化训练 Unit 4 Reading and Thinking—Comprehending学案

Just because you are in a wheelchair doesn’t mean you can’t enjoy the competitiveness

—the all­around fun that playing sports offers and more wheelchair users are playing

sports every day—some even on a professional following information is just a few

examples of what gaming opportunities you have.

Wheelchair basketball is a very common wheelchair was started over forty years ago

as a medical recovering program，and over the years has grown wheelchair

basketball is a professional sport that offers more than 180 teams across the United order

to play wheelchair basketball，it is essential to have a lightweight l sports

wheelchairs are on the market today just for sports enthusiasts.

Another wheelchair sport，quad rugby，was specifically designed for quadriplegics(四肢瘫痪者) who are unable to play wheelchair is a mixture of wheelchair basketball and

ice play the game you must have two teams of four players player is

classified based on impairment(损伤)．

Power soccer is another fun wheelchair sport that can be very fun and s in

power soccer must have an electric teams have two 30­minute halves to push the

soccer ball over the other team’s goal first team to reach the other team’s goal line

most frequently wins.

And finally，based on the sport you choose to participate in，there are several wheelchair

sports accessories available for you，including belts and harnesses，gloves，bags for carrying

items，drink holders and special back supports.

靓句运用于写作

①I’m writing to inform you of what you should do before the game.(2019·全国Ⅱ，书面表达)

②Rooted in the Tang Dynasty，the poems have attracted a lot of people.

(2017·全国Ⅰ，书面表达)

②①

Period One Reading and Thinking—Comprehending

品句猜词——请预读下列课文原句，并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思。

1．At the age of 19，I am fit and full of vigour.精力；力量；活力

2．However，when I applied to join the expedition，Shackleton turned me down because he

thought I was too young and wasn’t qualified.拒绝 符合资格

3．He assigned me to be a steward，and I now serve meals for twenty­eight men，three times a day.

分派；布置；分配

4．How everyone will envy me when I come back and tell them about the amazing places I have

been to！羡慕；妒忌

5．And when the ship sank，our hearts sank with it.下沉

6．Their genuine concern for others，their perseverance，and their resolve fill me with hope.

真诚的 毅力 决心

Step 1 Fast­reading

1．What does the passage mainly tell us?

A．Perce Blackborow admired Shackleton very much.

B．Shackleton took Perce Blackborow to the ship.

C．Perce Blackborow’s diary about the great expedition.

D．Perce Blackborow missed his mother very much.

答案 C

the passage and judge whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F)．

(1)Perce Blackborow went aboard the Endurance in secret.(T)

(2)Blackborow was discovered the day when he went aboard.(F)

(3)The crew felt hopeless when the ship became stuck in the ice.(T)

(4)There were many visitors at Elephant Island.(F)

(5)There were a lot of plants at Elephant Island.(F)

Step 2 Careful­reading

Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.

1．When Perce Blackborow was assigned to be a steward at first，he was .

A．angry and disappointed

B．satisfied and excited

C．hopeless and disappointed

D．worried and angry

答案 B

2．Why did Shackleton allow Hussey to keep his banjo?

A．Because the banjo was valuable.

B．Because Shackleton liked the banjo.

C．Because Hussey could play it to keep their spirits up.

D．Because the banjo was small.

答案 C

3．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

A．While they were at Elephant Island，they fed on a seal or a penguin.

B．Shackleton left Elephant Island for help by himself.

C．Frank was the kindest man of all the crew.

D．Thomas Orde­Lees was a little selfish and bad­tempered.

答案 C

4．We can learn from the passage that Ernest Shackleton was .

A．strong­minded and selfless

B．strong­minded but selfish

C．greedy and cruel

D．stubborn and selfish

答案 A

Step 3 Post­reading

After reading the passage，please fill in the following blanks.

An expedition to the South Pole with the great Sir Ernest Shackleton—this is the adventure

that I been dreaming(dream) r, I applied to join the expedition，Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn’t ied

(qualify)，so I secretly went aboard his ship，the I discovered(discover) and

Shackleton had to assign me to be 5.a journey wasn’t very easy，for Endurance was

stuck in the ice as we approached when the ship sank，our hearts sank with it.

