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2024年1月4日发(作者:instrument是什么阀门)
英语字母组合发音规律秘诀
一、音标认识
英语共有48个音标,其中辅音音标28个,元音音标20个。记得我们小学认字的时候就是从拼音开始,英语中的音标就充当了汉字中的拼音角色,辅音相当于声母,元音相当于韵母。
1、元音音标,里面包括12个单元音和8个双元音。
单元音:[i:] [i] [e] [æ] [a:] [۸] [ə:] [ə] [u:] [u] [כ:] [כ]
双元音:[ai] [ei] [iə] [əu] [uə] [au] [εə] [כi]
2、 辅音音标,分为清辅音和浊辅音,清辅音发音时声带不振动,浊辅音发音时声带振动。
清辅音:[p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [θ] [∫] [ts] [t∫] [tr] [h] [l]
浊辅音:[b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [ð] [ʒ] [dz] [dʒ] [dr] [r] [m] [n] [ŋ] [w] [j]
英语的26个字母分两种类型:一种叫元音字母,另一种叫辅音字母。元音字母有:a,e,i,o,u五个,其余为辅音字母。
1.开音节
2.闭音节
a
e
i
o
u
1)以发音的元音字母结尾的单节。 例:be,he * 在重读的开音节中元音字母按2)以辅音字母(r 除外)+不发音的e结尾的音节。 例:make,like。 字母名称读音。
以一个或几个辅音字母(r 除外)结尾而中间只有一个元音字母的音节, 称为闭音节。例:map,desk,is。
/ei/
/i:/
/ai/
/ou/
/ju:/
开音节 /ei/ name,take
开音节 /i:/ be,he
开音节 /ai/ like,kite
开音节 /ou/ note,no
开音节 /ju:/ mute,use
* 在重读的闭音节中元音字母读做短元音。
闭音节 / æ / map,bag
闭音节 /e/ egg,best
闭音节 /i/ bit,fit
闭音节 / ɔ / dog,lot
闭音节 / ʌ / bus,cut
字母a,e,i,o,u 在重读音节中的读法
重读音节是指在单词中重读的音节,
非重读音节是指在单词中不重读的音节。
重读的那个音节,结尾的是元音,就叫重读开音节;
重读的那个音节,结尾的是辅音,就叫重读闭音节
一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音(重读音节是指在单词中重读的音节)
a
e
i
o
u
在开音节中 [ei] name plane Jane baby cake
在开音节中 [i:] he these me Chinese
在开音节中 [Eu] those close go hoe home no
在闭音节中 [æ] bag dad hat map black back
在闭音节中 [e] bed let pen desk yes egg
在闭音节中 [E] clock not box shop sock
在开音节中 [ai] bike fly drive time nice kite 在闭音节中 fish big drink sit milk swim
在开音节中 [ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday,u在闭音节中 [∧] bus cup jump much lunch
但u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音,例如:June blue ruler super。
二、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音(重读音节是指在单词中重读的音节)
a在[w]音后面 [ɔ] want what watch wash a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 [ɑ:] after plant graph ask grasp
quality glass fast father
i在-nd -ld和gh前 [ai] find child light high
o在-st -ld前 [ou] most postcard old cold
a [E]
China___[ˈtʃaɪnə]
Another___ .[əˈnʌðə]
Woman___ .[ˈwumən]
o在m n v th前 [∧] come monkey love mother
[i ]
Orange___ .[ˈɔrindʒ]
Comrade___ .[ˈkɔmrid]
Village___ .[ˈvilidʒ]
三、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音(非重读音节是指在单词中不重读的音节。)
breakfast ___ .[ˈbrekfəst]
e
i
o
u
[E] hundred student open weekend
[E]/[i] holiday
family animal
[E] autumn difficult
Cabbage___ .[ˈkæbidʒ]
[i ] chicken pocket begin children
beautiful [ai] exercise satellite
[E] second tonight somebody welcome [Eu] also zero photo
[ju(:)] popular congratulation January
动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[ei]音,例如:operate
u处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读[u(:) ]音,例如:July influence February issue
在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母a e i 即可以读作[E]音,也可以读作音
四、-r音节元音字母组合
1、在重读音节中的读音元音字母组合读音例词
ar 一般发音 [α:] car farm dark sharpener
在[w]音后面 [c:] warm quarter towards
or 一般发音 [c:] forty morning short
在[w]音后面 [ə:] word
worker worse
er ir ur [ə:] certainly bird
Thursday
辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如: carry sorry hurry
2、在非重读音节中通常读[E]音,
五、-re音节元音字母组合
1、在重读音节中的读音 are [εE] care dare hare
ere [iE] here mere
ire [aiE] fire hire wire
ore [c:] more score before
ure [juE] pure cure
例如:dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday
2、在非重读音节中are ere ire ore很少出现,例如:picture pleasure
ure在非重读音节中读[E]音,
3、重读元音字母+r+非重读元音字母组时,重读例如:parent zero story during inspiring
元音字母应按a(e,i,o,u)re音节拼读规则拼读,字母r读[r]音。
4、某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。
六、元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音
ai/ay
air
al
[ei] rain wait
day play
au/aw
ea的发音
[c:]
[i:]
[e]
autumn
daughter draw
teach easy
cheap please
heavy bread
sweater
weather
break great
hear dear near
clear year
bear pear wear
swear
例如:orange very American paragraph
[εE] air hair
chair pair
repair
在f,m,s前后 [c:]
[ c: l ]
[α:]
small ball
talk wall all
[ei]
always also
salt almost
half calm
ear [iE]
[εE]
[E:]
ee
eer
ei/ey
[i:]
[iE]
earth learn
early
jeep week
green three
pioneer deer
beer
oo在字母d和k前发音素[u]的音。
ook(书),look(看),特例词:food[u:](食物);
如:bedroom(卧室),classroom(教室)等;
如:blood(血),flood(洪水)等.
