第3版重排版)学习指南-Lesson 2 Hiroshima—the “L

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Lesson 2 Hiroshima—the “Liveliest” City in Japan (Excerpts)

一、词汇短语

1. reportorial

2. preoccupation

adj.

reporting报告的，报道的

n.

an idea that

preoccupies the mind and holds the attention当务之急，使人全神贯注的事物：Their chief preoccupation was how to feed their families.他们关注的首要事情是如何养家糊口。

3. kimono

n.

a traditional piece of Japanese clothing like a long

loose coat, worn at special ceremonies和服

4. bob

vi.

to move up and down上下移动：a cork bobbing on the water软木浮标在水中上下漂动

5. ritual

adj.

of or having the nature of, or done as a rite or rites仪式的，典礼的 n.

old rules and regulations; convention例行公事，老规矩：Many of the tribe’s customs and rituals are as old as the hills.这部落的许多风俗、仪式都极其古老。

6. façade

n.

the front side正面：the ornate facade of the Palace宫殿装饰华丽的正面

7. grocery

n.

a store selling foodstuffs and various household

supplies杂货店：He was employed at the local grocery store as a delivery

boy.他受雇于当地杂货店当送货员。

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8. martyr

害

9. martyred

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vt.

to kill, especially to put to death for religious beliefs杀 adj.

killed or destroyed because of someone’s belief被杀害的，受折磨的

10. lurch

vi.

a). to walk or move suddenly in an uncontrolled or

unsteady way东歪西倒，蹒跚；b). to roll or pitch suddenly or erratically突然倾斜：The ship lurched in the storm.小船在风暴中突然倾斜。

11. screech

vi.

to make a sound suggestive of a screech发出尖锐的声音：Tires screeched on the wet pavement.车胎在潮湿的路面上发出刺耳的声音。

12. intermezzo

two acts of a play戏剧，插曲

13. gigantic

n.

a brief entertainment between

adj.

very large or extensive巨大的，庞大的：a

gigantic corporation一个巨大的团体

14. usher

n.

an official doorkeeper, as in a courtroom or legislative

chamber门房，传达员

15. heave

vt.

to utter with effort or pain发出（叹息，呻吟等）：heave a groan

of despair发出绝望的呻吟

16. embankment

n.

a wide wall of earth or stones built to

stop water from flooding an area, or to support a road or railway堤防，筑堤：The embankment was washed out by the storm.堤岸被暴风雨摧毁了。

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17. barge

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n.

a large, open pleasure boat used for parties, pageants or

formal ceremonies大游艇

18. moor

vt.

to make fast (a vessel, for example) by means of cables,

anchors or lines停泊，固定，系住：moor a ship to a dock把船系在甲板上

19. arresting

adj.

attracting and holding the attention; striking引人注意的，显著的：He has a pleasant and even arresting face.他有一个讨人喜欢，甚至吸引人注意的面孔。

20. spectacle

n.

a very impressive show or scene景观，奇观：Viewed from the top of Mount Tai, the sunrise was indeed a spectacle.从泰山顶上看去，日出真是个奇观。

21. beige

22. incessant

adj.

grayish-tan浅褐色的；米黄色的

adj.

never ceasing; continuing or being repeated

without stopping or in a way that seems endless; constant不断的，不停的，连续的

23. twinge

tooth一阵牙痛

24. crush

n.

a sharp, sudden physical pain剧痛，疼痛：a twinge in

vt.

a). to break, pound, or grind (stone or ore, for example) into

small fragments or powder压碎；b). to put down; subdue镇压，制服：crush

the rebellion平定叛乱

25. bombardment

n.

a continuous attack on a place by

big guns and bombs炮击，轰击：The fall of the city followed heavy

bombardment.城市受到猛烈轰炸后沦陷。

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26. slay

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vt.

to kill violently杀害，毁灭：The soldiers slain in the battle were

buried that night.在那天夜晚埋葬了在战斗中牺牲了的战士。

27. linger

v.

