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2024年1月4日发(作者:perpendicular lines)

英语国际音标表(48个)

元音(20个)

长元音

/ɑ:/

啊(长音)

短元音

/ʌ/

/eɪ/

和拼音的“ei”一样

双元音

/ɪə/

一而

/əU/

/ɔ:/ /ə:/ /i:/

一(长音)

/ɪ/

/U:/

屋(长音)

/U:/

/e/

/æ/

奥(长音) 额(长音)

/ɔ/

/aɪ/

/eə/

挨而

/aU/

/ə/

/ɔɪ/

/Uə/

勿而

辅音(28个)

轻辅音

/p/

/t/

/d/

/h/

/r/

/n/

/ w/

边音

/ǀ/

/k/

/g/

/ts/

差(ci)

/f/

/v/

/tʃ/

/dʒ/

/θ/

四(咬舌音)

/ð/

字(咬舌音)

/tr/

/s/

/z/

浊辅音

/b/

/ʃ/

轻辅音

浊辅音

鼻音

/ʒ/

/m/

/dz/

/dr/

/ŋ/

半元音

/j/

英语音标及字母组合对照

一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音

1-01

元音字母

在开音节中

a

在闭音节中

在开音节中

e

在闭音节中

在开音节中

i

在闭音节中

读 音 例 词

[ei] name plane Jane baby cake

[æ] bag dad hat map black back 1-02

[i:] he these me Chinese 1-03

[e] bed let pen desk yes egg 1-04

[ai] bike fly drive time nice kite 1-05

[i] fish big drink sit milk swim 1-06

在开音节中

[ou] those close go hoe home no 1-07

o

在闭音节中

[] clock not box shop sock 1-08

在开音节中

[ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday 1-09

u

在闭音节中

[] bus cup jump much lunch 1-10

在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音,例如:June blue ruler super 1-11

二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音

元音字读 音 例 词

a

[] China another woman breakfast 2-01

[i] orange comrade village cabbage 2-02

e

[] hundred student open weekend 2-03

[i] chicken pocket begin children 2-04

i

[]/[i] holiday beautiful family animal 2-05

[ai] exercise satellite 2-06

o

[] second tonight somebody welcome 2-07

[u] also zero photo 2-08

u

[] autumn diffcult 2-09

[ju:] popular congratulation January 2-10

1 动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[ei]音,例如:operate 2 u处在开音节位置,

2-11

又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读[u(:)]音,例如:July influence February issue 2-12

在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母a e i 即可以读作[音,也可以读作[i]音。

]

三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音

元音字母

a在[w]音后面

a在f n sk ph

sp ss st th前

i在-nd -ld和gh前

o在-st -ld前

o在m n v th前

[读 音 例 词

[] want what watch wash quality 3-01

after plant graph ask grasp

glass fast father

find child light high

most postcard old cold

] come monkey love mother

[α:] 3-02

[ai]

[ou]

3-03

3-04

3-05

四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组

ar

ar在[w]音后面

or

or在[w]音后面

er ir ur

[[[[读 音

[α:]

例 词

car farm dark sharpener 4-01

:] warm quarter towards 4-02

:] forty morning short

:] word worker worse

4-03

4-04

:] certainly bird Thursday 4-05

辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。4-06

例如: carry sorry hurry

-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[teacher martyr forget Saturday

五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组

are

ere [iire [aiore [ure [ju[ε]

care dare hare 5-01

5-02

5-03

5-04

5-05

5-06

读 音 例 词

]音,例如:dollar

4-07

] here mere

] fire hire wire

:] more score before

] pure cure

are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读[]音,例如:picture pleasure

重读元音字母加Rr,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母Rr读[r]音。例如:parent zero story during inspiring

5-07

某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如:orange very American paragraph 5-08

六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音

元音字组

ai/ay

air

al

al在f m前

au/aw [[i:]

ea [e]

[ei]

[iear [ε[ee

eer

ei/ey

eu/ew在

j l r s后

ie/ei[s]音之后

oa

oar/oor

oi/oy

oo

ou/ow

[[[u:]

[u]

[au]

[i[ei]

[i:]

[ju:]

[u:]

[i:]

[ou]

[i:]

[ε[[[α:]

读 音

[ei]

例 词

afraid rain wait day play

] air hair chair pair repair

] small ball talk wall all

:l] a lways also salt almost

half calm

:] autumn daughter draw

teach easy cheap please

heavy

weather

break great

] hear dear near clear year

] bear pear wear swear

:] earth learn early

jeep week green three

] pioneer deer beer

eight neighbour they

either key

new few newspaper

flew brew jewelry

piece field receive

coat Joan boat goal

:] roar board door floor

i] noise point boy toilet

broom food tooth school

book look cook foot good

flower house count down

bread sweater

6-01

6-02

6-03

6-04

6-05

6-06

6-07

6-08

6-09

6-10

6-11

6-12

6-13

6-14

6-15

6-16

6-17

6-18

6-19

6-20

6-21

6-22

6-23

6-24

6-25

[ou]

[[u:]

[our [au[ui

在j l r s后

七、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音

元音字组或字群

ai/ay

ei/ey

[i]

读 音

[ju:i]

[u:]

know row throw though

] young country enough

group you soup

:] course your four

] our hour ours

:] journey

fluid suicide tuition

juice fruit suit

6-26

6-27

6-28

6-29

6-30

6-31

6-32

6-33

例 词

Sunday

foreign

monkey

yellow

7-01

ow [ou] sparrow

tomorrow

7-02

元音字组在非重读音节中读[serious famous biscuit coffee

-sion

-tion

-sion在元音字母后

-tion在s[n]