door,floor
flower house
count down
[ei] eight
neighbour
they
[i:] either key
new few
newspaper
flew brew
jewelry
piece field
receive
coat Joan
boat goal
roar board
door floor
noise point
boy toilet
如:too(太;也),zoo(动物园),
如:roof(屋顶),school(学校),room(房间),soon(不久),loop(圈,环),goose(鹅)boot(靴子),tooth(牙齿)等.有二个特例词要特别注意,它就是:wool[u](羊毛);:foot[u](脚);
如:good(好),bou/ow
4. 在复合词的非重读音节中的字母组合oo发音素[u]的音。
5. 在字母l和d之间的字母组合oo发音素[∧]的音。
6. 后接r时字母组合oo发音素[?:]
[au]
eu/ew在j l [ju:]
r s后
[u:]
ie/ei
oa
oar/oor
oi/oy
oo
[s]音之后 [i:]
[ou]
[?:]
[?i]
1. 重读音节词尾的字母组合oo发音素[u:]的音。
2. 在辅音字母f, l, m, n, p,s,t前的字母组合oo也发音素[u:]的音。
[ou] know row throw
though
[∧]
[u:]
our
[?:]
young
country
enough
group
soup
course
four
you
your
[auE] our hour ours
[E:]
ui在j l r s后
[ju:i]
[u ]
journey
fluid suicide
tuition
juice fruit
suit
3. 字母组合
七、非重读音节中元音字母组合和字群的读音
元音字母组合或字群读音例词
ai/ay , ei/ey [i] Sunday foreign monkey
ow [ou] yellow sparrow tomorrow
元音字组在非重读音节中读[E]音。例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee
-sion -tion [Fn] impression nation
-sion在元音字母后 [Vn] vision decision occasion
-tion在s后 [t∫En] question suggestion
-sten [sn] listen
-stle [sl] whistle
-sure [VE] pleasure measure
-ture [t∫E] picture culture
八、元音字母组合在复合词非重读音节中的读音
复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字母组合仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。例如:
everyday[ei] handbag[?0?3] blackboard[C:]
有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。例如: sun太阳 + day[ei]日子> Sunday 星期天 holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 > holiday 假日 break中断 + fast[α:]斋戒 > breakfast[E] 早餐 cup茶杯 + board木板[C:] > cupboard[E] 碗柜
九:辅音组合
y: 这个字母号称半元音,在组合单词的时候一共有三种发音,分别是/j/,/ai/,/i/。
当y在词首的时候,它发/j/,如yes,yard,yet等。
当y存在于词中和词尾的时候又分为两种情况:(1)、当单词中没有元音的时候,y发/ai/,如my,fly.
