掉了收音机, 他离开了房间.

Before leaving the room, he turned

off the radio. 离开房间之前, 他关掉了收音机.

He looked at this watch. He hurried

to the station. 他看了一下手表. 他匆忙赶到火车站.

After looking at his watch, he

hurried to the station. 他看了一下手表之后, 就匆忙赶往火车站.

Or: After having looked at his watch,

he hurried to the station.

I must apologize. I interrupted you.

我得表示道歉. 我打断了你的说话(工作).

I must apologize for interrupting

you. 由于打断了你的说话(工作), 我得表示道歉.

Or: I must apologize for having

interrupted you.

I must apologize. I did not let you

know earlier. 我得表示道歉. 我没有早一点让你知道.

I must apologize for not letting you

know earlier. 由于没有早点让你知道,

我得表示道歉.

Or: I must apologize for not having

let you know earlier.

He congratulated me. I won the

competition. 他向我道贺. 我赢得了这次比赛.

He congratulated me on winning the

competition. 在我赢得这次比赛之际,

他向我祝贺.

Or: He congratulated me on having

won the competition.

动词+ing(非谓语动词)可以做主语和宾语

b. be keen on,be fond of,be

interested in,enjoy+动词ing : 喜欢做某事

be afraid of

be up to ,be capable of (capable

[] adj.有能力的, 能干的,

有可能的, 可以...的)

without, instead of

c. I apologize. 我道歉 (apologize

[] vi.道歉, 辩白)

apologize for (not) doing sth. 为什么事情而道歉

thank you for listening/attending

for interrupting you 只强调这件事

(doing)

for having interrupted you 强调这个动作先做了, 强调时间 (having done)

以上两者为时间概念不同

not doing 没做某事

congratulate sb. on doing sth.

(congratulate

[] vt.祝贺,

庆贺, 恭喜)

Exercises C(用括号中的词来连接下列句子, 如需要可对原句进行必要的改动)

went out of the restaurant.

(without) He did not pay the bill.

t

without prep.+ doing

He went out of the restaurant

without paying the bill.

bought a pair of boots.

(instead of) She did not get a pair

of shoes.

d of

She bought a pair of boots instead

of getting a pair of shoes.

＝She bought a pair of boots

instead of a pair of shoes.

was afraid. (of) She did not

spend the night alone.

She was afraid of spending the

night alone.

4.(After) She heard the news. She

fainted.

after+从句; after prep.+doing

After hearing the news,she fainted.

(faint [] n.昏晕, 昏倒 adj.虚落地, 衰弱的, 软弱的, 无力的, 微弱的,

暗淡的, 模糊的 vi.昏晕, 昏倒, 变得微弱,

变得没气力)

carefully. (before) Answer

my question.

Think carefully before answering my

question.

在回答我的问题之前, 请仔细考虑.

6.(On) I saw the plane coming

towards me. I dashed for cover

as soon as : 一... 就... : as soon as

the moment +从句 : the moment I

had entered

以上两个主语不一定是同一个人

on (prep.)+doing 两个动作必须是同一个人(即主句主语)

On seeing the plane coming

towards me, I dashed for cover.(冲进掩护体 [] n.少量(搀加物), 冲撞,

破折号, 锐气, 精力, 干劲 vi.猛掷, 冲撞

vt.泼溅, 使猛撞, 搀和, 使破灭, 使沮丧,

匆忙完成)

【Special Difficulties】 难点

细读以下例句 :

a Interested and Interesting.

Excited and Exciting.

Fishing is not interesting. I am not

really interested in fishing. (11. 7-8)

钓鱼没意思. 我对钓鱼并不真正感兴趣.

The match was very exciting. The

crowd got very excited. 比赛非常激动人心. 观众非常激动.

b It's and Its. It's a waste of time.

(11. 6-7)

It's (= it is) cold today. It's raining

too. 今天天气冷. 而且正在下雨.

The cat drank its milk. 猫喝了它的牛奶.

This engine has lost its power. 这台发动机已失去了动力.

c Realize and Understand. They

don't realize ... (1. 7)

I realized he was mad. 我意识到他疯了.

He didn't realize that he had made

a mistake. 他没有意识到他犯了一个错误.

I don't understand English. 我不懂英语.

Exercises(选择正确的词填空)

1.I (realized) (understood) he was

not telling me the truth.

意识到

poem is difficult. (It's) (Its)

impossible for you to (understand)

(realize) (its) (it's) meaning.

...It' understand its

meaning / for sb 逻辑主语

its形容词性物主代词 poem

[] n.诗, 象诗一样, 美丽的东西

it's = it is; it作形式主语

was some (excited)

(exciting) news on the radio.

3....

excited 感动的

exciting 令人激动的

on the radio 在广播上

Eg. : I got news on the radio/on

TV/on the telephone/on the line(在线).

is not an (interesting)

(interested) person.

....an interesting person

interested 感兴趣的

interesting 有趣的

is an explorer. He leads an

(excited) (exciting) life.

...an exciting life explorer

[] n.探险家, 探测者, 探测器

lead a life 过着...日子

lead a happy life

Eg.; He leads a poor life.

excited 感到激动的

exciting 令人激动的

如果 -ed,-ing 做形容词即作定语时, 和被修饰词有关, 如题中, 令人激动的生活而非生活感到激动

6.I am not (interesting) (interested)

in other people's affairs.

....not interested in ... affairs.

interested 感兴趣的

interesting 有趣的

be interested in 对……感兴趣

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

2 The writer enjoys ______ .

ng fish g

nothing ng in the river

2. ...C

catching fish 抓鱼

fishing 钓鱼

doing nothing 什么都不做

swimming in the river 在河里游泳

enjoying doing sth / enjoy + n.

I enjoy books.

I enjoy reading books.

6 His bag is empty. He has

______ .

a.a empty bag empty bag

bag empty bag

6. ...B

an empty bag

one empty bag

an 指一个, 强调名词

one 一个, 强调 one,强调数量

I have a garden.

I have one garden.

强调empty bag

I sent a letter.

I wrote one word.

7 I am only interested in doing

nothing. That's ______ I'm

interested in.

one only

7. ...C

(that's/the) only 一般加名词

that+从句, 从句往往以特殊疑问词引导

that's why

that's when

that's all 那就是一切 (That‟s all said.)

That's all(I heard).

That's all I can remember.

the one 指东西, 不指事情

11 He always goes ______ with an

empty bag.

home house the house

11. ...D

go home 习惯用法, 最佳答案

go to the house 语法正确

没有规则与语法相提并论时, 语法为大.

当语法与习惯用法相提并论时, 习惯用法为大.

Where are you going?(更习惯这么说)

Where are you going to?

§ Lesson 21 Mad or not? 是不是疯了

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★mad adj. 发疯

sb is mad.

mad 常用于 “为...而疯狂” (着迷)

① be mad about

I'm mad about English.

crazy 为……而疯狂的

② be crazy about

③ go insane (insane []

adj.患精神病的, 精神病患者的, 极愚蠢的)

„right here waiting for you‟ 歌词中

I slowly go insane./go crazy/go

mad/go ?

go+adj. 变得...

They are going bananas. =go

crazy=go mad (变疯了)与 “go” 相连

★reason n. 原因

as+句子

because+句子

for this reason 由于这个理由、原因

For this reason,I was late.

★sum [] n.量

a great many + 可数名词复数

a large ...

a great number of + 可数名词复数

plenty of 足够的

a sum of 一笔(加不可数名词) 注意连读

a large sum of 大量的 (large 指数量的大)

a large sum of money

★determined adj. 坚定的, 下决心的

determine [] v.下定决心

make up one's mind

decide to do sth.

decision : make a decision :

make a decision to do sth.

be determined to do sth.下定决心做某事

【课文讲解】

Mad or not? = mad or not mad(省略)?

or not 在疑问词的后面, 表示是还不是,

选择概念

Why do people think the writer is

mad?

drive sb. mad 逼某人发疯

drive v. 驾驶, 开车

You are driving me mad.

The teacher is slowly driving me

mad.

night and day 日日夜夜

([] 注意连读)

passing planes 过往飞机; pass

g 作定语; 正在经过的(路过)

sleeping baby 正在睡觉的小孩

waiting car 正在等待的车

be built

years ago = many years ago

for some reason 由于某个理由

some + 可数名词单数 : some 表示某一个

some+不可数名词 : 一些 some water

some+可数名词复数 : 一些 some

books

some+可数名词单数 : 某一 some

book

however 用于句首, 句中, 用逗号隔开

come into use : into prep.; use n.投入使用; 主动概念, 没有被动式

be used 被动表示 被使用

use [] n. [] vt. 注意n

与vt 的读音不同

over a hundred ...一百多

must have done 过去发生, 推测

must have been done 被动

drive 逼

away from 从某地离开/away 离开某地

their homes 他们的家; house 房子/home 家

by the noise 被噪音

over a hundred people 主语

must have been done 谓语

away from 从某地离开; out of

somewhere 从某地出来

one of ... 之一

left : leave 过去分词, 表示被留下来的

left作定语放在被修饰词的后面, 剩下的……东西

I have a bag left.

There is ten cents left in my pocket.

Cent [] n.(货币单位)分, 分币

will be done 被动语态的将来时态

knock down 撞到

offer [] :

given, give sb. sth./give sb.双宾语

双宾语的被动语态 : 主语有两种可能;

以sb.做主语或以sth.做主语

被动语态的标志 be done

1、give sb. sth.

被动 sb. be given sth.

2、give sth. to sb.

被动 sth. be given to sb.