a). to remain feebly alive for some time before dying苟延，历久犹存；b). to pass (a period of time) in a leisurely or aimless manner挨过，拖延（时间），苟延（残生）：We lingered away the whole summer at the

beach.我们在海滩上消磨掉整个夏天。

28. agony

n.

the suffering of intense physical or mental pain苦恼，极大的痛苦：He was in an agony of remorse.他处于极端悔恨之中。

29. inhibit

vt.

to hold back; restrain抑制，约束：He tries to inhibit

wrong desires.他尽力抑制邪念。

30. spinal

adj.

of, relating to the spine or spinal cord脊骨的，脊髓的：spinal injury脊椎的伤

31. agitated

adj.

shaken; perturbed; excited颤抖的；不安的，激动的：be in an agitated emotional state处于一种情绪激动不安的情形

32. reverie

n.

a state of abstracted musing; daydreaming幻想，白日梦：He was so lost in reverie that he did not hear the doorbell ring.他深深陷入幻想，连门铃声都没听见。

33. oyster

n.

a type of shellfish that can be eaten cooked or

uncooked, and that produces a jewel called a pearl牡蛎，蚝

34. heinous

adj.

very shocking and immoral可憎的，极恶的，十恶不赦的：a heinous crime十恶不赦的罪犯

35. cataclysm

n.

a violent or sudden event or change, such

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as a serious flood or earthquake灾变，灾难：The flood was a cataclysm

from which the local people never recovered经历了这场特大洪水，当地人民元气大伤，很难恢复。

36. demolish

vt.

to do away with completely; put an end to拆除，破坏，毁坏：The fire demolished the town.大火烧毁了这座城镇。

37. formaldehyde

n.

a strong-smelling gas that can

be mixed with water and used for preserving things such as dead

animals to be used in science etc.[化]甲醛

38. ether

n.

a clear liquid used in the past as an anaesthetic to make

people sleep before an operation[化]醚，乙醚

39. stretcher

n.

a light frame covered with canvas, etc. and used

for carrying the sick, injured or dead担架

40. nickel-plated

41. pajamas

in bed睡衣，宽长裤

42. humiliate

adj.

镀镍的

n.

a soft pair of trousers and a top that you wear

vt.

to make someone feel ashamed or

stupid, especially when other people are present使屈辱，使丢脸：The

country was humiliated by defeat.该国因战败而受辱。

43. prejudice

prejudice社会偏见

44. genetic ] adj.

of or relating to genetics or genes基因的，遗传 n.

a partial preference or idea成见，偏见：social

的：a genetic disorder基因失调

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45. ward

of patients病房

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n.

a room or division of a hospital set apart for a specific group

二、课文精解

1. Hiroshima：广岛，位于大阪和神户西面，南靠濑户内海，北临日本海。1945年8月6日，该城遭到美国轰炸机“埃诺拉·盖伊”号扔下的原子弹的轰炸。广岛于1950年开始有规划性的重建工作，并成为日本其中一个最大的工业城巿。

2. Hiroshima—the “Liveliest” City in Japan：此处运用了irony（反语）修辞手法，作者用“liveliest”（最具活力的）来修饰曾经遭受原子弹轰炸的广岛，显然带有讽刺的意味。

3. And secondly, because I had a lump in my throat and a lot of sad thoughts on my

mind that had little to do with anything a Nippon railways official might say：习语have a lump in the throat意为“喉咙哽住，哽咽（因激动所致）”，如：Sam’s mother

had a lump in her throat at his college graduation.在萨姆的大学毕业典礼上，他母亲激动得哽咽欲泣。on one’s mind占领某人的思绪，一直在想，如：These thoughts

thronged on my mind.这些思绪交集在我的心头。have to do with与……有关。

4. Little girls and elderly ladies in kimonos rubbed shoulders with teenagers and

women in western dress：rub shoulders with与(人们)联系，交往，并肩，这里指“身着和服的小姑娘和老太太们与一身西装打扮的少年和女郎摩肩接踵”。

5. Serious looking men spoke to one another as if they were oblivious of the crowds

about them：be oblivious of“未察觉，不注意”，该短语可替换为be oblivious to。 6 / 26