Before we abandoned the ship，Shackleton (calm) told us to rescue our most essential

supplies and he f(he) threw away all his allowed Hussey to keep his

banjo, made us had been struggling for days，but things were going from bad

to after we arrived at Elephant Island，Shackleton left us to find mes we

were able to catch a seal or a penguin to eat.I tried to think of r(happy) things.I was

grateful，for Frank and Ernest’s genuine concern for others，their perseverance，and their resolve

filled me hope.

Step 4 Sentence­learning

1．However，when I applied to join the expedition，Shackleton turned me down because he thought

I was too young and wasn’t qualified.

[句式分析] 该句为复合句。Shackleton turned me down是主句；when引导时间状语从句；because引导原因状语从句；在原因状语从句中，he thought是主句；I was too young and

wasn’t qualified是宾语从句。

[自主翻译] 但是，我申请加入这次探险时，沙克尔顿拒绝了我，因为他认为我太年轻，不够资格。

2．But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his

ship，the Endurance，and hid in a small cupboard.

[句式分析] 该句为复合句。so...如此……以至于……，引导结果状语从句。

[自主翻译] 但是我对和他们一起去的想法那么热衷，以至于我偷偷上了他的船——“坚忍”号，藏在一个小壁橱里。

3．Soon after we arrived，Shackleton left us to find help on South Georgia Island,1,320 kilometres

away—the voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make it in our small boats.

[句式分析] 此句是复合句。soon after引导时间状语从句；Shackleton left us to find help是主句；破折号表示解释说明；意为“太……而不能……”。

[自主翻译] 我们到达后不久，沙克尔顿就离开我们去1 320公里外的南乔治亚岛寻求帮助了，那趟旅行非常危险、非常艰难，我们乘着小船是无法到达的。

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

Just a couple of hours ago，I was on the plane，ready to fly home from flight had

been delayed by a few hours so it felt good to be so close to takeoff.I had my iPod in place and a

new book to ，over the loudspeaker came the pilot’s voice：“The ground crew has

found a metal instrument in one regret that we must cancel this flight.”

The passengers’ reactions that announcement led to were man close to me

began to argue with a flight attendant.A couple in another row complained loudly.A businessman

in a black suit actually kicked the seat in front of some passengers responded differently.

An elderly gentleman smiled as he helped others take their bags down from the overhead

compartments(行李厢)．A teenager，rather than trying to rush off the plane like most of the other

passengers，stopped to help a woman with a lady sitting next to me laughed and

said，“Hey，it’s not the end of the world，” before she made a call to her kids and shared her

adventure with wisest among us have a remarkable ability to maintain grounded when

times get tough.

No life is perfect；mine certainly isn’ all must face challenges，both large and small.

You and I have the power to choose to rise above the external always have the

choice to be strong and kind when things fall apart.

That’s grace under seatmate was right—things could have been so much worse.

Anyway，I am safe.I have my health.I have two wonderful children.I have work I love and so

much to be grateful I now have to wait a few hours to catch the next flight home.

语篇解读 作者在本文中讲述了乘务员宣布航班取消时乘客们的不同反应，表达了在应对人生中的挑战和挫折时的正确态度。

1．What caused the passengers’ different reactions?

A．The loudspeaker.

B．The delay of the flight.

C．The ground crew’s fault.

D．The pilot’s announcement.

答案 D

解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“The passengers’ reactions that announcement led to

were interesting.”可知，是乘务员的通知导致人们的不同反应。故选D。

2．Who turned his anger on the seat?

A．The teenager helping the disabled.

B．The old man taking bags down.

C．The man in a dark suit.

D．The man close to the author.

答案 C

解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“A businessman in a black suit actually kicked the seat

in front of him.”可知，一个穿黑色西服的商人把怒气发泄到座位上。故选C。

3．What did the woman sitting next to the author doA．She assisted a disabled woman.

B．She made a phone call to her family.

C．She helped others carry their luggage.

?

D．She told moving stories to her children.

答案 B

解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The lady sitting next to me laughed and said，‘Hey，it’s not the end of the world，’ before she made a call to her kids and shared her adventure with

them.”可知答案。

4．What can we learn from the story?

A．Our life is full of ups and downs.

B．It is natural to be scared under pressure.

C．We should help each other in times of difficulty.

D．We should be positive and calm when life is hard.