(2)、在单词中已经含有元音的时候,y发音为/i/,如family,sorry
限音的意思就是这些字母在组成单词的时候,发音要去掉/e/,比如x这个字母的发音是/eks/,那么在它组合单词的时候,发间就变成了/ks/。同样的,其它几个限音/e/一族也遵循着这个规律。(当然有时会有浊化音的产生,比如说s的读音为/es/,在单词中有时会读成/s/,有时则会浊化为/z/)。
那么在这里只需记住一个单词就可以清楚的了解在什么情况下m这个字母发何种音,这个单词就是mum[mʌm],很简单,m在元音前和在元音后所发的音是不一样的。
thank mouth
this that with
tree train truckdr
dress driver sh
shirt wash shortch
child chair catch
school Christmas
sandwich
two twin twenty
/w/ white wheel what /h/ who whose whom
jackets kites
birds friends
x: 这个字母跟f,l,m,n,s,z一样同属限音/e/一族,什么叫限音/e/呢,就是这些字母的读音都含有/e/,
m: 这个字母多发两个音,由于音标是一样的,所以在这里没法对两个读音作区分,
/θ/
/ δ/
tr /tr/
dr
sh
ch
tw
wh
ts
ds
/dr/
/∫/
/t∫/
/ k /
/ dз/
/tw/
/ts/
/dz/
th
十、辅音字母组合的读音b
c
[b]
后跟元音字母a,o,u时,字母c发[k]
后跟e,i,y时,字母c发[s]
bike bus bag
例如:cat,come,cut,cake picture
coat music;
例如:nice,decide,Lucy,后跟辅音字母k,r,s,t,以及位于单词最后时,字母c发[k],
[/] 不发音 bomb tomb
face decide
cinema。
例如:black,crossing,politics,dictate,picnic。
单词中有双写字例如:母c,后跟元音字successful,母e或i时第一个accident;
c发[k],第二个c例如:account。
发[s],
后跟其它元音字母或字母组合时,两个c合发一个[k],
后跟字母组合例如:receive,ei,er,ie或与certainly,词尾的字母e组society;
合时,c发[s], 例如:especially
后跟字母组合ia时,c发[∫],
ch 一般读作 [tmuch chick rich
∫] teacher
[k] chemist(化学 家),chem-istry(化学),chemical(化学的),Christmas(圣诞节),
headache(头痛),school(学校)等6个单词中读[k]
[∫] machine
-ck [k] cock pocket
black knock
d [d] doctor bread
hand day
-dge [dʒ] bridge fridge
dr- [dr] children driver
drink
f [f] five four
breakfast
g 在e i/y前 [g] bag garden go
[dʒ] orange large
German
gh gh字母组合的读音归纳起来主要有“发音”和“不发音”两种情况。
一、gh在下列三例:ghost/g?ust/
种情况下发音
1.gh在词首时,读作/g/。
2.词首为字母1,例:laugh/la:f/,且后跟字母组合laughter/'la:ftaugh时,gh读作?/,cough ,/f/。 enough
3.词尾为字母组例:enough
合ough时,gh读/i'n?f/,作/f/。 cough/k?f/,rough/r?f/,tough/t?f/
二、gh在下列五例:种情况下不发音 bright/brait/,1.gh 在元音字母fight/fait/,i后不发音。 frighten/'fraitn/,high/hai/,light/lait/,might/mait/,night/nait/,right/rait/,sight/sait/,slight/slait/
2.gh在元音字母例:eight/eit/,组合ei和ai后不eighth/eitθ/,发音。 neighbor/'neib?/,straight/streit/,weigh/wei/,weight/weit/
3.gh在字母组合例:bought/b?:ought中不发音。 t/,brought/br?:t/,fought/f?:t/,thought/θ?:t/
4.字母组合aughcaught/k?:t/,前面不是1时,ghdaughter/'d?:不发音。 t?/,naught/n?:t/,naughty/'n?:ti/,taught/t?:t/
5.词尾为ough例:although/?:的词,如以上所l'?0?8?u/,述,有的发/f/,plough/plau/,但有时也不发音。 through/θru:/,though/?0?8?u/,thorough/'θ?r?/
注意:若gh不是字母组合,而是分属
于前后两个不同的音节时,不适合以上规则。例:dininghall/'daini?h?:l/
gu- [g] -guegu在guess league
非重读音节中 dialogue
[gw] language anguish
h [h] hot head house
hand
[/] hour honest
j [dV] jeep jar joke
join July
k [k] kind bike skate
make week
kn [n] knife know knock
l [l] life milk school
tall
m [m] monkey come
autumn
mn [m] autumn column
solemn
n 在[k] [g]音前 not shine ten
[n] note
[N] uncle thank
hungry
-ng [N] morning young
wrong
p [p] paper plane pig
ship pen
ph [f] elephant photo
telephone
q [k] Iraq
qu- [kw] quality quite
r [r] red rubber ruler
s 在词首或清辅音sit sleep desk
前元音字母间或浊辅音前 [s]
[z] music husband
sc- [sk] scarlet
[s] muscle science
sh [∫] she fish shirt
wash
t [t] ten letter meet
在通常情况下在patient nation
弱读字母ia ie
io前 [∫]
tch [t∫] watch
th 1 当位于词首时,可以从词性上判别其 应有的读音。请看:
第一类:在以下 4a. Noun 名词:种 词类 th 读 thing, theatre,
清音,即国际音标thumb大拇指,
的 θ : thunder雷,thermos热水瓶, Thursday,
theory, theme,
throat喉咙,
thread线
b. Verb 动词:think, thank,
throw, thrive,
thicken,
l 数词:three, thirteen,
thirty, third,
thousand
ive 形容词:thin,
thick, thirsty,
thoughtful,
thorough彻底的
第二类:在以下 a. Pronoun 代词:两种 词类 th 读 they, them,
浊音: their, theirs,
this,
these,that,
those, there
b. Functional
terms 功能词:the, than, then,
though,
thus,therefore
2 当位于词尾(或如:bath, breath,
音节之尾)时,其both, cloth,
读音多数是清音, tooth, health,
只有在少数单词wealth,
中,如:with, arithmetic 等。
smooth 中读浊音。
3 当位于两个元如:other,
音之间时,其读音mother, brother,
多数是浊音。 another, father,
weather,
但是,也有读清音feather,
的, leather,
further,
breathe。
如在单词
method, nothing,
anything,
sympathy,sympathetic,
mathematics,
healthy,
wealthy, Luther,
arathon(马拉松)等。
tr- [tr] tree train
country truck
v [v] very voice love
leave
w [w] week win wake
sweet wait
[/] 不发音 Answer two
十一:元音组合