用离动词最近的宾语做主语

原文句型结构 sb. be offered sth.

to不定式表示目的

go away :leave

be determined to do sth.下定决心做某事

从句 I must be mad

they are probably right.他们也许是对的

probably adv.很可能

文章重点

1. 复杂句型结构 : over a hundred

people must have been driven away

from their homes by the noise.

2. 双宾语的被动语态 : I have been

offered a large sum of money to go

away.(表目的)

3. drive sb.; away from somewhere;drive sb. mad

4. passing plane; -ing作定语, 表示正在

【Special Difficulties】 难点

drive v. 开车, 驾驶 (drove, driven,

driving)

drive to 开车去往某地

I drove to Tianjing yesterday

drive sb. mad 逼疯

drive sb. away from 把某人赶走

drive sb. out of 把某人赶出去

drive sb. back 撵回去

home & house

home 带有感情色彩的

house 就是房子

Exercise B

用 house(s) 或 home填空.

1 It was raining heavily and I was

glad to get ______ .

2 The government plans to build

thousands of ______ next year.

3 He is very rich. He owns a

______ in the country.

4 Most people like to spend their

Christmas holidays at ______ .

1...get home 到家 ( home

adv./house n. get to 表示到达)

2... 3... 4...at

home (at home 固定短语, 在家)

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

4 It couldn't be used then. It

wasn't ______ to use it.

d ible

le

形式主语

it+be动词+形容词+to do

翻译时先译 “to” 后面的句子

D正确

be able to强调主语能够做某事, 主语必须是人

it+be动词+表语, be allowed 不能充当表语.

如将 “it” 改为 “people(人)” 就A,B都正确

5 Over a hundred people must

have been driven away. ______

they were.

a.I think b.I'm sure n

course

have been done :

对过去的一种被动语态的推测

must have done : 对过去的一种推测

I'm sure 我肯定:I‟m sure she is

teacher. (sure [] adj.对....有把握, 确信某事, 稳当的, 可靠的 adv.的确,

当然)

I think 我认为

Of course 当然 / certain adj 词性不对, 句子前不应放形容词

9 I have been offered a large

______ of money.

9.a large sum of money

a large number of : 不能加不可数名词

A正确

amount of

an amount of+不可数 : 一大笔

plenty of : 前面是不加 “a/an” , 切记!

10 I am determined to stay here. I

______ stay here.

will to to

going to

going to; 打算、计划

want to : 来自心里的一种想, 喜好

喜欢 I want to

§ Lesson 22 A glass envelope

玻璃信封

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★dream v. 做梦, 梦想

have a dream

dream a dream

have a good dream

sweet

Have a good/sweat dream!祝你做个好梦!

She is daydreaming.白日梦

daydream : 思想开小差

dream of doing something : 梦想

think of : 想、考虑

dream of : 梦想

I dreamed of flying in the sky.

I dreamed of finding the gold. / I

dream of be a good teacher.

dream on 继续做梦, 痴心妄想(做你的梦去吧!别痴心妄想了!)

dream boat : 梦中情人, 梦寐以求的(物, 人)

Do you have dream boat ? 你有梦中情人吗?

另 : dream that +从句

★age n. 年龄

teengager : 十几岁的人

adolenscent [] n.青春期(一般指成年以前由13至15的发育期)

★channel n. 海峡

★throw v. 扔, 抛

threw thrown

throw away 扔掉

【课文讲解】

同位语 My daughter Jane

of one's own age : He is boy of my

own age.

with 放在名词后面做定语

I have a bag with books in it.(“in it”

不能省略)

with 放在句子后面做状语用

think of : 考虑 dream of : 梦想

write to : 给某人写信 write (a

letter) to me

each other : 相互－往往强调两者之间的相互 ([] 注意连读)

one another : 强调三或三者以上的相互

will cost will travel

一旦用cost,主语一定是物

something cost somebody

more : 即可做形容词, 又可做代词 :

give me more 再给我一点

文中的 “more” 为代词 = more

money

a little 可以修饰比较级 : 稍微

much more : 多得多

It's a little hotter. It's much hotter.

It's expensive. That is more

expensive.

That is a little more expensive.

That is much more expensive.

But they will certainly travel faster.

也可 : but they will certainly travel

much faster.

much faster 快的多

【Key structures】 关键句型

Verbs followed by of, from, in and

on 后面可跟of, from, in和on的动词

We can put of, from, in, or on after

certain verbs:

of, from, in, on可以用在某些动词的后面 :

Jane never dreamed of receiving a

letter…(11. 1-2)

She never thought of it again. (11.

4-5)

She received a letter from a girl in

Holland. (11. 5-6)

Use this list for reference:

以下搭配表可供参考 :

a OF: accuse, approve, assure,

beware, boast(or about),

complain(or about), consist,

convince(or about), cure, despair,

dream(or about), expect(or from),

hear(or from), be/get rid, smell,

suspect, think(or about), tired.,

warn (or against).

后接of的动词 : 控告; 赞成; 让……放心; 谨防; 夸耀; 埋怨; 由……组成; 使信服; 治愈; 丧失……希望; 幻想; 期望;

听到……消息; 摆脱; 闻到; 对……猜疑;

思考; 对……感到厌烦; 警告……有危险.

b FROM: borrow, defend(or

against), demand(or of), differ,

dismiss, draw(SD 64), emerge,

escape, excuse(or for), hinder,

prevent, prohibit, protect(or

against), receive, separate, suffer.

后接from的动词 : 从……借; 保护……使免于; 向……要求; 有别于; 解雇;

从……中得出(参见第64课难点);

从……出现; 从……逃出; 允许不……;

阻止; 妨碍; 不准许; 向……提抗议; 接到; 把……分开; 受难.

c IN: believe, delight, employ(ed),

encourage, engaged., experienced.,

fail, help(or with), include, indulge,

instruct, interest(ed), invest,

involved., persist, share.

后接in的动词 : 信仰; 喜欢; 从事; 鼓励; 正做; 在……有经验; 没有尽到; 帮助; 包括; 沉醉; 教导; 对……感兴趣;

投资; 卷入; 坚持; 分享.

d ON: act, based., call(SD 34),

comment, concentrate, congratulate,

consult(or about), count, decide,

depend, economize, embark,

experiment, insist, lean(or against),

live, operate, perform(or in),

pride(oneself), rely, vote(on a

motion; for someone), write(or

about).

后接on的动词 : 遵守; 在……基础上;

拜访(参见第34课难点); 评论; 集中于;

祝贺; 商量; 依赖; 决定; 依靠; 节约;

从事; 尝试; 坚持; 倚靠于……; 靠……为生; 起作用; 扮演; 为……感到自豪;

依靠; 对……表决(投……的票); 写……的事.

Exercise 练习

Supply the missing words(of, from,

in or on)without referring to the

above lists as far as possible:

用of, from, in或on填空, 尽可能不核对以上搭配表 :

1 I withdrew a lot of money

______ the bank yesterday.

2 I refuse to comment ______ his

work.

3 The waiter's tip is included

______ the bill.

4 He congratulated me ______

having got engaged.

5 This warm coat will protect you

______ the cold.

6 Did anything emerge ______

your discussion?

7 I dreamt ______ you last night.

8 You can never rely ______ him

to be punctual.

9 Nothing will prevent him ______

succeeding.

10 Are you interested ______

music?

11 I suppose I can count ______

you for help ______ this matter?

12 Beware ______ the dog.

13 He persisted ______ asking

questions.

14 I insist ______ your telling me

the truth.

15 It took me a long time to get

rid ______ him.

16 Do you mean to say you have

never heard ______ Beethoven?

17 I separated them ______ each

other because they were fighting.

18 They can only cure him ______

his illness if they operate ______

him.

19 You can depend ______ me.

20 I haven't accused him ______

anything, but I suspect him ______

having taken it.

21 Whatever made you think

______ such a thing?

22 We expect a great deal ______

you, Smith.

23 My hands smell ______ soap.

24 They differ ______ each other

so much.

25 He invested a lot of money

______ shipping.

26 The film was based ______ a

novel by Dickens.

27 Don't lean ______ that shelf!

You'll regret it.

28 She often suffers ______ colds.

29 We have embarked ______ a

new scheme.

30 I believe ______ taking my

time.

31 Jones was dismissed ______

the firm.

32 They began by experimenting

______ rats.

33 Please concentrate ______

what you are doing.

34 She prides herself ______ her

clean house.

35 The climber failed ______ his

attempt to reach the summit.

36 Many people escaped ______

prisons during the last five years.

37 We must economize ______

fuel.

38 He's never done any work. He

lives ______ his mother.

39 He was employed ______ a

factory before he joined the army.

40 And what does this horrible

drink consist ______ ?

41 I shall certainly act ______

your advice.

42 Don't write ______ the desk!

43 You should not boast ______

your success.

44 You must encourage him

______ his efforts.

45 He should be instructed ______

his duties.

46 Two or three people were

involved ______ the accident.

47 Children should be prohibited

______ smoking.

48 I can assure you ______ my

support.

49 Do you approve ______

hunting?

50 I despair ______ ever teaching

him anything!

51 Has this play ever been

performed ______ the stage?

52 I warned him ______ the

danger, but he wouldn't listen to me.

53 How much have you borrowed

______ me already?

54 He delights ______ annoying

me.

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

3 Jane never dreamed ______ a

letter.

receive receiving

receive she would receive

of/

(d)

8 We were travelling across the

Channel. We went on a ______

across the Channel.

8. go on a trip 进行旅行

(c)

9 Jane wrote her name and

address on a ______ of paper.