答案 D

解析 推理判断题。根据最后两段可知，作者认为，在面对生活中的挫折和困难时，应该保持乐观和冷静的心态。故选D。

B

No one can deny that LeBron James gets paid a lot of money—but no one can deny that he

hasn’t earned it ’s broken the records of greats like Michael Jordan and Magic

’s a talent.

Professional athletes like LeBron give their lives to their sport—to training，traveling，and

pushing themselves to the while their lives may seem glamorous，think about this:

Athletes face injuries that can be not only career­ending but also life­ fact，many

retired athletes have long­term health problems because of how hard they push on their bodies.

Retired New York Jets player Wesley Walker said that he suffered so much pain as a result of

playing football that today he can hardly open a water bottle.

The toll (代价) a professional athlete’s career takes on his or her body means more than a

lifetime of pain (and medical bills); it also means a short es need to pay the price that

will carry them past the 5 to 15 years they are able to play.

Without the show­stopping performances of stars like Serena Williams and Stephen Curry，many jobs wouldn’t reporters，stadium workers，cheerleaders，and coaches are

among those who can thank the professional sports industry for their employment.

It may seem unfair that athletes get paid to play a game，but remember who they are really

playing for: ’re the ones who fill stadiums in rain and snow to watch their games，who

crowd around the television to cheer them on，and who feel immeasurable joy when our team

wins.

The work of professional athletes certainly pays off for n’t it pay off for them

too?

语篇解读 本文是议论文。文章论述了职业运动员值得获得高额薪酬的原因。

5．What does the underlined word “glamorous” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?

A．Difficult.

C．Attractive.

答案 C

解析 词义猜测题。根据第二段中画线词所在句可知，虽然运动员的生活看起来很“吸引人”，但是运动带给他们的伤痛不仅会终止他们的职业生涯还会改变他们的人生。故选C。

6．Which of the following may the author agree with?

A．Professional athletes have no idea about their limits.

B．Injuries are a problem for professional athletes.

C．Retired professional athletes are badly treated.

D．Professional athletes’ careers are short.

答案 B

解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“many retired athletes have long­term health

he can hardly open a water bottle”及第三段中的“The toll(代价) a professional

athlete’s career takes on his or her body means more than a lifetime of pain(and medical bills)”可知，很多职业运动员都会受到伤病的困扰。

7．What is the author’s attitude to athletes’ high salaries?

A．Doubtful.

C．Supportive.

答案 C

解析 观点态度题。根据第三段中的“Athletes need to pay the price that will carry them past

the 5 to 15 years they are able to play”以及第四、五段的内容可知，职业运动员忍受着伤痛并要为巨额的医疗费买单，此外他们也带动了体育行业的发展，为很多人提供了就业机会，因此作者认为职业运动员应该得到高额的薪酬。

8．What is the best title for the text?

A．The Most Impressive Athletes

B．You Can’t Put a Price on Talent

C．You Shouldn’t Push Athletes Hard

D．Salaries in the Professional Sports Industry

答案 B

解析 标题归纳题。根据文中作者对职业运动员该得到高额薪酬的论述及最后一段的内容可知，人们不能给天才定价，他们的付出是无价的。

B．Surprised.

D．Unconcerned.

B．Tiresome.

D．Organized.

C

People tend to accept groups standards of behavior and thinking in a group

illustrations(例证) could be given of this from everyday life，but what is of particular interest to

psychologists is how much people’s judgments and opinions can be changed as a result of group

and others noticed that people in a group will agree to statements that are contrary

to the evidence of their would be a mistake to think that only particular changeable

people are chosen to take part in experiments of this y highly intelligent and

independent people are used.

In a typical experiment，this is what may experimenter asks for volunteers to join

a group which is investigating visual participants are not，therefore，aware of the real

purpose of the volunteer is taken to a room where he finds a group of about

seven people who are cooperating with the group is shown a standard card

which contains a single are then asked to look at a second has three lines on

is obviously longer than the line on the first is shorter and one the same

have to say which line on the second card is the same length as the line on the

standard other members of the group answer first but what the volunteer does not know

is that they have been told to pick one of the wrong his turn comes，he is faced with

the consistent opinion of the rest of the group—all the others have chosen line A，but he quite

clearly sees line B as correct.

What will he do? According to Asch，more than half of the victims chosen will change their

is equally surprising is that，when interviewed about their answers，most explained

that they knew the group choice was incorrect but that they yielded to the pressure of the group

because they thought they must be suffering from an optical illusion(视觉假象)，or because they

were afraid of being different.