ai [ei] wait paint
ay [ei] may play day say
air [ɛə] air hair chair
al [ɔ:l] tall small ball
ar [ɑ:] farther farm car arm
ea [i:] meat please tea read
[e] head bread ready
[iə] Theater ear hear near
[ɛə] bear
[ə:] earth
ee /i:/ meet see bee feet jeep
eir / ε? / their
er / ? / worker teacher
/ ?: her
/
ere /i ? / here
/ε? / where there
ew /ju: new few
十二:元音字母组合 重读 [a:] mark carve 例外
article
ar party
market
March farm
hard
在W[כ:] warm warn
后 reward war
wh- wh-在字母o前 what when white
[w] why
[h] who whose whole
x 在重读元音前 box text
[ks] exercise
[gz] example exist
exact
wr- [r] write
y- [j] yes yard yellow
young
z [z] puzzle zero zoo
/
/u: / flew grewight
igh [ai] right high brightir
ir [ə:] bird girl shirt thirty
oa [əu] boat coat
ong [ɔŋ] long song
oo [u] book foot good
[u:] moon balloon
or [ɔ:] short fork port
[ə:] word world work
oor [ɔ:] door floor
ore [ɔ:] more store sore
ou [au] out house mouthour
[ɔ:] four your
[ˈauə] Our
[əu] bowl window
[au] now cow flower
oy [ɔi] boy toy
ur [ə:] turn
非重[ə] grammar
读
重读 [ə:] service
er certain
serve
非重[ə] worker
读 farmer
teacher
重读 [כ:] form
or important
corner
horse
在W[ə:] work word
后 world worth
非重[ə] mirror
读 doctor
forbid
forget
重读 [ə:] church
ur Thursday
nurse turn
return
非重[ə] surprise
读 surround
murmur
ir 重读 [ə:] thirsty
dirty first
girl
重读[ei] tailor
ai 音节 remain
grain sail said [e]
praise
raise brain
非重[i] captain
读音a
节
[ə] certain
au [כ:] cause aunt [a:]
[כ:] walk ball half [a:]
al all talk alms [a:]
[כ:l] always
almost
already
although
aw [כ:] draw dawn
saw
air [eə] fair affair
hair
upstairs
are [eə] dare glare are[a:]
share
compare
careful
aug [כ:] taught laugh[a:f]
h caught
daughter
naughty
重读[ei] delay play says [e]
ay 音节 say way
today
非重[i] Sunday
读音Monday
节
[i:] repeat leaf
lead peace
ea disease
cream
[e] sweater
thread
headache
heavy
breakfast
特殊 [ei] great
e
greatly
break
[iə] real idea
theatre
ee [i:] sleep
freely weed
steel
degree
[iə] appear heart [a:]
ear clear near
hear dear
ear
[ə:] heard learn
earn early
search
[eə] wear bear
swear pear
ei [i] receive
seize
ceiling
[ju:few new news
ew ] sew[əu]
在[u:] blew flew
[l],threw drew
[r]后
ere [eə] there where here [iə]
重读[ei] grey hey
ey 音节 obey key [i:]
非重[i] monkey
读音donkey
节
eig [ei] weight
h eight
eighty
[i:] piece thief diet[aiə]
ie field chief quiet[aiə]
i
[ai] lie tie die
ire [aiə] wire
inspire
hire tire
igh [ai] right fight
night high
bright
light
oa [əu] loaf road broad[כ:]
soap coat abroad[כ:]
boat
oi [כi] voice noise
point
choice
oy [כi] toy boy joy
joyful
在其[u:] roof choose wool[u]
他字school foot[u]
o
oo 母前 shoot
在k,[u] took look food[u:]
d 前 cook stood flood [۸]
wood good blood [۸]
oor [כ:] floor door poor[uə]
[au] pound rouse
mountain shoulder[əou trousers u]
十三:26个字母发音规律
a /ei/ name cake table
/?0?3/ apple cat map am
/α: / want dance
/o/ what watch
b /b/ book big bag box
c /k/ cat cake cup clock car
/s/ face nice pencil books
d /d/ desk doll dog dad
e /i:/ he she meet me
/e/ elephant egg bed pen
f
/f/ fine friend fly foot fan
g /ɡ/ gun glass glad glove
/dз / age orange
h /h/ hat he house hand
i /ai / fine bike five ice
ground soul[əu]
thousand
[۸] couple
cousin
double
country
touch
trouble
[u:] route group
routine
soup
[u] could
should
would
[כ:] fought though[əu]
bought plough [au]
ougbrought cough [כf]
h thought through[u:]
thorough[ə]
enough [۸f]
[au] down brown
ow flower knowledge[כ [əu] bowl sow
]
window row
owner low
show throw
grow
重读[uə] sure surely
u ure 音节
非重[ə:] pleasure .[ˈ读音pleʒə]
节
/i/ is sit miss pig picture
j / dз / jeep jam jacket jar
k /k/ kite cake black thank
l /l/ leg left ruler flag lamp
/l/ apple bowl tell old
m /m/ am map my mouth milk
n /n/ no know new hand
o /?u / old home nose coke
/o/ dog not clock box
/Λ / son month mother love
p /p/ map jeep pig pen apple
q /kw / quite quilt quick
r /r/ red radio brother racket
s /s/ sit miss this smile books
/z/ nose those rose rulers
t /t/ it sit not that table little