9.(d)

a lump of paper : 一团纸

a tube of paper : 一桶(管)纸

a bar of : 一条, 一块

a piece of paper/a sheet of paper

一张纸

sheet ([] n.(一)片, (一)张, 薄片, 被单, 被褥) 注意读音与 shit []

的区别

10 Both girls often write to each

other now. They write ______ .

ntly onally

mes and again

10.(a)

often = frequently

occasionally(偶尔) = sometimes(有时)

= now and again(时而, 不时)

7 The girls write ______ regularly

now.

one another one to the

other to other other

7.(a)

one another(三者) = each other(两者)

互相

They love each other.

§ Lesson 23 A new house 新居

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★complete v. 完成 (喜欢与建筑工程连用)

finish

complete the building

finish/complete homework

finish/complete doing sth.某事做完了

I finish reading a book.

complete(adj.) : 完全的, 完整的

《鲁迅全集》中的 “全集” 就用

“complete”

★modern adj. 新式的, 与以往不同的(真正会译为 : 现代的)

现代的 modern history/art : 现代史/ 现代艺术

modernization

[] n.现代化

★strange adj. 奇怪的, 陌生的(表示因为对一个东西不熟悉而觉得奇怪)

stranger : 陌生人 (注意[] 应读成[])

strange : 奇怪的, 陌生的

be strange to sth. 引申为 : 对……不习惯, 对……陌生

★district n. 地区 行政划分的区域,

城市内的, 如北京的海淀区 : Haidian

District

area 地段

region 地区 地带 ([] n.区域, 地方, (世界上某个特定的)地区,

(艺术,科学等的)领域, (大气, 海水等的)层)

【课文讲解】

get a surprise : 感到惊奇

to one's surprise

shock : I get a shock.

a beautiful new house

离一个名词最近的词跟该词的关系最密切,

冠词肯定是放在最前面的

spare old cloth

Eg: a big red flag 大红旗 (flag

[] n.旗, 标记 v.标记)

work后面要加名词的话一定要加on

【Special Difficulties】 难点

Exercise(用it或there填空)

1 ______ is a pity that he could

not come.

2 ______ is a bus that leaves in

ten minutes.

3 ______ were some men digging

up the road outside my house.

4 Look at those clouds. I think

______ will be a thunderstorm.

5 ______ is unusual for him to be

late.

6 ______ has been very cold this

year.

7 ______ has been no news of

him.

8 I am sure ______ will be fine

tomorrow.

9 After dinner ______ will be a

long discussion on politics.

10 When will ______ be

convenient for you to come?

1. It is a

2. there

3. there : There+be+sb.+doing+地点 : 某地有某人正在做某事(典型句型)

digging up: 挖出, 找出

4. there : 在表示天气的时候, 后面如果是动词或形容词, 用it, 如果是名词, 用there be.

It is raining(动词)/It is cold(形容词)

There be +名词 : There is a rain. 那儿有一场雨

thunderstorm [] n.雷暴, 大雷雨

5. it 形式主语

6. it

7. there

8. it

9. there on politics 关于政治

(politics [] n.政治, 政治学, 政纲, 政见)

要求背诵 : When will it be

convenient for you? 什么时候对你来说最方便?

§ Lesson 24 If could be worse

不幸中之万幸

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★manager n. 经理(用能力, 办事的)

boss : 有钱

manager : 干事

head : 表示 ①重要, ②关系亲密的人物

★upset adj. 不安(事发后)

nervous : (事发前)

★sympathetic []

adj. 表示同情的

★complain v. 抱怨

complain of/about to sb.(对某人/向某人抱怨)

I compianed of my salary to my

boss.

★wicked adj. 很坏的, 邪恶的

可用 “evil” 替代

★contain v. 包含, 内装(强调用容器装)

container : 集装箱

contain : 用容器装 The cup

contains water./ The bag contains

books.

include :

★honesty n. 诚实

honest(adj.)

honestly(adv.)

【课文讲解】

The hotel manger‟s office

telephone number 电话号码, 名词可以修饰名词

the village fair : 乡村集市 (the fair

of the village/the fair in the village)

feel+(adj.) : upset 不安(事发后);

nervous : (事发前, 过程中)

not any=no

I could do nothing to help you. 我没有办法帮你, 我无能为力

I could do nothing for you.

Can you help me?

Sorry,I could do nothing for you.

Certainly.

Of couse.

It‟s my pleasure.

用进行时态取代一般现在时, 在英文是一种修辞方法, 表示不满, 一种感情.

start to do/start doing : 两者无区别

a knock at the door (敲门声) / knock

at the door (敲门, 指动作)

A girl came in and put an envelope

on the desk.

A girl came in with an envelope and

put it on the desk.

outside(prep.)(adv.) 文中为介词

gentleman [] n.阁下,

先生, 有身分的人, 绅士,男厕所, 男盥洗室

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

4 He could do nothing. He couldn't

do ______ .

ing g ng

hing

4...c...

I can do nothing for you.

nothing=not any thing; not

any=no

something,肯定句

nothing和not不可能同时并存

everything

6 Where did she find the money?

______ the room.

e of t

6.

outside adv&prep. He is outside./He

is outside the school.

out of : 从...到外面去, 一定要和有实在意义的动词连用, get/go/come out of

out : 在...外面, adv 不会加名词

10 He lost his money. His money

was ______ .

g away

earing

10.

lose : 丢失; sb lose sth 人丢失东西

miss : 怀念, 错过, 丢失(missing adj.)

My keys are lost/missing.

I lose my book/My book was lost/is

missing./be missed.

人丢了只能用missing : My child is

missing.

missing boy 失踪的孩子

go away 离开(人走), something was

gone

go : 走

be gone:不见了, 《Gone with

wind》 : 《飘》(随风而逝), My book

is gone.我的书不见了

disappear:不见了(瞬间), 不及物动词,

没有被动语态, 也很少用进行时态

be disappearing 慢慢的不见了

His money disppeared.

lose sth./sth. be lost

sth is missing

sth is gone.

sth/sb. disappear/disappeared :

“dispear” 是不及物动词, 无被动语态.

Unit 2

【Key structures】 关键句型

word order in compound statements

并列句的语序

a Do you remember the six parts of

a simple statement?

b We can join simple statements

together to make compound

statements

and

but : 但是

so : 因此

yet : 然而, adv. Have you finished

yet? (“yet” 原来的理解 : 放在句末或句中, 与否定句, 疑问句相连, 并且与现在完成时用得比较多)

yet=but 放在两个句子间, 起转折作用

or:或者, 否则, Hurry up ,you will be

late/Hurry up,or you will be late.

不但...而且

要么...要么... ,either you

or I

., neither you nor I

as well : 不但...而且...(“as well” 可省略)

§ Lesson 25 Do the English

speak English? 英国人讲的是英语吗?

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★railway n. 铁路

railroad : 铁路

railway/railroad station : 火车站

★porter n. 搬运工

★several 几个

some:一些, 即可以修饰可数, 又可以修饰不可数

several:只能修饰可数＝a number

of(一些)

a great number of : 大量的

some time:一段时间 some time age

一段时间以前

sometime: 某时 : I will defeat you

sometime. (总有一天我将打败你)

sometimes:有时, 偶尔

some times : (不存在这种说法)

several times : 许多次

★foreigner n. 外国人

★wonder v. 感到奇怪

wonder n. 奇观 : It's a

wonder./seven wonders(七大奇观)

wonderful adj 极好的

wonder ① wonder at sth.对...事情感奇怪: I wonder at this.

② want to know 想要知道:I wonder

间接引语的疑问句 : 一般疑问句用if/whether引导, 特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词引导

wonder+if : 是否: I wonder if you

have any spare time.

wonder+特殊疑问词: I wonder what

time it is.

所有的从句都用陈述句的句序, 陈述句句序 : 主语在动词前面

I wonder why you are late.

I wonder where you are going.

I wondered where you were going.

Could you tell me how to get to?

I wondered how to get there.

no wonder : 难怪

wonder n. : 奇观

wonderful : 极好的

wonder v.感到奇怪, wonder at

wonder : want to know : 想知道

I wonder if you have friend.

I wonder how many friends you

have.

【课文讲解】

arrive in : 到达, reach,get

When will you arrive?

arrive vi.不及物动词

reach vt.后面一定要加宾语

arrive at :

小地点, arrive in;

大地点

When will you reach(arrive in)

BeiJing?

get to+宾语 : 到达

When will you get to BeiJing?

How can I get there?

get home:到家, get there :

到那

home/there都是副词, 副词跟动词连用的时候不需要加介词, “arrive” 也一样,

但一般不用“reach home/there” , 如一定要这样写则把 “home” 看作名词,

“there” 当代词看, 不作副词看

I arrived at last.我终于到了

并列的表达方式中前面都是用逗号隔开,

最后两个用and连接

balck : 颜色(建筑物).The room is

black.

dark : without light.没有光线 : It is

dark.

the way to : 通往...路

Can you tell me the

I don't know the Can you

tell me how to get there?

I don't know the way to the school

and where is it?

I know the way.

know sth. well:很熟悉

I know the boy well.

so : 连词, 把并列句连到一起

如果有两个谓语动词, 加连词, 成为并列

as well : 不但...而且...

并列连词, 什么东西并列连接什么

I can speak Chinese. I can speak

English.

I can speak not only Chinese but

English as well.

I not only sing but dance as well.

Not only you but also I will go there.主语并列(一般不这么用)

not only,喜欢放在动词的前面

一般遇到实义动词和非实义动词的时候,

习惯放在两者之间

I can not only speak Chinese but

English as well.(更习惯的说法)

I not only like my mother but my

father as well.

however,可以直接放在句首, 也可以放在句子中间

several times 不用some times

. 即不...也不...