[n]

[n]

]音或[i]。例如:neighbour 7-03

impressio7-0n nation 4

vision

decision

occasion

7-05

question

suggestio7-06

-sten

-stle

-sure

-ture

八、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音

复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。

例如: everyday[ei]

:]

[]

[]

[sn]

n

listen

7-07

7-08

7-09

7-10

[sl] whistle

pleasure

measure

picture

culture

8-01

handbag[æ]

blackboard[ 有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。

例如:

sun太阳 + day[ei]日子 > Sunday[i] 星期天

holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 > holiday[i] 假日

break中断 + fast[α:]斋戒 >

8-02

breakfast[ cup茶杯 + board木板[cupboard[

九、辅字组的读音

辅字组 读 音

[b]

[/]

[k]

] 早餐

:] >

] 碗柜

例 词

bike bus bag

bomb tomb

cake

music

picture coat

9-01

9-02

9-03

b

c

c在e前或在i/y前

[s]

[ch

]

face decide cinema

much

teacher

school

chemistry

] machine Chicago

headache

chick rich

9-04

9-05

[k]

[9-06

9-07

9-08 -ck [k]

cock pocket black

knock

doctor bread hand

day

] bridge fridge

d

-dge

dr-

f

g

g在e i/y前

gh

gu- -gue

gu在非重读音节中

h

[[[[[[d] 9-09

9-10

[dr]

[f]

children driver drink 9-11

five four breakfast

] bag gardon go

9-12

9-13

] orange large German 9-14

[f]

[/]

cough enough

light daughter high

9-15

9-16

] guess league dialogue 9-17

w] language anguish

[h]

[/]

9-18

hot head house hand 9-19

hour honest

]

jeep jar joke join

July

kind bike skate make

week

knife know knock

life milk school tall

monkey

autumn

autumn

come

9-20

9-21 j [k

kn-

l

m

-mn

[k]

[n]

[l]

[m]

[m]

9-22

9-23

9-24

9-25

column 9-26

solemn

n

n在[k] [g]音前

-ng

[[[n] not shine ten note 9-27

] uncle thank hungry 9-28

]

morning

wrong

paper plane pig ship

pen

elephant

telephone

Iraq

quality quite

red rubber ruler

sit sleep desk

young

9-29

p [p] 9-30

ph

q

qu-

r

s在词首或清辅音前

元音字母间或浊辅音前

sc-

sh

t在通常情况下

在弱读字母ia ie io前

tch

th在通常情况下

在冠词 代词 介词 连词中

在词尾-the -ther中

tr-

v

[[[[[[f]

[k]

[kw]

[r]

[s]

photo

9-31

9-32

9-33

9-34

9-35

[z] music husband 9-36

[sk]

[s]

scarlet

muscle science

] she fish shirt wash

9-37

9-38

9-39

9-40

9-41

9-42

9-43

9-44

[t] ten letter meet

] patient nation

] watch

[θ] thin thirty method

] the these with than

] clothe father weather 9-45

[tr]

[v]

tree train country

truck

9-46

very voice love leave 9-47

w

[w]

[/]

week win wake sweet

9-48

wait

answer two 9-49

wh-

wh-在字母o前

x

在重读元音前

wr-

y-

z

十、英语语音名词解释

[w]

[h]

[ks]

[gz]

[r]

[j]

[z]

what when white why 9-50

who whose whole

box text exercise

examle exist exact

write

yes

young

puzzle zero zoo

yard yellow

9-51

9-52

9-53

9-54

9-55

9-56

1.音节 以元音为主体构成的发音单位,一般说来元音发音响亮,可以构成音节,辅音发音不响亮,不能单独构成音节([m] [n] [例外)。从单词拼写形式上看,有几个元字组就有几个音节。

2.音节的划分 ①在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时,一个辅字组属于前面的音节,一个属于后面的音节。

例如:let-ter mem-ber chil-dren daugh-ter

②在两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时,如果前面音节里的元音是长音则辅字组属于后面一个音节,如果前面一个音节里的元音是短音,则辅字组属于前面一个音节。

例如:长音 pa-per stu-dent fa-ther ze-ro mo-tor far-ther

短音 sev-en stud-y moth-er ver-y mod-le weath-er

3.重读音节 单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时,应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节,标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。

4.开音节 ①绝对开音节:单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节。例如:no blue ba-by

stu-dent se-cret.

②相对开音节:单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母,再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。例如:name these bike home ex-cuse.

5.闭音节 单个元音字母后面有辅字组(r w y 除外)且以辅字组结尾的重读音节。例如:bag egg fish not cup

6.双音节词重读规则 双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。

0-05

0-06

0-04

0-03

0-02

] [l]0-01

例如:´stu-dent ´Chi-na ´sec-ond ´au-tumn in-´deed

含有a- be- de- re- in- ex- 等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。双音节词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变。例如:

a´bout be´fore ex´cuse re´pair for-´get-ful in-´ven-tor

7.多音节词重读规则 多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。

例如:´el-e-phant con-grat-u-´la-tion

词尾有-ic或的词,在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音0-07

-tion,-sion节上重读。例如:scien´tific im´pression ´nation

谢谢您的使用!


本文标签: 音节 元音 读音节 字组 字母