u /ju: / use usually excuse
/Λ / bus us sun duck
/ u / put pull push
v /v / five vase very seven
w /w/ we window watch want
音标发音
【元音】音标发音
1、[i:] 字母组合:ee ea e ie/ei
ee: three tree green sheep meet beef see
seek
ea: eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean
speak clean please
e: he she me
ie/ei: piece receive ceiling
2、[i] 发音字母 i y e
i: sit picture it is list six mix fix
fit pig big build miss
y: myth many twenty happy dictionary
e: defect decide delicious
3、[e] 字母组合 ea e a
ea: head bread pleasure heaven
e : elephant electric remember sell shell lesson
better bed desk hotel yes
a : many any
4、[æ] 字母组合 a
a : bag hand and ant happy hat map mad bad black
back glad flag shall man
5、[ə:] 字母组合ir ur ear er or
ir: girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen
third bird
ur: hurt further
ear: learn earn earth heard
er: term her nerd serve
or: attorney
6、[ə] 字母组合 er or ou ar o a e ur
er: teacher leader remember player speaker
farmer powder
or: doctor actor mayor author tractor
ou: delicious gracious pleasure
ar: familiar collar dollar
o: together tomorrow today lesson Washington
control polite
a: around account ago elephant manta
banana Canada Japan china
e: heaven listen
ur: pursue Saturday
x /ks / box six fox
y /ai / my fly why bye
/ j / yes yellow
/ i / happy baby very
z / z / zoo zero
7、[a:] 字母组合 ar a
ar: car farm card arm garden
a: fast class last glass plant aunt calm
8、[۸] 发音字母 u o ou oo
u: up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus
o: come mother dose brother love above
ou: trouble rough flourish
oo: blood flood
9、[כ:] 字母组合 al or au our ar
al: small wall talk tall hall ball call
walk
or: short more lord horse for forty sport
door floor store
au: author caught autumn
our: four mourn court bought
ar: warm quarrel quarter
10、[כ] 发音字母 o a
o: hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss
collar not
a: want wash watch
11、[u:] 字母组合 oo o u
oo: food moon room gloom broom doom goose
tooth
o: shoe do two
u: true truth blue full prude
12、[u] 字母组合 oo ou u o
oo: look good foot book wood
ou: should could
u: put full bull pull push
o: woman wolf
13、[ai]字母组合 i y
i: bike like write right light might night
y: cycle bye shy
14、[ei]字母组合 ai a ei ay ea ey
ai: main gain rain wait
a: hate date gate fate
ei: eight neighbor
ay: say way stay pay delay
ea: great break
ey: they grey(灰色) prey(捕食)
15、[iə]字母组合 eer ea ere ear
eer: deer beer peer
ea: idea realize
ere: here mere sere
ear: ear near fear tear sear dear
16、[əu]字母组合 o ow oa
o: note broken coke vote no
ow: window wallow yellow hallow shadow
oa: boat road load
【辅音】音标发音
1、[p]字母组合:p
p: put push tap stop post
person
2、[b]字母组合:b
b: brother but bomb
3、[t] 字母组合:t
t: teacher student touch tell
4、[d]字母组合:d
d:down decide dirty doctor
5、[k]字母组合:c ch ck k
c: cook article
ch: school chemistry
k: back rock
6、[g]字母组合g
g: garden get give go
7、[f]字母组合:f gh ph
f: left scarf fun
gh: laugh tough rough
ph: elephant dolphin geography
8、[v]字母组合:v
v: vacation visit very
9、[s]字母组合:s c ss ce
s: student small skill sit sir
c: decide center criticize
ss: grass discuss glass class
ce: nice face rice mice
10.[z]字母组合:s z
s: reason always
z: size zoo
11.[θ]字母组合:th
th: thin through nothing both
12.[ ð]字母组合:th
th: weather whether other that
17、[uə]字母组合 oor ure uel
oor: poor
ure: sure cure pure
18、[au]字母组合 ow ou
ow: flower towel tower now down
ou: out about house mouse doubt mountain
19、[εə]字母组合 air ear are ere
air: air hair fair chair
ear: bear pear wear
are: share stare care fare dare
ere: where there
20、[כi]字母组合 oi oy
oi: soil boil spoil coin point join
oy: boy toy joy annoy soybean
13. [∫]字母组合: ch s sh
trip ch: machine s: sure
sh: brush fish fashion shy
14: [ʒ]字母组合:s
s: usual pleasure
15. [ts]字母组合:-ts -tes
ts: students sits -tes: kites
writes
16. [dz]字母组合: -ds -des
-ds: beds stands -des: tides rides
17. [t∫]字母组合:ch tch
ch:cheap beach tch: watch catch
18. [dʒ]字母组合:g ge j
g: giraffe(长颈鹿) gym geography.