I speak neither Janpanese nor

English.

like that: 作状语, 象那样

each other : 互相

soon,强调时间上的快

I wonder : 感到奇怪

each(every) person : 每个人

speak English not only very

carefully but very clearly.

To learn English well is to study

hard.

但在口语中 : To learn English well is

study hard. (没to)

提高口语和听力的方式 :

1. 在读书的时候不能very clearly,注意读音规则

2. carefully随遇而安, 以understand为准, 学会重复

3. 多听多说

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

5 He didn't speak slowly and he

didn't speak clearly ______ .

r

5. ... b

not和neither不会连用

一句话中不允许出现两个否定句

too是跟肯定句连的、either是跟否定句连的

8 I repeated my question several

times. I repeated it ______ times.

b.a number of a few

8. ...b

several = some = a number of

much后面不加可数名词

没有only a few这个短语

quite a few 相当多的

9 At last he understood. He

understood ______ .

the end least

the finish

9. ...a

at last 最后、最终

in the end

lastly 最新的、最近的一段时间

at least至少

【Key structures】 关键句型

Exercises C join these sentences

with the words in brackets

用括号中的斜体字连接以下句子 :

1 I knocked at the door. He did

not open it. (but)

2 He went on holiday. I went on

holiday. (and)

3 He must be mad. He must be

very wise. ()

1.I knocked at the door,but he did

not open it.

一定要加 “but” , 一句话只能有一个主语和谓语, 要有两个就必须要有连词

on holiday去度假

Both he and I went on holiday.

must be either mad or very

wise.

wise [] adj.英明的, 明智的,

慎虑的, 聪明的, 博学的, 明白的, 贤明的, 狡猾的

vi.知道 vt.告诉, 劝导

n.方法, 方式

【Composition】作文

用括号中的词连接下列句子 :

1 My sister went shopping. I went

shopping. (and)

2 We got very tired. We got very

hungry. (as well)

3 It was three o'clock. We could

not get lunch. We had a cup of tea.

(so)

my sister and I went

shopping.

go shoping 购物

not only got very tired, but

very hungry as well.

was three o'clock and we

couldn't get lunch,so we had a cup

of tea.

hat 强调结构, 这句话是强调时间

【语法精粹】P5

_______ the trip until the

rain stopped.

A. continued B. didn't

continue √

C. hadn't continued D. would

continue

until是前面和后面用一般过去是和过去完成时都对

但是我们在一般情况下两个都用一般过去时

local peasants gave the

solders clothes and food without

which they __A___ of hunger and

cold.(without 在这里表示条件, 你知道

吗?)

A. would die B. will die C.

would be dead D. would have

died

这是关于虚拟语气的题

was not until then that I came

to know that the earth ____around

the sun.

A. moved B. has moved C.

will move D. moves.√

只要是真理都用一般现在时

It was that 是强调结构, 首先将 “It

hat” 去掉, 再将 “not” 移到

“that” 后面的句子中.

分析句子时后半句改为 : I didn't come

to know that the earth around the

sun until then.

until then 是在那个时候之前

His father did not leave until he

returned home.

变成强调句形式 : It was not until he

returned home that his father left.

I don't get up until lunch time.

变成强调句形式 : It is not until lunch

time that I get up.

4. When all those present(到场者)____he begin his lecture.

(重点题)

A. sit B. set C. seated D. were

seated √

seat 做动词的时候两种情况

sb 2. somebody be seated

somebody sit down

sit vi.

seat vt.

I had had time, I would have

written to you. But in fact I___not.

A. have have C. had

D. had had

这是虚拟语气题 √

as well 不但...而且...

并列句的连词

. 既不...也不...

either ...or... 或者...或者...

两者都

Ⅱ 复数主语 :

1.当主语由and或and连接, 通常采用复数谓语动词.

Both the girl and the boy are his

friends.

Both you and I are good students.

Ⅲ 单, 复数的灵活运用 :

1.当主语由

,,not

but also 或or 连接时, 谓语动词与nor,or,but also后面的词一致, 在英语语法中, 这被称之为 “就近原则”

离动词最近的名词是单数,

整个主语就视为单数

离动词最近的名词是复数,

整个主语就视为复数

Neither you nor I am a good

student.

Neither he nor I am going to the

airport.

Both he and I are going to the

airport.

Not only Mary but also her parents

have jgone abroad.

【Key structures】 关键句型

He finished lunch and went into the

garden.

and 连接的是两个谓语动词

however 用在句号的后面, 单独成句,

于前边的句子只有意思上的承接, 没有语法上的承接, 语法上的承接表转折只能用

but

Both he and I teach English.

He teaches both English and French.

Either you or I must tell him.

Neither he nor I speak English.

Not only wash the dishes but sweep

the floor as well.

【Letter Writing】书信写作

St.是 Steet的缩略

逗号在地址里表示前者属于后者

grade one一年级 class one一班

I am in class 1,Grade 1.

在日期里, 月和日之间不需要逗号, 但在年代之前要有逗号

日期是以序数词出现的

月份一定要是英语字母

February the fourth

the fourth of February

Haidian District,(海淀区)

BeiJing,

China.(最后一个地点要打上句号)

【Summary Writing】摘要写作

1. You can write the answer in three

whole sentences.

第二单元重点就是把句子用连词连成并列的部分

I arrived at the railway station in

London,and I asked the porter the

way to my hotel, but He didn't

understand me.

§ Lesson 26 The best art critics

最佳艺术评论家

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

两个同样的音连在一起时, 前面的音声去不读. 如 : upside down.

★art n. 艺术

art student 艺术系的学生

English student 学英语的学生

student of England : 英国学生

artist [] 艺术家

artiste [] 艺人 注意读音的不同

art gallery 艺术画廊 (gallery

[] n.长廊, 游廊; 画廊)

black art 巫术 ([] 注意连读)

★critic n. 评论家

criticise v. 批评, 批判(主要指批判, 但不完全是责备的意思)

criticism [] n.批评, 批判

critical adj. 挑剔的

critically adv. 爱挑剔的

He criticised my painting.

You are critical.

★paint v. 画

draw a picture 用线条画

paint a picture 强调油画

painting

oil painting 油画

Chinese painting 中国国画

Beijing opera 国戏, 京剧

★pretend v. 假装

pretend to do something

When his mother came in,the baby

pretended to go to sleep.

★pattern n. 图案

pattern drills

pattern 模式, 典范

★curtain n. 窗帘, 幕布

★material n. 材料

listening material 听力材料

★appreciate v. 鉴赏 ＝

understand and enjoy

enjoy 欣赏

enjoy the music

I like poems.

得到乐趣

程度一个比一个深

appreciate something

appreciate doing sth 我很喜欢做某事

I appreciate your help. 我很感激你的帮助

★notice v. 注意到

pay attention to 思想上的注意

notice : 细节上的注意, 往往是别人没注意的东西, 你注意到了, 细节上的东西

I notice the boy.

I notice the beauty spot.(美人痣)

★whether conj. 是否

If 在表示 “是否” 的时候可以被whether所取代

If在表示 “如果” 的时候不可以用whether取代

If it (不是条件状语从句, 故可以用将来时will)

Whether it

Whether it will rain (可以加

“not” )

I wondered if it will rain.(不加 “not” )Whether he is mad or not. /

whether his mad.

★hang v. 悬挂, 吊

hang hanged hanged 绞死, 吊死

hang hung hung 悬挂

The thief was hanged.

The coat was hung.

★critically adv. 批评地

★upside down 上下颠倒地 两个同样的发音连在一起时, 前边的音省去不读

【课文讲解】

I am an art student

[] 注意连读, 增加了[] 的音

They always tell you what a picture

is about.

tell you 后是what 引导的宾语从句

just 仅仅, 表强调

We

them 指 pictures

pretty curtain material 漂亮的窗帘布

In the same way that

In a way 以某种方式

The son walked in the same way

that his father walked.

I love you in the same way that I

love my father.

I love you just in the same way that

I love money.

make an appointment

([] n)

change an appointment

When will it be conveniet for you?

I like something.

I like something very much.

I like something better.

I like something best.

I like water best.

I like water better.

I like water very much.

else ① 跟在anyone,anything 等不定代词的后面 ② 疑问代词如 who

else,what else

They can appreciate modern arts

best.

better than anyone else 比其他任何人(表示最高级的含义)

The teacher is the tallest.

The teacher is taller than anyone

else. (“else” 不能少, 把主语从

“anyone” 中排除, 比中文更严密)

The book is more expensive than

anything else.

They notice more.

Whether ...or not= if

The windows in the wall /picture on

the wall 注意介词的不同

Isn‟t it upside down? ＝It‟s upside

down. 是否定疑问句, 没有否定的意思,

起强调作用, 表达一种情绪

It isn't a fine day.

It is bad weather.

Is it bad weather?

Isn't it bad weather?

作用Aren't you lucky? 你真幸运

否定疑问句起肯定

Isn't it a boy?

【Composition】作文

Rewrite these sentences using the

correct verbs and joining words:

改写以下句子, 选用正确的动词和连词 :

I (looked at) (watched) the picture

(but) (and) I could not (understand)

(realize) it. It was in black and

white and was (called)

(named)„Trees and snow‟. I could

see (neither) (not only) trees (or)

(nor) snow.

I looked at the picture. 不用watch是因为它不是移动的

call是称之为; name是给它取一个名字

It was in black and white. 黑白色

【Letter writing】书信写作

信头上是没有名字的

门牌号码应该放在最前边

【Key structures】关键句型

appear的反义词disappear

resemble相似, 类似

和人的情绪相连, 跟人的状态相连, 跟人的思维活动相连的动词都不用进行时态.