语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，心理学家通过实验发现团体压力对个人的判断有很大的影响，很多人会迫于团体压力而改变自己的观点。

9．The psychologists are especially interested in .

A．the evidence of the experiment

B．the changes in the attitudes of people

C．the difference in people’s behavior

D．the degree of changes of people’s opinions

答案 D

解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中“...but what is of particular interest to psychologists is how

much people’s judgments and opinions can be changed as a result of group pressure.”可知，心理学家对人们观点的变化程度特别感兴趣，故选D项。

10．Why more than half of the victims changed their opinions in the experiment?

A．Because they had been told about the answer.

B．Because they thought the group choice was correct.

C．Because they submitted to the group pressure.

D．Because their eyes were suffering from illusion.

答案 C

解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中“...most explained that they knew the group choice was

incorrect but that they yielded to the pressure of the group.”可知，超过一半的受害者改变了观点是因为他们屈服于团体压力，故选C项。

11．The purpose of the author in writing this passage is to .

A．illustrate the influence of group pressure on individuals

B．encourage people to act against any groups opinion

C．invite more volunteers to join in Asch’s experiment

D．tell the readers how to perform psychological experiment

答案 A

解析 写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了实验证明人们会因为屈服于群体的压力而改变自己的观点和判断，由此可知，作者写这篇文章就是为了证明团体压力对个人的影响，故选A项。

Ⅱ.七选五

The Night the Titanic Sank

From a high place on the ship，Fred Fleet，who worked on the Titanic，saw the iceberg(冰山) just a few hundred metres rang the bell to warn the people driving the ship. 1

Soon after that，one passenger，Major Peuchen，noticed that the ship wasn’t straight in the water.

But nobody listened to him.

2 Another ship—the Californian was about 30 kilometres north of the the

Californian saw the iceberg，it also sent a radio message to warn other ships in the

about 11：15 pm，the Californian’s radio operator turned off the radio，and went to bed.

The Titanic sent a message back giving its position—wrongly！ 3

Soon after midnight，the crew of the Californian saw rockets going up into the sky from the

captain said，“Fireworks！ 4 ” The radio wasn’t turned on again，and the

Californian didn’t 0：25 am on the Titanic，people began to get into the lifeboats.

At 2：20 am on April 15th the Titanic finally r ship，the Carpathia，heard the

Titanic’s last call for help. 5 At 4∶10 am，the Carpathia saw the Titanic’s lifeboats

floating on the dark water，and rescued the ，the Californian turned the radio back

on，and heard that the Titanic had sunk.

A．The accident happened at about 11∶40 pm.

B．Everyone was very proud of the Titanic.

C．The passengers of the Titanic are having a party.

D．It was 58 miles away，but it raced to help the ship.

E．But it was travelling too fast to stop，and it hit the iceberg.

F．Before the accident，the Titanic had received an ice warning.

G．A lot of people stayed on the ship instead of trying to escape.

语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。泰坦尼克号沉船事件是迄今为止最著名的一次海难，本文讲述了这次沉船事件的过程。

1．答案 E

解析 上文提到“泰坦尼克号上的船员发现了冰山”，下文提到“船在水中已经倾斜了”，E项“但它航速过快无法停止，结果撞上了冰山”承上启下，符合语境。

2．答案 F

解析 下文提到“加利福尼亚号看到冰山后曾发出无线电信号，警告这片海域中的其他轮船”，故F项“泰坦尼克号在撞击冰山前收到过冰情警报”符合语境。

3．答案 A

解析 上文提到“加利福尼亚号关闭无线电的时间是11∶15 pm，之后泰坦尼克号发出了错误的位置信息”，下一段中则提到“人们开始登上救生船的时间是0∶25 am”，故此处说明的应是“撞击冰山事故发生的时间”，故选A。

4．答案 C

解析 下文提到“加利福尼亚号关闭了无线电，没有收到求救信号”，所以该船船长看到泰坦尼克号上燃放的烟火，以为他们“正在举办晚会”，故选C。

5．答案 D

解析 下文提到“卡帕西亚号援救了许多幸存者”，故D项“虽然两船相距58英里，但卡帕西亚号急速行驶前往救援”符合语境。