ge: cabbage(卷心菜) bridge
j:joke juice enjoy
19. [tr]字母组合:trl
tr: trip try strong trumpet
20. [dr]字母组合:dr
dr: drink drawer drop
21. [m]字母组合:m mb mn
m: middle remember exam. mb: climb
comb. mn: autumn
22. [n]字母组合:n gn kn
n: menu rain noodle. gn: sign foreign
23. [ŋ]字母组合:ng
ng: strong sing hungry language
penguin uncle
24: [l] 字母组合:l
l:little lead love like noodle needle
turtle
25: [r]字母组合 : r wr
r: rule run right camera. wr: write
wrong j: yes , yellow
26;[h]字母组合:h 28 [w]字母组合:w
h: hello hole high w: wood wild water27:[j]字母组合:j
a:发音时嘴唇自然张大,舌放平,舌头中间微隆,声带颤动。
o:发音时嘴唇成圆形,微翘起,舌头向后缩,舌面后部隆起,舌居中,声带颤动。
e:发音时嘴半开,舌位靠后,嘴角向两边展开成扁形,声带颤动。
i:发音时,嘴微张成扁平状,舌尖抵住下齿龈,舌面抬高,靠近上硬腭,声带颤动。
u:发音时,嘴唇拢圆,突出成小孔,舌面后部隆起,声带颤动。
ü:发音时,嘴唇成圆形,接近闭拢,舌尖抵住下齿龈,舌面前部隆起,声带颤动。
b:发音时,双唇紧闭,阻碍气流,然后双唇突然放开,让气流冲出,读音轻短。
p:发音时,双唇紧闭,阻碍气流,然后双唇突然放开,气流迸出成音。
m:发音时,双唇紧闭,舌后缩,气流从鼻腔出来,打开嘴,声带颤动。
f:发音时,上齿触下唇形成窄缝,让气流从缝中挤出来,摩擦成声。
d:发音时,舌尖抵住上牙床,憋住气流后突然放开,气流从口腔迸出,爆发成音。
t:发音时,舌尖抵住上牙床,憋住气后,突然离开,气流从口中迸出。
n:发音时,舌尖抵住上牙床,气流从鼻腔通过,同时冲开舌尖的阻碍,声带颤动。
l:发音时,嘴唇稍开,舌尖抵住上牙床,声带颤动,气流从舌尖两边流出。 g:发音时,舌根前部抵住软腭阻碍气流,让气流冲破舌根的阻碍,爆发成音。
k:发音时,舌根前部,抵住上软腭,阻碍气流,让气流冲破舌根的阻碍,迸发成音。
h:发音时,舌根抬高,接近软腭,形成窄缝,气流从缝中挤出,摩擦成音。
j:发音时,舌尖抵住下门齿,舌面前部紧贴硬腭,气流从窄缝中冲出,摩擦成音。
q:发音时,舌面前部贴住硬腭,气流冲破舌根的阻碍,摩擦成音。
x:发音时,舌尖抵住下门齿,舌面前部抬高靠近硬腭,形成窄缝,气流从缝中挤出,摩擦成音。
zh:发音时,舌尖上翘,抵住硬腭前部,有较弱的气流冲开舌尖阻碍,从缝中挤出,摩擦成音。
ch:发音时,舌尖上翘,抵住硬腭前部,有较强的气流冲开舌尖阻碍,从缝中挤出,摩擦成音。
sh:发音时,舌尖上翘,靠近硬腭前部,留出窄缝,气流从窄缝中挤出,摩擦成音。
r:发音时,舌尖上翘,靠近硬腭前部,留出窄缝,嗓子用力发音,气流从窄缝中挤出,摩擦成音,声带颤动。
z:发音时,舌尖抵住上门齿背,阻碍气流,让较弱的气流冲开舌尖阻碍,从窄缝中挤出,摩擦成音。
c:发音时,舌尖抵住上门齿背,阻碍气流,让较强的气流从缝中挤出,摩擦成音。
s:发音时,舌尖接近上门齿背,留出窄缝,气流从舌尖的窄缝中挤出,摩擦成音。
y:发音时,嘴微张成扁平状,舌尖抵住下齿龈,舌面抬高,靠近上硬腭,声带颤动。
w:发音时,嘴唇拢圆,突出成小孔,舌面后部隆起,声带颤动。
ai:发音时,先发a的音,然后滑向i,气流不中断,读音轻短。
ei:发音时,先发e的音,然后滑向i,气流不中断,嘴角向两边展开。
ui:发音时,u的发音轻短,然后滑向ei,嘴形由圆到扁。
ao:发音时,先发a的音,然后舌尖后缩,舌根向上抬,嘴形拢成圆形,轻轻的滑向o。
ou:发音时,先发o的音,嘴唇渐收拢,舌根抬高,口型由大圆到小圆。
iu:发音时,先发i,然后向ou滑动,口型由扁到圆。
ie:发音时,先发i,再发e,气流不中断。
üe:发音时,先发ü的音,然后向e滑动,口型由圆到扁。
er:发音时,舌位居中发e的音,然后舌尖向硬腭卷起,两个字母同时发音。
an:发音时,先发a的音,然后舌尖逐渐抬起,顶住上牙床发n的音。
en:发音时,先发e的音,然后舌面抬高,舌尖抵住上牙床,气流从鼻腔泄出,发n的音。