Appear,appreciate,believe,feel,forget,hear,like,look,like,notice,remember,resemble,see, think(that),

understand 等等

【Speech marks】 引号

引号在英文当中第一次出现是单引号, 第二次出现是双引号, 英文当中的书名号用

引号来替代

注意事项 :

a The speech marks are above the

line. They go outside all other

marks like commas(, ) full

stops(. )and question marks (?).

引号位于一行之上, 它们应在句尾其他标点符号—如逗号、句号、问号—之外.

b The speaker's first word begins

with a capital letter.

引语的第一个词以大写字母开头.

c Words like„said‟ and„asked‟ are

followed by a comma. We put a full

stop after them only when they

come at the end of a sentence.

在said, asked等词后面用逗号, 只有当它们位于句尾时, 才在它们的后面用句号.

d When words

like„said‟or„asked‟interrupt the

speaker, the second half of the

sentence begins with a small letter.

当said, asked等词置于引语之间时, 句子的后半部分以小写字母开始.

e We begin a new paragraph each

time a new speaker is introduced.

当一个新的说话人开始讲话时, 要另起一个段落.

【Summary writing】摘要写作

5. Do young children appreciate

modern paintings better than others

or not? Do they notice more or

not?(but)

Young children appreciate modern

paintings better than others.

They notice more.

not only ...but ...as well.

as well 放在句子结尾, 且可以省略

Young children是共同的部分

Young children not only appreciate

modern paintings better than others,

but notice more.

连接的是两组谓语动词

7. Had he hung it upside down, or

had he hung it the right way up?

Did she notice this immediately or

not?(and)

or 否则, 或者

upside down 与the right way up 意思相反

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

4 What is it about? Tell me

______ .

is it about it is about

about it is about is it

考特殊疑问句的间接引语是什么

陈述句的间接引语以that引导

What time is it?

How old are you?

变成以 He asked me . 形式

He asked me what time it was.

He asked me how old I was.

疑问句的直接引语变间接引语要注意

⑴ 特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词引导

⑵ 时态.

主句的谓语动词是过去时时, 其从句的谓语动词应为相对应的时态.

⑶ 疑问句变成间接引语时, 要变成陈述句语序.

陈述句语序 : 主语在动词前边.

⑷ 人称的变化

Is it nine o'clock? /He asked me.

if/whether 是否

He asked me if/whether it was nine

o'clock.

tell me 要求间接引语

Tell me what it is about.

注意使用陈述句语序.

What about 中about 是介词, 后接名词或动词的ing形式, 不接句子

What about it?

Tell me后要求陈述句语序

5 She tells me ______ my pictures

are good or not.

r

5.没有一个答案是对的

主句为一般现在时, 从句可以为任意形式

or not是否, that表示肯定

直接引语变间接引语的连接词有３种 :

⑴陈述句中的that;

⑵一般疑问句中的if/whether;

⑶特殊疑问句中的特殊疑问词

if不可以与or not 连用

unless conj 除外, 如果不(不能用于间接引语连接)

You will fail unless you work harder.你如果不更加努力工作, 你将失败.

6 Do you like my picture? It's

______ .

a.a new new one d.a

new one

6.D

A 缺名词

B 缺名词或位置错误

C 缺冠词

one 可以作代词, 还可以作数词

10 Young children often appreciate

modern pictures. They ______

them.

te

tand and enjoy

根据句子意思, 选D.

9 This curtain material is very

good ______ .

s nce

9. B

clothes 衣服 读音省略[] 的音

cloth 布

11 They notice more. They ______

more.

e

care

11.

在此句中, notice=observe

12 It's upside down. It isn't

______ .

up right way down

right way up

12. D

not the right way down = the right

way up

§ Lesson 27 A wet night 雨夜

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★tent n. 帐篷

★field n. 田地, 田野

airfield 飞机场(介词用on)

in the field 在田野里

in one's field 在...领域

He is an expert in his field. (expert

[])

football field 足球场地

★smell v. (smelled or smelt) 闻起来

smell 作半联系动词, 接表语, 接形容词

The food smelt good. (不能说成

“smell well” , “well” 是副词, 身体好才用 “well” )

感官动词

You look fine.

You look better.

You look beautiful.

taste [] 尝起来

The food smelt good,and it tasted

better.

sound 听起来

look taste sound smell feel

feel; ⑴感到 I feel ill. (心理感到)

⑵用手的感受, The blackbroad

felt cold.

★wonderful adj. 极好的

口语中用得更多的是 : Great ! (与物相连)

Excellent ! (与人相连

★heavily adv. 大量地

rain/snow heavily 一般与雨雪连用

smoke heavily 烟瘾重

He smokes heavily.

early in the morning 清早

put up 搭建/强调搭 如搭个草棚等

build 建/强调精心设计并且建造

make a desk

build a car (一般不用 “make a car” )

in the middle of 在...中间 (相对两边) )

[] adj.卓越的, 极好的

She is an excellent teacher.

Outstanding !(人) 好得站了出来

Brilliant! ([] adj.灿烂的, 闪耀的, 有才气的)

Fantastic!

★campfire n. 营火, 篝火

fire 可数也不可数 (一堆堆的火-可数,

炉子里的火-不可数)

★creep v. (crept;crept) 爬行 (蹑手蹑脚的) 也是平行的爬

climb the tree. climb up or down

(上下爬)

crawl : The baby is crawling on the

floor.(平行地爬)

creep out 蹑手蹑脚(别人不注意, 偷偷摸摸的)

climb / crawl / creep

★sleeping bag 睡袋

passing plane 正在路过的飞机

动词加ing 变成形容词作定语有二个意思 :

⑴ 正在... : sleeping dog

⑵ 用来做... : sleeping bag

listening material

walking stick 拐杖

★comfortable adj. 舒适的, 安逸的

★soundly adv. 香甜地

sleep soundly 睡得很甜

go to bed 上床/go to sleep 睡觉/fall

asleep坠入梦乡/sleep well睡得很好/sleep deeply 睡得很沉

fall 为半联系动词

fast : fall fast asleep 睡得好香 “fast

asleep” 熟睡

★leap v. 跳跃, 跳起

jump : jump up and down原地跳跃

leap : 跳跃, 有距离(如从沟的这边跳到另一边, 位置变化)

skip : 课文行的跳过去, 单词, 文章 :

Let us skip it?

Look before you leap.三思而后行

leap year/month 闰年/月

★stream n. 小溪

★form v. 形成

★wind [] v. 蜿蜒

(wound;wound)

wind one's way 蜿蜒而行

The road winds its way.

注意与名词wind[](风)的读音不同.

★right adv. 正好

强调作用

right 做副词时强调后边的形容词, 副词,

介词短语, 不强调动词

可用just来替换

just like 正好/just as 正如

后边加代词时只能用just. 如 : just you

就是你了. 不能用 “right” 代替

Right here.就在这儿

“Right here waiting for you” : 《在此等候》―歌名

I found my lost watch right in the

graden.我就在花园里找到了我丢失的手表

【课文讲解】

注意句型 : 在...之后

wet 发义词是 dry

汉语与英文只有意义的对等, 没有字的对等

湿淋淋的

My idea is the same as yours.我的想法与你一样的

I agree with you.(口语)

I think so.(口语)

You are wet.

英文中表示 “湿” 的词 :

wet/damp不舒服/moist (湿的程度减少)

moist : 稍湿(给人感觉舒服, 如湿润) :

moist cake 松软的蛋糕 (moist

[] adj.潮湿的 n.潮湿)

damp : 让人感觉不太舒服

dreamy eyes:梦幻般的眼睛

moist eyes 水灵灵的眼睛

humid 指气候比较潮湿

a 多雨的夜晚

(My idea is the same as yours./I‟m

agree with you./I think so.)

late in the afternoon.傍晚

in the center of 在...中心 (相对四面)腹地

in the middle of the river 河中心

midnight 午夜

the mid-autumn day 中秋节

在陆地的腹地用 “center”

as soon as 一...就... /当...

open fire 在野外生的火, 篝火

over 垂直的上面

cook a meal 做一顿饭

表示 “在...之后” 的句式

after+从句/doing

with a bag 带着包

in sweater 穿着毛衣 (sweater

[] n.厚运动衫, 毛线衫)

After I arrived => After my arrival

When the plane arrived => after

the arrival of the plane (P37

summary writing)

After his arrival, we have a party.

After the arrival of the flowers,I

took them and went to my

girlfriend's

tell story 讲故事

by 在...旁边 near/beside/at/by

① at the door 门边, (紧挨着的)

sit at the table 桌边

② by the river 河边 (不会紧挨着的,

但也不会很远)

③ next to

He sits next to me./who is the next?

表示紧邻着的

④ beside = next to

the next door to my house

⑤ near 在附近

beside/next to 与...相邻

at the door 紧挨着

near the village

next to /beside the village

at the table

by the river

next door 在隔壁

some time later 一段时间之后

some time ago 一段时间以前

a few hours earlier j几小时前

some time earlier.

put out 人为的熄灭火

be out 火自动熄灭

I put out the fire.