in:发音时,先发i的音,然后舌尖抵住下门齿背,舌面渐至硬腭,气流从鼻腔泄出,发n的音。
un:发音时,先发u的音,然后舌尖抵住上牙床,接着发n的音,气流从鼻腔泄出。
ün:发音时,先发ü的音,然后舌头上抬,抵住上牙床,气流从鼻腔泄出,发n的音。
ang:发音时,先发a的音,然后舌根抵住上软腭,气流从鼻腔泄出,发后鼻音尾ng的音。
eng:发音时,先发e的音,然后舌尖抵住下牙床,舌根后缩抵住软腭发ng音,气流从鼻腔泄出。
ing:发音时,舌尖触下齿龈,舌面隆起至硬腭,鼻腔共鸣成声。
ong:发音时,先发o的音,然后舌根后缩抵住软腭,舌面隆起,嘴唇拢圆,鼻腔共鸣成声。
“W”是汉语拼音的声母,但有些人发一个完整的音节比如“wan 弯”时发的却是“van”,即上门牙要触碰下嘴唇。懂声乐技巧的人都知道在唱歌发声的时候发“W”为声母的音节比如“wan 弯”时,是应严格按“W”发音的,即上门牙不触碰下嘴唇而是圆口形,这样发出(唱出)的音比较圆润动听
IPA &KK 对照表
IPA:国际音标 48 个 元音:20个,辅音:28个
区别:1书写形式的不同.如:i: (IPA)------i (K.K.) 等.2.发音的个别不同.美式中加入卷舌音,而英式中没有卷舌音.如ə:(IPA)------ɝ (K.K.)3.此表中在最末加上了几个常见特殊的组合音标。
发音口形
KK
IPA
i:
i
u:
u
ɔ:
ɔ
ə:
ə
i
ı
u
υ
ɔ
ɔ
ɝ
ɚ
发此音的字母或字母组合及例举单词
备注:轻松音简写“轻”,紧张音简写“紧”。舌抵下齿简写“↘”抵上齿“↗”。舌后缩简写“←”。发音口形主要是讲解KK音标。*.双元音(KK中称双母音)发音时要做到非常连贯。
紧,长衣,↘,面带微笑
轻,短衣,↘,唇微张开
紧,长乌,←,圆唇外突
轻,短乌,←,稍圆且松
紧,长喔,←,唇小圆突
轻,短喔,←,唇小圆突
重读“儿”音,一开始就卷舌
轻读卷舌音,前舌由e, ee, ea, ie,y me, sea, piece, bee,lady
i, y, esit, happy, decide
oo, o, ue, ui,ew flew ,cool, fruit,
true, do
oo, ou, o, u ,look, could, put, wolf
au, ou, al, aw,,author,call,law, bought
o, a, hot, wash,
ir, ur, ear, or,bird, turn, learn, work
中元音
er, or, ar, ur, pleasure,teacher,
后元音
前元音
平向卷
ə
ɑ:
ʌ
ei
e
æ
ɑr
ɑ
ʌ
e
ε
æ
actor,dollar
delicious, 轻读或弱读,“饿”音 u,ou,o,a,i album,ago,
today,direct
ɑ的二声的儿话音
紧,啊音,
轻 ↘ 短啊四声 唇微开向两边
口由半开到合 嘴角咧到耳朵
小开口45度音
紧,↘,嘴张大,嘴角向两边
饱满“阿姨”音 口由开到合
口形由半开到小,发“呕”音
口形由大到小 发“嗷”音
唇由圆到扁,←,
唇由圆到半开,短乌卷舌音
唇始终半开,短衣卷舌音
↘ 唇始终半开 舌由平到卷
短喔的儿化音,←
ar, farm, car
a,calm
后元音
中元音
合口双元音
u, o, ou, oo,luck,love,trouble,flood
a, ay, ea, ey, ai,eigh ,say, cake, great,
rain
e, a, ea,set, head, many
a, fat
双元音
前元音
ɑi
əu
ɑu
ɔi
υə
iə
eə
ɔr
ju
ɔŋ
tw
ƙs
dw
kw
ɑı
o
ɑυ
ɔı
υr
ır
ɛr
i, y, igh,ie high, line, fly,die
o, ow, oa,oe no, know, boat,toe
合口双元音
ou, ow, house, cow
oy, oi,boy, oil, noise
ure, oor, our, sure, poor, tour
eer, ere, ear, ier,deer, here,year,
fierce
ear, air, are, erebear, fare, there, fair
our, or, ore,four, lord, more, store,
特例补充(KK音标)
u, ew, student, new,
ong,song, long
tw,twin, twenty
x,box, fox
dw,dwell, dwarf
qu, question, quick
k和n在词首的组合,k不发音
G在n前不发音.