The fire is out.

crept into

in the middle of the night=midnight

at midnight 在午夜

wake up 醒来 主语自己醒

wake sb up 唤醒

begin doing/start doing/begin to

do/start to do

leap out of 跳出来

如果强调某东西自动形成, 则可以用主动态, 如果强调某东西是人为的, 用被动态

When I'm getting close to the

door,the door opened.(自动门)

The door opened. 强调门自动开

The door was opened.门被打开, 强调人为的

river formed 河流是自动形成

The bus stopped 自动的

The bus was stopped 人为的

wound one's way 蜿蜒而行

flow 流淌

flow/flowed/flowed

fly/flew/flown

grow/grew/grown

blow/blew/blown

right 正好, 恰好, 强调后边的介词短语

【Letter writing】书信写作

先写最小单位

给国外的人写信是才写国名

【Composition】作文

用正确的动词和连词改写以下句子 :

I am very tall(so)(but)I must be

careful. Doorways are often

low(and)(but)I

usually(beat)(knock)my head

against them. My head

always(hurts)(pains). I have

never(met)(recognized)a tall

architect. Have you?

Doorways 门栏

so/and/knock/hurts/met

knock/beat

knock 大声地撞

beet 持续的撞击/打

against (prep)相对作用的力 (在政治上叫 “反对” )

hurt/pain

身体的某一部位+hurts 某一部疼痛 my

hand hurts.

Pain 表示疼痛的名词

I have a pain.

My hand hurts.

I have a pain in my hand.

Meet 遇见 / recognize 认出 (原来熟悉再次认出的概念)

【Special Difficulties】 难点

动词加介词或副词起改变put的含义的作用

put up with 容忍

put up ① 搭建 ② 安排住宿

扑灭

put on 穿上

put away 把...收好

Your room is untidy,put your things

away.

put off 推延

put down / write down 记下

Exercise(选用正确的带put的动词短语)

1 Mrs. Bowers told her children to

______ their toys ______ and go to

bed.

2 You can stay here tonight. We

can ______ you ______ in the

spare room.

3 I'm not ready yet. I haven't

______ my shoes ______ .

4 „Open your exercise books and

______ the following, ‟ the teacher

said.

5 Father is ______ the fire he lit in

the garden.

6 When they have ______ that

new building, it will spoil the view.

7 I have ______ my trip to Japan

until next month.

8 I am getting a divorce. I can't

______ him any longer.

...away

...up 安排住宿

...on

...down记下 = write down

g...out

up 搭建 spoil 毁坏

off推延

up with get a divorce 离婚

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

6 They sang songs by the campfire.

They sang songs ______ the

campfire.

s

6.b

beside 在...旁边

besides 除...之外

my closest friends

close to 表示离...很近(必须要有 “to” )

close to me 离我很近

at the door; at the window; at the

table

9 The boys had put out the

campfire. The fire wasn't ______ .

ed on fire

9.d

be on 上演, 亮着的(一般指灯亮着的)

What's on in the cinema today?

The lights were on last night.

switch n.开关

v.用开关 The light was

switched on. 强调通过开关打开的

on fire 起火 : The house is on fire .房子起火了

alight : 以a开头的形容词为表语形容词

The fire was out.火熄灭了

§ Lesson 28 No parking 禁止停车

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★rare adj. 罕见的

rare animal 稀有动物 (animal

[] n.动物)

rare bird 珍稀鸟类

rare illness 疑难杂症

scarce [] adj :少有的,表示某个时间段或某个地方少有 :

Watermelon is scarce in winter.

scarce [] adj. 缺乏的, 不足的,

稀有的, 不充足的/ watermelon

[] n.西瓜

rare : 指世界上都少有

coconut [] n.椰子

steak [] n.(供煎, 烤等的)肉,

鱼, 肉片, 鱼片, 肉排, 牛排

well done : 全熟

medium : 半生半熟的 (medium

[] n.媒体, 方法, 媒介

adj.中间的, 中等的, 半生熟的)

rare : 几乎是生的

★ancient adj. 古代的, 古老的

ancient Egypt 古埃及 ([]

[])

antique 古代的, 古玩, 古董, 古老而有价值的 : antique furniture 古董家具

★myth n. 神话故事

fairy 神仙故事

★effect n. 结果, 效果

have an effect 有效果

have no effect 没有效果

have effect on 对...有效果

The advice has no effect on me.

★trouble n. 麻烦

woman/man troubles 女人/男人真麻烦

child troubles 孩子真麻烦

never trouble troubles until troubles

trouble you. 永远不要自寻烦恼

Let sleeping dog lie. 不要自找麻烦

(let sb do)

ask for trouble

He is asking for trouble.

I'm sorry to put you in trouble. 我很抱歉给你带来麻烦(口语)

have trouble in doing sth

I have trouble (in) parking the car.

I have a lot of trouble parking the

car.

★Medusa n. 美杜莎(古希腊神话中3位蛇发女怪这一)

★Gorgon n. (古希腊神话中的)3位蛇发女怪这一(凡见其貌者都会变成石头)

【课文讲解】

one of 其中之一

one of the students

believe in 信任; 信仰 (并不只是相信的意思,有任何时候都 “相信” 彻彻底底的相信即信任)

关系代词 : who,whom,which,that

关系代词后面要加从句

先行词是主句和从句共同有的一个词

I have a book that/which he

likes.( “book” 为先行词 “that/which”

为关系代词)

关系代词有两个功能 : 一是承上, 一是启下(如上句中的 “book” 作从句的宾语)

The boy is my brother.

The boy is standing at the door.

The boy who is standing at the door

is my brother.

I can do anything I can to help you.

I can do anything that I can do. 我愿意做我力所能及的事情来帮助你

Jasper White is one of those rare

people who believe in ancient myths.

who 在这是关系词, 起承上启下的作用

believe 用在people之后应该用复数对待

who 在从句中指代的是单数, 就用单数对待, 在从句中指代的是复数就用复数对待

如果在定语从句中出现了one of作为先行词, 它后边的关系代词指代的是后面的复数名词

如果在one of前面还有一修饰词 (the)

only,那么后边的关系代词将指代one这个词, 才作单数看

He is the only one of those rare

people who believes in ancient

myths.

one of 直接作主语的时候, 它是做单数看待的

One of the answers is ture.

One of those people is good.

ever since=since

have trouble doing 做...有麻烦

have trouble with sb. 和某人相处有麻烦

I have trouble with my roommate.

in the morning 每天早晨

in the afternoon 每天下午

at night 每天晚上

park a car 停车

because of 由于

because 的后面加句子

because of 的后面加词或动词 “-ing”

be able to 的主语一般都是人, 表示有能力去做

get his car into his garage.

I drove the car into the wall.

I drove the car into the tree.

drive the car into 把车子撞上某地

get sth into 把...弄进

even once : 甚至一次,even 起强调

put up 张贴

put up the pictures on the wall 在墙上贴画

not any = no

on 接触在上面

over 悬挂在上面

one of后面加可数名词的复数

I have ever seen 做定语从句, 修饰前边的faces

如果关系词在从句中做宾语, 关系词可以省略, 所以 I 前的which被省略

This is the most difficult thing I

have ever done.

This is the most terrible news I

have ever heard.

有两个结构一定是最高级

+范围 (of all the students)

+地点

He is the tallest in the room.

3.I have ever 从句

hope 的后面加that从句

turn sth to 把前者变成后者

turn the prince to a frog (prince

[] n.王子 frog [] n.青蛙 vi.捕蛙)

He was turned to a frog

turn cars and their owners to stone

none of,neither of做主语时做单数看待

先行词 : 放在定语从句前面, 而且是两句话共同含有的词, 还是被定语从句修饰的词

定语从句 : 句子做定语, 一般放在被修饰词后面

四个关系代词 :

who;whom;which;that

who 在从句当中做主语或做宾语

whom 只能在从句当中做宾语

which 指物, 即可以做主语, 又可以做宾语

that 即可以指物, 又可以指人, 即可以做主语, 又可以做宾语

【Special Difficulties】 难点

whose 后面一定要加一个名词, 然后这个部分共同做主语或宾语

The boy whose sister is standing at

the door is my brother. 妹妹站在门口的男孩是我弟弟

The pilot whose plane landed in a

field was not hurt.把飞机降落在田里的飞行员没有受伤

land 着陆

He is the right person I am looking

for.

Pilot [] n.飞行员, 领航员,

引水员 vt.驾驶(飞机等), 领航, 引水 v.驾驶

【Structure】(58页)

3. Our neighbour, _____name is

Charles Alison,will sail tomorrow.

(a) whose √ (b) whose his (c)

his (d) of whom

whose 在这儿等于his

his是物主代词, whose是关系代词

关系代词可以引导定语从句, 物主代词不可以引导定语从句

做主语, 宾语的关系代词有 who,

whom,which,that

只有whose做定语

boat,_____is Topsail, is

famouse.

(a) whose the name (b) the whose

name (c) of whom the name (d)

the name of which √

冠词和形容词性物主代词不能并存

不会说of sth the name

而会说the name of sth

介词后边加的是介词宾语

that不能直接出现在介词后边

whose name 也对

复习28课的语法

定语从句

关系代词可以有四个概念 :

1.代人的, 做主语或宾语who

只做宾语的whom

2.代物的, 做主语或宾语 which

3.代人的也可以代物的 做主语或宾语

that

其代表的东西由其在句子中的成分决定(不一定指人)

The boat whose

翻译练习 :

我有一个房子, 房子的窗户都破了.

I have a house whose windows are

broken.

介词后不可以用that

I have a book I am interested in.

I have a book that I am interested

in.

Exersise(在需要的地方填上who,

which, that或whose)

1 The only games ______ I play are

football and tennis.

2 He is the only student ______

understands English well.

3 He is a writer ______ books are

seldom read.

4 This is the hotel at ______ we are

staying.

5 Is this the money ______ you lost?

6 That is the horse ______ won the

race.

7 He is the sort of person ______

everyone admires.

The I play are football

and tennis.

1.不填 如果要填只能是that, 在从句中作宾语可省略

先行词如果用only, 序数词, 形容词最高级修饰, 其后边的关系词只用that

is the only

understand English well.

that

books are seldom

read.

whose

is the we are

staying

which 句中的 “at” 原来在

“staying” 的后边

This is the hotel which we are

staying at.

介词后加物的话, 只加which,加人的话,

用whom, 都不可用that,who也不能

She is the gril. I stayed with her.

She is the girl who/whom/that I

stayed with. (句中

“who/whom/that” 可省略)

She is the girl with whom I stayed.

That is the house.I live in the house.

That is the house in which I live.

this u lost? 不填

is won the race.

从句中少主语: which

选which , 不能用that

句子中用词避免重复, 句首已有了一个

“that” , 故选 “which” 而不是 “that”

谁是那个正在帮助你的人?

Who is the man that is helping you?

不用 “who” , 避免重复

7. He is the sort of

veryone admires.他就是每个人都很羡慕的那种人

person 是先行词, 在从句中做宾语

不填

admire [] v.赞美, 钦佩,

羡慕

总结 :

在做翻译或阅读时, 先找句子的主干, 剩下的是各修饰成分

考定语从句时, 备选答案更加难以选出,

要仔细分辨, 再复习一下这七道题

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

is one of the ugliest faces I

have ever seen. I've never seen

______

ugly one ugliest one

ugliest one uglier one

这是我所见过的最干净的街道了.

This is the cleanest street I have

ever seen.

答案 : D

此句是用比较级来表达最高级的概念

better than anything else 最好

The teacher is the tallest in the

room.

The teacher is taller than anyone

else in the room.

I have never seen a taller one.

I have never bought a more

expensive one.

7 ______ of them has been turned

to stone.

one one one

课文中为 none of

No 是形容词, 后加名词

no one =nobody (“nobody” 指的是人,

它将 “cars” 排除了是不对的)

不定代词后不用of

可以用的有 : neither of/none of/both

of/all of

none of =not one of

9 He is a rare person. You ______

meet such people.

mes

9. C

rarely=seldom 几乎不

rarely [] adv.很少地, 罕有地 / seldom [] adv.很少,

不常

10 Not all car owners are good

______ .

tors s

s

选 D.

not all 不是所有的

Not all students are good.

Not all children are naughty.

部分否定概念

12 The signs haven't had any

effect. They haven't ______ anyone.

ed ed ed in

d

12. A

have effect 有效果

影响 effect .n.

affect .v.

【Composition】作文

My wife (drives) (leads) a car. She

has (driven) (ridden) a car for many

years (and) (but) she says that

women drivers (do not deserve)

(are not worth) their bad reputation.

Yet, on the road, she often

(criticizes) (judges) other women

drivers.

drives/driven/and/do not

deserve/criticizes

reputation

[] n.名誉, 名声

judge [] n.法官, 审判员, 裁判员, 鉴赏家, 鉴定人, (J-)最高的审判者

vt.审理, 鉴定, 判断, 判决, 断定, 认为

vi.下判断, 作评价

§ Lesson 29 Taxi! 出租汽车

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★taxi n. 出租汽车

taxi driver 出租车司机

take a taxi/take a bus/take a lift

Whose plane landed in the field

★Pilatus Porter

★land v. 着陆 (不及物)

whose plane landed in the field.

★plough v. 耕地

plough .n. 梨

farm 农田

plough [] n.犁 v.耕, 犁, 犁耕,

费力穿过, 艰苦前进, 在考试中淘汰

★lonely adj. 偏僻的, 人迹罕见的(地方)

lonely (人) 孤独的, 孤僻的/cold fish

She felt lonely 感到, 主观

She is alone. 事实, 客观

alone [] adj.单独的, 独一无二的, 孤独的, 独自的 adv.独自地

„Home alone‟ : 《独自在家》――小鬼当家中的一部

★Welsh adj.

★roof n. 楼顶 (从外面看)

ceiling 天花板 (从里面看)

raise the roof v. 喧闹, 大声抱怨

hit the ceiling [美口语] 勃然大怒, 暴跳如雷, 怒发冲冠

★block n. 块, 一座大楼

★flat n. 公寓房

a block of flats 公寓楼 (英国)

office block 办公楼 写字楼

apartment 公寓(美国)

a block of apartments

★desert [] v. 废弃

desert the house = let the room

empty

desert [] .n. 沙漠, 不毛之地, 注意名词和动词的读音不同

【课文讲解】

read the text

captain 船长/机长

called

call sb sth

The instrument was called a

clavichord.

be called 被称为

called 在此句中为过去分词

过去分词做定语时是作为被动状态来翻译的, ing表示正在

I have an instrument. The

instrument is called a clavichord.

I have an instrument called a

clavichord.

I have a cat called Lucy.

-ing; -ed 是非谓语动词

a ploughed field 被耕过的田

a deserted car park 被废弃的车场

Written English 书面语

spoken English 口语

(colloquialism

[] n.俗话,白话, 口语 colloquial language

口语)

短语做定语是要后置

a race across the Atlantic

单个的词做定语时可放前边

however 可放在句子前边

that 从句在此处是表语从句

1.宾语从句中的that省略

2.定语从句中的关系词在从句中做宾语时可以省略.

句型 : The most surprising thing is

To my surprise,...

surprising 可以由其它词替换

The most exciting thing

The most exciting thing is that we

can win the football match.

The happiest thing is that I can

visit/see/(stay with) mother during

the Spring Festival.(春节)

(Festival [] n.节日, 喜庆日, 音乐节, 戏剧节, 喜庆, 欢宴, 欢乐

adj.节日的, 快乐的)

Captain Fawcett‟s

(the first ... : the 不能和所有格及形容词物主代词并存)

from ... to ... 从. . 到. .

since then/so far/up to now

since then 强调起点

so far/up to now 强调终点

fly 开飞机送某人去

My friend drove me to Tianjin.

drive sb to ...开车送某人去

once 一次

on another occasion 还有一次

Once I met him on the street and

on another occasion I met him in

the library.

and on another occasion. 一次......还有一次

request from 来自某人的请求

request for sth. 要求得到

take sb to school 送某人上学

too 在副词或形容词前表示否定含义

very 强调程度深

too 强调程度大到了人们不愿去做

You are very kind.

very expensive 买得起

too expensive 买不起

dangerous [] adj.危险的

【Composition】作文

The plane (not only) (neither) (flew)

(threw) close to the river, (but) (or)

also flew under a bridge. (Then)

(However) it (climbed) (ran) into

the air. The people on the bridge

(waved) (shook) to the pilot (and)

(yet) he did not (notice) (look after)

them.

not only/flew/but/Then/climbed(ran也对, 但没有climb表达更确切)/waved/yet/notice

【Special Difficulties】 难点

1、 refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事

deny doing 否认做某事 / deny

that +从句

2、 bring 离说话人越来越近

bring sth here.

take 离说话人越来越远

take there.

fetch 去了再来(双向动作)

fetch the ball

Exercise (选择正确的词)

you go to the kitchen,

please (fetch) (bring) me a glass of

water.

ball went over the fence and

the football player asked a boy to

(fetch)(bring) it.

I asked him he (refused)

(denied) to tell me.

you (deny) (refuse) that you

have told me a lie?

are you? (Too) (Very) well,

thank you.

/ / d /

. /

总结 :

① The most surprising thing is

that

The most exciting thing about it

is that

② n another occasion

③ 过去分词, 短语作定语

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

3. The„taxi‟is a small Swiss

aeroplane ______ called a„Pilatus

Porter‟.

is is is

is

3. 动词的ing形式有主动含义, ed形式有被动含义

(c)

A passing plane = a plane which is

passing

4 This is the most surprising thing

about it. It is ______ than anything.

surprising surprising

surprised surprised

4. (b)

用比较级表达最高级

本句应表达为 : It is more surprising

than anything else.

“else” 不能省略, 句子才严密

5 He flew a doctor to a Welsh

village. ______ he has flown to

many unusual places.

then then that

time that time

5. from then: 从... 起 (没有终点),

一般都是 “”

since then: 从. . 起(到现在为止)

by then: 到... 止

by that time

from then on = since then

(d)

9 The ploughed field is ready for

______ .

g

g

(b)

be ready 为....作准备

“seed” 只与播种子相联系, 一般作名词,

强调把种子种下去, 而sow只说明把...种下去, 并不一定是 “种子”

11 Captain Fawcett has flown

passengers to many unusual

______ .

ns

11. (c)

spot=place (点, 地点)

part :部分

a piece of = a sheet of 一张 / a

piece of = a bit of 一块

§ Lesson 30 Football or polo?

足球还是水球?

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★polo n. 水球

★Wayle n. 威尔(河名)

★cut v. 穿过

cut oneself

No pains,no gains.

cut one's hair 理发 have a hair cut

cut the tree 砍树/ cut down the tree

砍倒树 / cut the tree down砍倒树

cut the head off砍脑袋 (off = away

from)

cut off electricity 切断电源

cut sth into pieces把... 切成小片(碎)

cut across 直着穿过

cut a corner走捷径

when you learn english, never cut a

corner

★row v. 划(船)

go boating 去划船, 强调玩

my brother is rowing. row强调动作

★kick v. 踢

kick me : 踢我一脚

kickback : 回扣, 佣金

I get a kickback of 2000 yuan.

kick upstairs : 明升暗降: He was

kicked upstairs.

well to go (美语) = well done (英语)

做得不错

★towards prep. 朝, 向

★nearly adv. 几乎

★sight n. 眼界, 视域

catch sight of 看见

catch sight of the bird看见那只鸟

out of sight在视线之外

in sight在视线之内

the bird is in sight

out of sight, out of mind眼不见心不烦

long sighted眼光长远, 远视眼

somebody is long sighted

short sighted目光短浅, 近视

【课文讲解】

by the river

like to do 一次性的 I like to drink

tea.

like doing习惯性的 I like drinking

water.

afternoon+s表示每逢

as usual : 和往常一样

there be+sb.+doing

towards: 强调离目标越来越近的概念

call out大声喊

call out to

so .... : 如此....以致于....