H和元音同时出现且在字尾时不发音.在ex后和偶尔在字首不发音.
集中双元音
2012.5.1 wuzhangwei
p
b
t
d
k
g
f
p 气流冲破紧闭的双唇且无声
b 气流冲破紧闭的双唇声带震动
t
舌尖抵上齿龈弹开舌头且无声
p, pen, bag(n,s,t之前不发音)
b,bite.(在t或m前不发音)
t, tw,tear, fit, two(sten –stle中t不发音)
d,dark, afford
k,c,ch,ck,lk cock king, cake,
school, box,
气破双唇音(爆破音)
舌尖齿龈气音(爆破音)
d 同上,但声带必须震动
k
g
f
舌后部抵住软腭突然离开无声
同上,但声带必须震动
上齿触下唇,气流从此出无声
气破舌根软鄂音(爆g,gh(词首发本音 词中不发音) girl,
破音)
ghost
f,ff,gh,ph,lf
phone,shelf
face,off,laugh, 唇齿相依摩擦音(摩擦音)
v
s
z
v 同上,但声带必须震动
s
唇微微张开 舌近上齿才出气
v view, cave
s, c, ce, ss sick, ceilling, cell,
气通舌尖齿龈音(摩kiss
擦音)
z, se, ze zoo, shoes, choose, size
th, thank, mouth
唯一咬舌音(摩擦音)
th, this, the, there
sh, ti, ci, s,si,ssi,sci ship,
舌端齿龈气擦音(摩motion, social, sure
擦音)
S,si,g pleasure, usual,vision,rouge
h, wh, hi, who(h在r或k之后不发音)
r,right, red
ch,t tch, church,nature, match
气通舌尖齿龈音(破擦音)
ge,dge d j g .age,judge,education
vegetable, join, joy,
tr, tree, country
dr, dress, dry, hundred
ts,boots, nuts
ds, woods,
m man, name (nm组合出现时,n不发音)
n, kn,nn nice, knife, nine,runner
n,gn can sign(n和m同时出现n不发音)
-ng, n sing, English(ng发| ŋ g |)
l,light, lose (l在alk,alm,alf,ould中不发音)
l,fall, call
w, wh wet, window, when, what (w和r组合出现在词首时,w不发音)
y,i year, yell,onion
双唇闭嘴音(鼻音)
舌尖齿龈开口鼻音(鼻音)
舌后软鄂撒娇鼻音(鼻音)
舌尖齿龈清晰旁流音(舌边音)
舌尖齿龈含糊旁流音(舌边音)
圆唇突出短我音(半元音)
双唇扁平短爷音(半元音)
大口喘气音(摩擦音)
四指卷舌音(摩擦音)
z 同上,但声带必须震动
θ θ
上下齿轻轻咬舌尖且吐气无声
ð ð 同上,但声带必须震动
唇收圆稍突 舌稍卷近舌无声
∫ ∫
ӡ
h
r
ʧ
ӡ 同上,但声带必须震动
h
r
ʧ
嘴自然张开,呵气,无声
舌尖上卷,唇突,声带振动
元音后读儿
双唇微张突出 舌抵上龈且吐气无声
同上,但声带必须震动
唇收圆前突,舌尖抵上龈 赌气,使气从间出无声
ʤ ʤ
tr tr
dr dr 同上,但声带振动
ts ts 舌尖抵上龈 赌气,使气从间出
dz dz 同上,但声带必须震动
m m
元音前发“门儿”
元音后发“嗯”,鼻音口紧闭
元音前发“了”
n n
元音后发“嗯”,鼻音口半开
唇张开,舌抵下齿龈,舌后部抵软腭,鼻音,声带振动
元音前发“了”
元音前发“儿”
唇缩小前突 舌后起,嘴向两边滑开,声带振动
做呈微笑状,舌尖抵下齿,舌面贴上腭,声带振动
ŋ ŋ
ℓ
ℓ
ł
w
j
w
j
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