(that 引导的结果状语从句)

so的后面跟副词或形容词, 如后跟名词时要用such.(....such +n +that+...)

the teacher speaks so fast that I

can't catch the word.

my brother walks so slowly that he

can't catch up with me. (赶不上)

the English is so easy that I can

learn it well.

there weren't any in sight.

there were not anything in sight.

there was something in sight.

Throw .... back to .... : 把....扔回到....

【Composition】作文

The wind(threw)(blew)his hat into

the river. He(put)(took)out his hand

(and) (but)tried to

(reach)(catch)it(so)(but) he could

not(so) (but) he(jumped) (fell) into

the river(and)(but) got it.

blew 吹 / take out 拿出 put out 扑灭 / catch 接住 抓住 reach够得着 /

but / so / jump 自己跳 (fall 掉进去)/

and

【Summary writing 】摘要写作

man in the boat neither saw

the ball nor heard people shouting.

r,the man was not angry

and he threw the ball back to the

bank.

but连接两个句子, 中间可用逗号隔开

however只是副词, 只表示意思上得转折,

它可以放在句首也可以放在句中, 只是用一个逗号把它和其他的词隔开就可以

【Key structures】 关键句型

A, The, Some and Any(KS6)(参见第6课关键句型)

a Some and Any. (对比第9课难点)

Note the use of some and any in

these sentences:

注意以下句子中some和any的用法 :

Is there any milk in the bottle? 瓶子里有牛奶吗?

There isn't any milk in the bottle,

but there is some in this jug. 瓶子里没有一点儿奶, 但是罐子里有一些.

Is there any soap in the bathroom?

卫生间里有肥皂吗?

There isn't any soap in the

bathroom, but there's some in the

cupboard. 卫生间里没有肥皂, 但橱里有一些.

Are there any nails in that tin? 那个罐头盒子里有钉子吗?

There aren't any in the tin, but

there are some in this box. 罐头盒子里没有, 但这个盒子里有一些.

b Names. 姓名

We cannot put a or the in front of

names. (KS 6c)

在人名和地名前面不加冠词a或the. (参见第6课关键句型c)

John lives in England. He has a

house in London. 约翰住在英国. 他在伦敦有座房子.

But we must put the in front of the

names of oceans, seas, rivers,

mountain ranges and certain

countries:但在海洋、河流、山脉和部分国名前, 一定要用定冠词the :

Who was the first person to sail

across the Pacific? 谁是第一个横渡太平洋的人?

It can get very rough in the

Mediterranean. 地中海中可能会非常不平静.

Many great cities are built on rivers.

Paris is on the Seine, London is on

the Thames and Rome is on the

Tiber. 许多大城市都建在河岸上. 巴黎在塞纳河上, 伦敦在泰晤士河上, 罗马在第伯尔河上.

I know a man who has been on

climbing expeditions in many parts

of the world. He has climbed in the

Alps, the Himalayas, and the Rocky

Mountains. 我认识一个参加过世界各地登山探险的人. 他曾攀登过阿尔卑斯山、喜马拉雅山和洛矶山.

Instead of saying:We can say:除了这种表述方法外 : 还可以说 : I went to

America last year.I went to the

United States of America last

you like to go to

China?Would you like to go to the

People's Republic of China?

some 和 any

some在表示邀请的语气中或知道你会肯定回答时取代any

Do you want some? / Would you

want something?

Do you want any drink?你想要喝点什么吗?(不愿意给别人喝)

would you want some to drink?

Exercises D (在必要的地方填上冠词a或the)

1 ______ refrigerators are

necessary in ______ hot countries.

2 Which river is ______ longest,

______ Nile, ______ Amazon, or

______ Mississippi?

3 Heyerdahl crossed ______

Pacific on ______ raft.

4 Why is ______ Britain

sometimes called ______ United

Kingdom?

5 We sailed up ______ Red Sea

and then went through ______

Suez Canal.

1.不填

refrigerator 冰箱 / necessary 必要的

in hot countries: 指的是炎热的那类国家, 故不用 the

2. the the the the

Nile 尼罗河 Amazon 亚马逊河

Missisippi 密西西比河

a

the Atlantic 大西洋

raft 木筏子 / 如用 “by” 则不用加任何修饰 “by raft” , 用 “on, in” 一般都要加 “the, a/an”

这里指的是这一类, 没特指, 故加 “a”

4. the

如果以单个的词作为国家, 基本上不加the,比方说China,America,Britain,一旦这个词成为缩略形式, 前面就要加the

the

横渡海峡用 “across”

和运河相连介词用through. 不用

“across”

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

4. It cuts across the park. It goes

______ it.

h

4. a

round围绕 along 沿着

across the grass, across 用于从... 的表面穿过

through the tree, trough 用于从...

的内部穿过, 如穿墙而过用 through.

over在... 上方, 与下面没接触

over the bridge, over the mountains,

over the hill

over 在用于穿越讲时, 表示穿过弧形

go through the market 穿过市场

7. There weren't any in sight. They

______ .

't see 't seen

't be seen 't seen

7. C

see 为及物动词, 一般后面一定要加宾语.

look 为不及物动词

10 The man in the boat didn't

______ anyone shouting.

to care

of

10. a

hear sb doing 听见某人正在做某事

I heard my sister singing.

I heard two boys talking.

§ Lesson 31 Success story 成功者的故事

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★retire v. 退休

He is getting old, He is going to

retire. 他越来越老, 他打算退休了

retire=stop working=stop doing this

I'm going to retire next year.

我明年会退出影坛或歌坛

I'm so tired that I'm going to retire

now. (retire = go to bed)

★company n. 公司

firm 商行

corporation 责任公司

limited corporation 有限责任公司 缩略形式 :

He works in my business.

他在我的公司工作

★bicycle n. 自行车

★save v. 积蓄

save 挽救

save one's life

He saved my life 他挽救我的生命

save one's face 挽会面子

save money 存钱

西方人不喜欢提钱, 所以用 save up 表示存钱

I have saved up for many years: 我已经存了好几年的钱

save it for a rainy day: 未雨绸缪, 为将来需要而做好准备

★workshop n. 车间

workhouse 感化院, 强迫劳动的地方

workshop 工作并且可以拿出来卖, 译为

“车间”

★helper n. 帮手, 助手

assistant 助理

★employ v. 雇佣

employee: 雇员

employer: 雇主

trainer 教练

trainee 接受训练的人

grandson n. 孙子

【课文讲解】

He worked in a factory.他曾经在一个车间里工作

He used to work in a small

workshop. 他过去在一个车间工作

used to do 过去常常, 但是现在不做

My teacher used to live there. 我的老师过去住在那(现在不住了)

He lived there. 他过去住在那(不知道现在是否住在那)

She worked as a teacher.

as...作为...工作

He used to worked as a teacher.

I used to study in this school.

as a boy = as he was a boy

as 在这儿是当...的时候

as a young man 当他年轻的时候

in his twenties, in one's

thirties/forties/fifties/nineties

in one's -ies 在某人几十岁的时候

in my fifties 在我五十多岁的时候

In his fifties,he learned the second

language.

in the 1980s 在二十世纪八十年代

I worked/(began the job) in the

1990s.

a head of 老板

at that time=just then=at that

moment

of one's own某人自己的

my own book (own 起强调作用, 自己的)

用of one's own 或 one's own 由被修饰词的位置决定, 如果被修饰名词在前边,

用of one's own, 如果被修饰名词在后边, 用one's own

has become 成长为

in a few years在一些年之后

....factory : 工厂雇佣....(除了人可以雇佣外, 工厂, 公司也可以这样表达)

hard early years 早年的艰辛

long road to success 通往成功的长路

remember记得, 回忆起

memory n 记忆 memorize v.

there is a long way to go

my wife came in when i was smiling

强调我妻子进来

I was smiling when my wife came in

强调我微笑(when 不能放在强调的前面)

want sb to do sth 想让某人做某事

main idea: his experiences as a

youny man

success 不但表示 “成功” , 还可以表示

“成功者” 的概念

success [] n 成功; 胜利 /

好结果 / 成功之人; 成功的事

【Letter writing】书信写作

以下的哪一个信头是正确的?

Mr. Bill Howard, 14 Duke St.,

Duke St. 214,

214 Duke St., Perth,

14th May, 19__,

Perth, Western

Australia. Perth,

Western Australia. 14th May,19

_ Western Australia.

1.F 2.T 3.F

【Key structures】 关键句型

He used to work fourteen hours a

day.

Do you remember these sentences?

(KS7)

你记得过去进行时和一般过去时吗?（参见第7课关键句型）

When I was watering the garden, it

began to rain.

As I was getting on the bus, I

slipped and hurt my foot.

Now compare them with these

sentences:

used to do 与过去进行时, 一般过去时 :

I used to go to work by bus. Now I

go by car. 我过去常乘公共汽车上班,

现在开小车去.

He used to be a postman a long

time ago. He's a taxi driver now.